-Unit 9 Lesson 1 课件 北师大版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册

选择性必修三

UNIT9HUMANBIOLOGYLESSON1TOCLONEORNOTTOCLONE（1）Whatdoyouknowaboutcloning?Cloningcancreateidentical

genes.Cloningcanbeusedtoeditgenes.Cloningcanmake

an

exact

copy

ofananimal.Scientistshave

brokenlotsoftechnical

barrierswhenstudyingcloning.We’veclonedseveralspecies,likesheep,cattleanddogs.Scientistswanttoproduce

animal

blemsclassesofplantsoranimalsWhatadditionalinformationwouldyouliketoknow?Whenwasthefirstclonedanimalcreated?Whyarescientistssointerestedincloning?What

achievementshavewemadeincloning?What

problemsarewefacingnow?…Readthroughthearticle.Drawastructuralmaptoshowhowtheparagraphsareorganised.Followthesesteps:1.Locatethekey

wordsineachparagraph.2.Findoutthetopicsineachparagraph.3.Workoutthelogicbetweenthetopics.4.Showitinyourmap.Paragraph1

①Cloningistheprocessofmakinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyorartificially.②Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.③Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium,suchassoil.④Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningisidenticaltwins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.artificial:notrealornotmadeofnaturalthingstakeacuttingfromaplantplaceitintothesoilParagraph1

①Cloningistheprocessofmakinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyorartificially.②Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.③Forexample,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium,suchassoil.④Anotherexampleofnaturalcloningisidenticaltwins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.identical:exactlythesameParagraph1KeyWords

①Cloningistheprocessofmakinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyorartificially.②Natural

cloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.③For

example,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium,suchassoil.④Another

exampleofnaturalcloningisidenticaltwins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.Paragraph1:Topics

①Cloningistheprocessofmakinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingiteithernaturallyorartificially.②Natural

cloning

hasbeengoingonforgenerations.③For

example,gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplantandplaceitinasuitablemedium,suchassoil.④Another

exampleofnaturalcloningisidenticaltwins,whoareproducedfromthesameegg.definitionnaturalcloningStructuralMapTocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1TrytoworkonParagraph2.Followthesesteps:1.Locatethekey

wordsineachparagraph.2.Findoutthetopicsineachparagraph.3.Workoutthelogicbetweenthetopics.4.Showitinyourmap.Foryears,therehadbeenattemptstoclone

animals

artificially.ThefirstsuccessfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.At

first,Dollygrewnormally,butlatershedevelopedanillness...AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan20

mammal

species,including...However,theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealth

problems…Paragraph2:KeyWordsForyears,therehadbeenattemptstoclone

animals

artificially.ThefirstsuccessfullyclonedanimalwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.At

first,Dollygrewnormally,butlatershedevelopedanillness...AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan20

mammal

species,including...However,theyhavefoundasimilarpatternofhealth

problems…Paragraph2:Topicsartificialcloning:clonedmammalsTocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1artificialcloning:clonedmammals2StructuralMapReadtherest4paragraphs.Followthesesteps:1.Locatethekey

wordsineachparagraph.2.Findoutthetopicsineachparagraph.3.Workoutthelogicbetweenthetopics.4.Showitinyourmap.Paragraph3:KeyWordsInJanuary2018,thecloningoftwolongtailedmonkeys,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,wasannouncedbyChinesescientists.Theywerethefirst-ever

primates…tohavebeencloned!Incomparisonwithotherspecies,cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“much

harder”…Dr.SunQiang,directoroftheresearchteam,saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearch…The

reasontheyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrierwas…Paragraph3:TopicsInJanuary2018,thecloningoftwolongtailedmonkeys,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,wasannouncedbyChinesescientists.Theywerethefirst-ever

primates…tohavebeencloned!Incomparisonwithotherspecies,cloningprimateshasprovedtobe“much

harder”…Dr.SunQiang,directoroftheresearchteam,saidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearch…The

reasontheyworkedsohardtobreakthistechnicalbarrierwas…artificialcloning:clonedprimatesParagraph4:KeyWordsThesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthroughthatmightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess.Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenes...Thiscouldhelpsaveresearchtime…Paragraph4:TopicsThesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthroughthatmightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess.Withthistechnology,wehavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenes...Thiscouldhelpsaveresearchtime…thesignificanceofcloningofprimatesParagraph5:KeyWordsCloning,however,continuestobeanissuethatcausesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions.Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.Theybelieveitis

bound

toleadto...For

example,theywonderif...Furthermore,clonesmay...Finally,voke:tocausebeboundto:becertaintoParagraph5:TopicsCloning,however,continuestobeanissuethatcausesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions.Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.Theybelieveitisboundtoleadto...For

example,theywonderif...Furthermore,clonesmay...Finally,theyworry...moralconcernsParagraph6:KeyWordsSofar,itisstillunknownwhatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup.Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument...”Paragraph6:TopicsSofar,itisstillunknownwhatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup.Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument...”conclusionFindoutthetopicsineachparagraph.Tocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1artificialcloning:clonedmammals2artificialcloning:clonedprimates3thesignificanceofcloningofprimates4moralconcerns5conclusion6Workoutthelogicbetweenthetopics.Tocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1artificialcloning:clonedmammals2artificialcloning:clonedprimates3thesignificanceofcloningofprimates4moralconcerns5conclusion6Showitinyourmap.Tocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1artificialcloning2-4clonedmammals2clonedprimates3thesignificanceofcloningofprimates4moralconcerns5conclusion6Readfordetails:Readthefirstfourparagraphstoanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatwasthefirstclonedmammal?Whathappenedtoher?2.Howwasthescienceofcloning

mammalsdevelopedsincethefirstclonedmammal?3.Whatdevelopmentincloningwasannouncedin2018?Whatwasspecialaboutit?4.ForhowlongdidDr.

Sun

Qiang’s

teamwork?Whydidtheyworksohard?5.Whywasitsignificanttoclone

primates?paragraph2paragraph2paragraph3paragraph3paragraph41.Whatwasthefirstclonedmammal?

Whathappenedtoher?ItwasasheepnamedDollyin1996.Atfirst,Dollygrewnormally.Butlatershedevelopedanillnessthatismorenormallyfoundinmucholderanimals.Shelivedforsixandahalfyears,onlyhalfthelifeofthesheepfromwhichshewascloned.2.Howwasthescienceofcloningdevelopedsincethefirstclonedmammal?AfterDolly,scientistshaveclonedmorethan20mammalspecies,includingcamels,cattle,deer,dogs,goats,andmice.3.Whatdevelopmentincloningwasannouncedin2018?Whatwasspecialaboutit?InJanuary2018,Chinesescientistsannouncedthecloningoftwolong-tailedmonkeys,ZhongZhongandHuaHua.Theywerethefirst-everprimatestohavebeencloned!Cduce→productiverenon-ZhongZhongandHuaHua4.ForhowlongdidDr.SunQiang’steamwork?Whydidtheyworksohard?Theyworked24hoursaday,7daysaweekformorethan5years.Theywantedtogetanimalswitheditedgenesandproduceanimalmodelsthatarehelpfulformedicalresearchandhumanhealth.Dr.SunQiangandoneofhisteammembers5.Whywasitsignificanttocloneprimates?mightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesmayoffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocesshavethepotentialtoraisealargenumberofmonkeyswithidenticalgenesinashortamountoftimechangetheirgenestosuitresearchneedshelpsaveresearchtimereducethenumberofanimalsrequiredfortestingproducemoreaccurateresultsleadtomoreeffectivetreatmentsinformation

that

helps

someone

solve

a

mystery提示，迹象Organizethedetailsintoyourmap.Putdownthekeywords.Tocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1artificialcloning2-4clonedmammals2clonedprimates3thesignificanceofcloningofprimates4conclusion6Tocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1make

anexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopittakingacuttingfromaplantanddevelopingitidenticaltwinsexamplesartificialcloning2-4clonedmammals2clonedprimates3thesignificanceofcloningofprimates41stcloned:Dolly,asheepdevelopedanillnessearlierlater:＞20mammalspecies2018,2monkeys,ChinaZhongZhong,HuaHua＞5yearsabreakthroughmightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesoffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocessReadparagraphs5and6.Trytounderstandthedetailsinthemandaddkeyinformationtoyourmap.Tocloneornottoclonemoralconcerns5conclusion6Paragraph5Cloning…causesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions…raisemoralconcerns…leadtocloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethical

questionsthisraises.Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity.Furthermore,clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.identity:thequalitiesandattitudesthatapersonorgroupofpeoplehave物体还是具有独特个性的个体Paragraph5Cloning…causesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions…raisemoralconcerns…leadtocloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethical

questionsthisraises.Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity.Furthermore,clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.inferior:lowerinrank低级的，低等的Paragraph5Cloning…causesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions…raisemoralconcerns…leadtocloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethical

questionsthisraises.Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity.Furthermore,clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.abuse:todeliberatelyusesomethingforthewrongpurpose

滥用Paragraph5Cloning…causesagreatdealofdisagreementandprovokesstrongemotions…raisemoralconcerns…leadtocloningofotherspecies,andtheyworryabouttheethical

questionsthisraises.Forexample,theywonderifclonesshouldbetreatedasobjectsorasindividualswiththeirownidentity.Furthermore,clonesmaybeviewedasmerecopiesoforiginalsthusbeingseenasinferior.Finally,theyworrythatsomeorganisationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.unethical:morallyunacceptableParagraph5moralconcerns5cloneotherspeciesethicalquestionseg.clones:objectsorindividualswithidentityeg.clones:copies,inferioreg.unethicalpurposesParagraph6Sofar,itisstillunknownwhatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup.Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,dependsonmankindandnotontheinstrument.Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.”blessing:somethingthatisgoodorhelpful

好事幸事Paragraph6Sofar,itisstillunknownwhatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaastheygrowup.Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.AsEinsteinsaid,“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,dependsonmankindandnotontheinstrument.Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.”curse:somethingthatcausestrouble,harmetc

祸因WhatdoesEinstein’squotemean?“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,dependsonmankindandnotontheinstrument.Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.”Scienceitselfcannotbejudgedasgoodorbad,becauseitcanonlyfunctionwhenitisusedbyhumans.Healsoindicatesthathumansneedtobecarefulwiththeinformationtheylearnthroughscienceandtoremembertousescienceforgood.agoodthingorsomethingthatcausestroubleItisunknownwhatwillhappened.Cloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.conclusion6Paragraph6Talkaboutcloning.Usetheinformationinthearticle.Usethemapyou’vedrawn.Cloningistheprocessofmakinganexactcopyofaplantoranimalanddevelopingit.Itcanbenaturalorartificial.Identicaltwinsandusingcuttingsfromplantstodevelopnewplantsareexamplesofnaturalcloning.ThefirstartificiallyclonedmammalisthesheepDolly.Itwasclonedin1996.Afterthat,morethan20mammalspecieshavebeencloned.Buttheyalldevelopedasimilarpatternofhealthproblems.

ThefirstartificiallyclonedprimatesareZhongZhongandHuaHua,twomonkeys.Theworkwasverycomplicatedandchallenging.Ittooktheteammorethan5yearstofinallymakeit.Butitisconsideredahugebreakthroughthatmightleadtocuresforvariousdiseases.However,cloninghasraisedmoralconcerns.Manyethicalquestionshavebeenraised.Forexample,areclonesobjectsorindividualswithidentity?Whatifthetechnologyisabusedbysomeorganizations?

Researchersinsistthatweshouldfurtherexploreandadvancethescienceofcloning.Butweshouldalsopreventtheethicalproblemsfromhappening.

HomeworkP54Ex.10Completethesummaryusingtheinformationinthearticle.LESSON1TOCLONEORNOTTOCLONE（2）Let’scheckanswerstothehomework.P54Exercise10Completethesummaryusingtheinformationinthearticle.Naturalcloninghastakenplaceforgenerations.Anexampleofthisisidentical1_____.AsheepcalledDollywasthefirstmammaltobecloned2__________.SinceDolly,morethan20mammal3_______havebeenclonedincludingcamelsandgoats.In2018,Chinaannouncedthattwomonkeyshadbeencloned.In

comparison

withotherspecies,scientistshavehadtoworkhardtobreakthetechnical4_______togetprimateswith5_______genes.twinsartificiallyspeciesbarrierseditedScientistssaythatthismajorbreakthroughoffersthe6________tocreatemonkeyswith7__________genestogivemore8________researchresultsandperhapsleadto9_____forvariousdiseases.Whilst(While)scientistsinsistitis10______tocontinueresearch,othersraise11_____concernsandworrythatthetechnologymightbe12______bysomeorganizations.potentialidenticalaccuratecurescrucialmoralabusedGooverthearticleagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoresearchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced?2.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardscloning?Findevidence.1.Whydoresearchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced?Para.3:togetanimalswitheditedgenesandproduceanimalmodelsthatarehelpfulformedicalresearchand

human

health.Para.4:ahugebreakthroughthatmightlead

to

curesforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtoprevent

the

aging

process…changetheirgenestosuitresearchneeds…saveresearchtime…producemoreaccurateresults…moreeffectivetreatments.Researchersinsistonexploringcloningtocontinuemakingprogressincuringdiseasesanddevelopingtreatments.2.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardscloning?Findevidence.Thewriterfeelsthatcloningcanbeahelpfultoolinmedicalresearchbutthatitcanalsobecomedangerous.Evidenceofthisisinthewriter’suseofEinstein’squote.“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,dependsonmankindandnotontheinstrument.Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.”Evidencecanbefoundintherestpartofthearticle.Tocloneornottoclonedefinition1naturalcloning1artificialcloning2-4clonedmammals2clonedprimates3thesignificanceofcloningofprimates4moralconcerns5conclusion6Afterreadingthisarticle,doyouthinkcloningisagoodidea?Usewhatyouhavelearnttotrytopersuadesomeonetoacceptyourpointofview.It’sagoodidea:thepotentialofcloningscientists’devotionEinstein’squoteIt’sabadidea:clones’healthproblemsmoralconcernsEinstein’squoteCloningisagoodidea.Cloningmightleadtocuresforvariousdiseasesandmayalsooffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingprocess.Besides,cloningcanchangeanimals’genestosuit

research

needssoastosave

researchtime,produce

more

accurate

resultsandlead

to

more

effective

treatments.Atthesametime,italsoreduces

the

number

of

animals

requiredfortesting.Soitbenefitsnotonlymankindbutalsoanimalsinaway.AccordingtoEinstein,scienceisjustatool.So,weshouldregulatethewayweusetoolsinsteadofgivingthemup.Cloningisabadidea.Clonesalwaysdevelopasimilarpatternofhealthproblemsanddieatanearlyage,whichisanunsolvedproblem.Besides,cloningraisesmoralconcerns.Somebelieveitisboundtoleadtocloningofotherspecies.Theidentityofclonesisalsoquestioned.Aretheyobjectsorindividualswithidentity?Willthetechnologybeabusedbysomeorganizations?AccordingtoEinstein,usedinawrongway,usefultoolscanalsokill.So,weshouldstopcloningsoastoavoidthepotentialproblems.“Scienceisapowerfulinstrument.Howitisused,whetheritisablessingoracursetomankind,dependsonmankindandnotontheinstrument.Aknifeisuseful,butitcanalsokill.”AccordingtoEinstein,…AccordingtoEinstein,scienceisjustatool.So,weshouldregulatethewayweusetoolsinsteadofgivingthemup.AccordingtoEinstein,usedinawrongway,usefultoolscanalsokill.So,weshouldstopcloningsoastoavoidthepotentialproblems.Differentinterpretationsofthesamequotation.FocusonLanguageThePerfect完成时presentperfect现在完成时presentperfectcontinuous现在完成进行时pastperfect过去完成时pastperfectcontinuous过去完成进行时形式+意义Identifythetenseofthesentences.P55Ex.11Theforms(形式)：presentperfect现在完成时 have/hasdonepresentperfectcontinuous现在完成进行时 have/hasbeendoingpastperfect过去完成时 haddonepastperfectcontinuous过去完成进行时 hadbeendoing1.Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.2.Gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplant…3.Foryears,therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimals.4.Cloningprimateshasbeenprovedtobe“muchharder”thancloningotherspecies.5.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearch…6.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweek…(P55Ex.11)1.Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.

presentperfectcontinuous

现在完成进行时

2.Gardenershave

been

usingaformofcloningwhentheytakeacuttingfromaplant…

presentperfectcontinuous

现在完成进行时3.Foryears,therehad

beenattemptstocloneanimals.

pastperfect过去完成时4.Cloningprimateshas

been

provedtobe“muchharder”thancloningotherspecies.

presentperfectpassivevoice现在完成时被动语态5.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhad

beenwhollydevotedtotheresearch…

pastperfectpassivevoice

过去完成时被动语态6.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhad

been

takingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweek.pastperfectcontinuous

过去完成进行时Themeanings(意义)：presentperfect现在完成时presentperfectcontinuous现在完成进行pastperfect过去完成时pastperfectcontinuous过去完成进行时现在完成时presentperfecttense1.I___________(learn)Englishforover10years.2.Tom__________(notbe)homesincehewasaboy.3.Recentlyshe__________(arrive)fromNewYork.4.______they______(find)themissingchildyet?直到现在已经完成hasn’tbeenhavelearnedhasarrivedHavefound现在完成时presentperfecttense1.I___________(learn)Englishforover10years.2.Tom__________(notbe)homesince

he

was

aboy.3.Recentlyshe__________(arrive)fromNewYork.4.______they______(find)themissingchildyet?直到现在已经完成hasn’tbeenhavelearnedhasarrivedHavefoundalready,yet,never,ever,sofar过去完成时pastperfecttense1.Weclearedupassoonasourguests_______(leave).2.Theboylovedthezoo.They____never_____(see)wildanimalsbefore.3.IbegancollectingstampsinFebruaryandbyNovemberI____________(collect)morethan2,000.较早的过去已经完成hadlefthadseenhadcollected过去完成时pastperfecttense1.Weclearedupas

soon

asourguests_______(leave).2.Theboylovedthezoo.They____never_____(see)wildanimalsbefore.3.IbegancollectingstampsinFebruaryandbyNovemberI____________(collect)morethan2,000.较早的过去已经完成hadlefthadseenhadcollectednever,already,yet现在完成时、过去完成时1.Julietwasexcitedbecauseshe____never_____(be)toadancebefore.2.He_____________(notfinish)byyesterdayevening.3.I___________(plant)14rosessofarthismorning.4.I_____already______(pass)mydrivingtest.直到现在已经完成较早的过去已经完成hadbeenhadn’tfinishedhavepassedhaveplanted现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时1.Sheisverytired.She______________(type)lettersallday.2.Shewasverytired.She______________(type)lettersallday.3.Jim_______________(phone)Jennyeverynightforthelastweek.4.Jennywasannoyed.Jim_______________(phone)hereverynightforawholeweek.hasbeentypinghadbeenphoninghasbeenphoninghadbeentyping持续重复Group11.Myhandsareverydirty.Ihave

been

repairingthecar.2.ThecarisOKagainnow.Ihav