2022年中考英语真题分类汇编 专题19 短文填空 考点1 首字母填空（学生版+解析版）

专题19短文填空考点1首字母填空（一）（2022•广东广州•中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc46oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina'swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf47countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv48Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）.Ifyouwalki49 ,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,aswellasthousandsofstatues.Overtheyears,ChinahasmadegreateffortstoprotecttheMogaoCaves.Today,youcanalsofindhigh-qualityphotosoftheartworksontheInternet.Peopleallovertheworldnowhaveac50toseeDunhuang\treasuresonline.（二）（2022・湖北武汉•中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。ErieGreenhasalwayswonderedaboutthingsthatliveintheocean.Whenhewasy46 ,helovedtoswim.Helikedtowatchallkindsofunderwateranimalsandplantsthroughhismask（潜水面罩）.Whenhegrewup,hewantedto1 47fornewthingsintheocean.Today,Mr.Greenisamarineecologist（海洋生态学家）.Hestudieshowunderwateranimalsandplantsconnectwitheachotherandneedeachothertostaya48 .Mr.Greenstudiescoralreefs（珊瑚）inthePacificOcean.Acoralreefislikeabigunderwatert49 .Thousandsofanimalsandplantslivethere.Theycompeteforfoodandspacethere.Asaresult,thebeautifulcoralreefsgeti50easily.Mr.Greenalsostudieshowpeople'sactionscanchangecoralreefs.Sometimespeoplepollutethewateroroverfish,sothew51thatallthelivingthingsarejoinedtogetherhasbeenchanged.Ifcoralreefsgethurt,manyanimalshavetofindnewhomes.Someanimals,n52droplow,andsomeanimalsjustdisappear.Mr.Greenwantstod53thisfromhappening.Mr.Greenbelievesthatalllivingthingsinacoralreefshouldbek54safe.44Underwaterecosystemsarelikeairplanes/'Mr.Greensays."Theyneedalloftheirpartstoworkcorrectly.”"Totakebettercareofmarinehomes,wefirstmustk55them.Onlythroughthat,canweunderstandthegreatinfluencehumanshaveontheseplaces."Mr.Greensays.（三）（2022•江苏连云港・中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。ErhuisoneofthemostimportantChineseinstruments.Ithasahistoryofo51 1,000years.ItissaidthatErhudidnotgetitsnameu52thelateQingDynasty.Ithasbeenimprovedgraduallysinceitappeared.Itisalsoc53theChineseviolinbecauseitstoneisassoftandbrightastheviolin's.Therearemanyw54piecesofmusicplayedbyErhu,suchasTheMoonReflectedontheEr-quanSpring.Youcangoande55thecharmofthem.Ihopeyou'lllovethem.（四）（2022•江苏扬州•中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）TheGrandCanal（大运河）isaman-madewaterwaythatrunsnorthandsouthineasternChina.Datingback2,500yearsandstretching1,794kilometers,itisamongtheworld'soldestand1 51canals.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumislocatedonthebankoftheancientGrandCanalinYangzhou,oneoftheeightc52inJiangsuprovincesittingalongtheGrandCanal.Themuseumo53itsdoorstothepubliconJune16,2021.Itcoversanareaofsome80,000squaremeters.Ithastwostructures:afbur-storybuildinginthes54ofagiantshipwaitingtosetsail,anda100-meter-tallTang-Dynasty-styletower.Themuseumhas11themedexhibitions（展览）.Theyaretellingtheh55oftheSui-TangGrandCanalbuiltduringtheSuiandTangDynastiesC581-907）,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalandtheEastZhejiangCanal.Thesecanalsofferawealthofhistoricandculturalattractionsw56theycontinuetobeusedfortransport,irrigation（灌,既）andfloodcontrol.The25.7-meter-long,8-meter-highancientBianRiversectionisc57bymanyasthe“treasureofthemuseum”.Sofar,themuseumhasover10,000exhibits（展品）,including20groupsoflargeones,makingitthebestcollectiontoshowthegrandnessofthecanalandh58peoplechangednature.Passingt59theexhibitionhallandintotheantiquated（老式的）streets,visitorscanseerestaurantsandshopsalongthestreet,asifwalkinginthewatervillageonthecanalduringtheMingandQingDynasties.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumisdifferentfromalltheotherm60whicharethemedontheGrandCanalinChina.Whynotcomeandvisitityourself?（五）（2022•天津•中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。InthesmallvillagesofKenya（肯尼亚）,Africa,mostkidswanttoreadbooks.Butnoroadsgototheirhomes,onlymilesandmilesofsand.Carsandtrucksarenotuseful,s46librarybooksarriveonthebacksofcamels.Camelscanhandle（应付）thesandandthebooks.Twocamels,acameldriver,andalibrarian（图书管理员）w47tothevillagestogether.Onecamelcarriesabout180kilosofbooks,andtheothercarriesatent.Ateachvillage,thelibrariansetsupthetentandshowstheb48tothekidsinside.Twoweekslater,thecamelsc49backwithnewbooks.SomepeopleinthemountainsofnorthernThailand傣国）getbooksinad50way.Their“1 51 "arecarriedbyelephants.Theseanimalscanhandlethedifficultjourney.Becausetheyarelarge,theycancarrymanybooksinmetalcases（金属箱）.Themetalprotectsthebooksfromtheheavyrainsthatf 52 inthearea.Indonesia（印度尼西亚）hasitsowndifficulties.Thecountryhasover17,000islands.Mostpeoplet 53 byboatandtheyalsocarrytheirbooksbyboat.Alibraryboatholds（容纳）about500booksinboxes.Boxesofbooksareleftinvillagesandaretraded（交换）fornewbooksafewweeks1 54 .Forpeoplewholivefarandcan'tgettoalibrary,alibrarythatcomestothembringsmorethanbooks.Itbringsawholew55ofinformation.专题19短文填空考点1首字母填空(一)(2022•广东广州•中考真题)阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc46oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina'swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf47countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv48Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves(莫高窟).Ifyouwalki49 ,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,aswellasthousandsofstatues.Overtheyears,ChinahasmadegreateffortstoprotecttheMogaoCaves.Today,youcanalsofindhigh-qualityphotosoftheartworksontheInternet.Peopleallovertheworldnowhaveac50toseeDunhuang'streasuresonline.【答案】46.(c)entre##(c)enter(f)oreign(v)isit(i)nside(c)hance【解析】【导语】本文讲述敦煌在古代是贸易中心，讲述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和很多艺术作品，讲述现在人们可以在网上看到敦煌的财宝。句意：在古代，敦煌是一个重要的贸易中心。根据"an”可知用单数名词作表语。根据“AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina'swesterngatewaytotheworld”及首字母提示，可知，句子讲述敦煌古代是贸易中心，用名词“center"或"centre"。故填(c)entre/(c)enter。句意：外国的人和当地的人经商和交流。名词"countries”前用形容词修饰，根据“differentcultures”及首字母提示，可知句子表达外国的人，用形容词“foreign"。故填（foreign。句意：如果你参观敦煌，你能看到莫高窟。这是片尸引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是•般现在时表示将来。根据"youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves”及首字母提示，可知句子表达参观敦煌，主语是“you”,动词用"visit：故填（v）isit。句意：如果你走进去，你会发现一些完美的之术作品。动词“walk”用副词修饰，根据“discoversomeofihewonderfulartworks”及首字母提示，可知句了,表达走进去，用“walkinside”。故填⑴nside。句意：全世界的人现在有机会在网上看到敦煌的财宝。动词“have”后缺宾语，根据“屋可知是单数名词。根据“toseeDunhuang'streasuresonline”及首字母提示，可知句子表达有机会，用“haveachancetodo”。故填（c）hanceo（二）（2022・湖北武汉•中考真题）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。ErieGreenhasalwayswonderedaboutthingsthatliveintheocean.Whenhewasy46 ,helovedtoswim.Helikedtowatchallkindsofunderwateranimalsandplantsthroughhismask（潜水面罩）.Whenhegrewup,hewantedto1 47fornewthingsintheocean.Today,Mr.Greenisamarineecologist（海洋生态学家）.Hestudieshowunderwateranimalsandplantsconnectwitheachotherandneedeachothertostaya48 .Mr.Greenstudiescoralreefs（珊瑚）inthePacificOcean.Acoralreefislikeabigunderwatert49 .Thousandsofanimalsandplantslivethere.Theycompetefbrfoodandspacethere.Asaresult,thebeautifulcoralreefsgeti50easily.Mr.Greenalsostudieshowpeople'sactionscanchangecoralreefs.Sometimespeoplepollutethewateroroverfish,sothew51thatallthelivingthingsarejoinedtogetherhasbeenchanged.Ifcoralreefsgethurt,manyanimalshavetofindnewhomes.Someanimals'n52droplow,andsomeanimalsjustdisappear.Mr.Greenwantstop53thisfromhappening.Mr.Greenbelievesthatalllivingthingsinacoralreefshouldbek54safe.^Underwaterecosystemsarelikeairplanes,Mr.Greensays."Theyneedalloftheirpartstoworkcorrectly.^^“Totakebettercareofmarinehomes,wefirstmustk55them.Onlythroughthat,canweunderstandthegreatinfluencehumanshaveontheseplaces."Mr.Greensays.【答案】46.(y)oung47.(l)ook48.(a)live49.(t)own50.(i)njured51.(w)ay52.(n)umbers53.(p)revent54.(k)ept55.(k)now【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家格林先生意识到珊瑚礁所面临的问题以及它们的重要性，呼吁人们要先了解它们并保护它们。句意：当他年轻的时候，他喜欢游泳。was后接形容词作表语，根据“Whenhegrewup”及首字母可知，年轻的时候喜欢游泳，young“年轻的”符合，故填(y)oung。句意：当他长大后，他想在海洋中寻找新的东西。根据"hewantedto…fornewthingsintheocean”及首字母可知，此处指在海洋中寻找新东西，lookfbr“寻找"，wanttodosth"想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(l)ooko48.句意：他研究水下的动物和植物是如何相互联系、相互需要以维持生存的。根据“underwateranimalsandplantsconnectwitheachotherandneedeachothertostay”及首字母可知，水下的动植物相互维持生存，alive"活着的”，形容词作表语，故填(a)live。句意：珊瑚礁就像一个巨大的水下小镇。根据"Acoralreefislikeabigunderwater”及首字母可知，把珊瑚礁比喻成一个巨大的小镇，town“城镇”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填(l)own。句意：因此，美丽的珊瑚礁很容易受伤。根据“Theycompetefbrfoodandspacethere”可知，因为食物和生存的空间相互竞争，导致珊瑚礁受伤，getinjured“受伤”，故填(i)njured。句意：有时人们污染水或过度捕捞，所以所有牛.物的连接方式已经改变。根据“the...thatallthelivingthingsarejoinedtogetherhasbeenchanged”及首字母可知，连接方式改变了，way“方式根据has可知，此空应填单数名诃，故填(w)ay。句意：有些动物的数量卜降了，有的动物就消失了。根据“Someanimals'...droplow,someanimalsjustdisappear”可知，有些数量少了，有些消失了，number“数量”，句子是一般现在时，drop是动词原形，故此空应填名词复数形式，故填(n)umbers。句意：格林先生想阻止这种事情发生。根据“Mr.Greenwantsto...thisfromhappening”及首字母可知，想阻止这一切发生，prevent…fi*omdoingsth”阻止某事发生“，wanttodosth"想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(p)revent。句意：格林先生认为珊瑚礁里的所有生物都应该保护好。根据"Theyneedalloftheirpartstoworkcorrectly,,可知，珊瑚礁里的每一部分都需要正常工作，所以它们应该被保护起来，keep“保持”，be与过去分词构成被动语态结构，故填(k)ept。句意：要更好地照顾海洋家园，我们首先必须了解它们。根据“wefirstmust…them"及"canweunderstandthegreatinfluencehumanshaveontheseplaces”可知，只有先了解珊瑚礁，才能理解人类对这些地方的巨大影响，know“了解”，情态动词must后接动词原形，故填(k)now。(三)(2022•江苏连云港,中考真题)根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。ErhuisoneofthemostimportantChineseinstruments.Ithasahistoryofo51 1,000years.ItissaidthatErhudidnotgetitsnameu52thelateQingDynasty.Ithasbeenimprovedgraduallysinceitappeared.Itisalsoc53theChineseviolinbecauseitstoneisassoftandbrightastheviolin's.Therearemanyw54piecesofmusicplayedbyErhu,suchasTheMoonReflectedontheEr-quanSpring.Youcangoande55thecharmofthem.IhopeyouHllovethem.【答案】51.(o)ver(u)ntil(c)alled(w)onderful##(w)orld-famous(e)njoy##(e)xperience【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了二胡的发展历史。51.句意：它有一千多年的历史。根据"Ithasahistoryof…1,000years”可知，此处指1000多年的历史，over”超过“，故填(o)ver。句意：据说二胡直到清末才得名。根据“ItissaidthatErhudidnotgetitsname...thelateQingDynasty.”可知，此处用not...until表示“直到 才”，故填(u)nlil。句意：它也被称为中国小提琴，因为它的音调和小提琴•样柔和明亮。根据"Itisalsoc…theChineseviolin”及首字母可知，二胡也被称为中国小提琴，call“称呼"，主语it与动词c疝之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态bedone的结构，空格前已有is,故此空填过去分词，故填(c)alled。句意：用二胡演奏了许多美妙/著名的乐曲。根据"piecesofmusic”及首字母可知，此处指美妙的或者是著名的乐曲，wonderftd“美妙的"，world・fhmous”著名的"，故填(w)onderful/(w)orld・famous。55.句意：你可以去欣赏/体验它们的魅力。此空与g。构成并列关系，故此空也应填入一个动词原形，根据“thecharmofthem”及首字母可知，欣赏它们的魅力,enjoy*，欣赏”,experience“体验”,故填(e)njoy/(e)xperience。(四)(2022•江苏扬州•中考真题)根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)TheGrandCanal（大运河）isaman-madewaterwaythatrunsnorthandsouthineasternChina.Datingback2,500yearsandstretching1,794kilometers,itisamongtheworld'soldestand1 51canals.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumislocatedonthebankoftheancientGrandCanalinYangzhou,oneoftheeightc52inJiangsuprovincesittingalongtheGrandCanal.Themuseumo53itsdoorstothepubliconJune16,2021.Itcoversanareaofsome80,000squaremeters.Ithastwostructures:afour-storybuildinginthes54ofagiantshipwaitingtosetsail,anda100-meter-tallTang-Dynasty-styletower.Themuseumhas11themedexhibitions（展览）.Theyaretellingtheh55oftheSui-TangGrandCanalbuiltduringtheSuiandTangDynastiesC581-907）,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalandtheEastZhejiangCanal.Thesecanalsofferawealthofhistoricandculturalattractionsw56theycontinuetobeusedfortransport,irrigation（灌溉）andfloodcontrol.The25.7-meter-long,8-meter-highancientBianRiversectionisc57bymanyasthe“treasureofthemuseum”.Sofar,themuseumhasover10,000exhibits（展品），including20groupsoflargeones,makingitthebestcollectiontoshowthegrandnessofthecanalandh58peoplechangednature.Passingt59theexhibitionhallandintotheantiquated（老式的）streets,visitorscanseerestaurantsandshopsalongthestreet,asifwalkinginthewatervillageonthecanalduringtheMingandQingDynasties.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumisdifferentfromalltheotherm60whicharethemedontheGrandCanalinChina.Whynotcomeandvisitityourself?【答案】51.(I)ongest(c)ities(o)pened(s)hape(h)istory(w)hile(c)onsidered(h)ow(t)hrough(m)useums【解析】【导语】本文讲述扬州中国运河博物馆的修建，结构和它的独特之处。句意：2500年之前建造，延伸1794千米的大运河跻身世界最古老和最长的运河。根据"oldestand”可知，用形容词最高级形成并列。根据首字母提示，可知表达最长的，用最高级“longest”。故填⑴ongest。句意：扬州中国运河博物馆位于扬州古代大运河的岸边，扬州是江苏省沿着大运河的八大城市之一。句子用“oneof复数名词''的结构，表达“最……之一根据"Yangzhou”,"inJiangsuprovince”及首字母提示，可知表达城市，用复数名词“cities"。故填(c)ities。句意：博物馆在2021年6月16日向大众开放。句子缺谓语动词，根据“June16,2021”可知是一般过去时，动诃用过去式。根据“itsdoorstothepublic”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达打开大门，用过去式“opened”。故填(o)pened。句意：它有两部分结构，像一艘等着航行的大船的四层的建筑，和一座100米高的唐代的塔。根据“ofagiantshipwaitingtosetsail”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达建筑的形状，用“intheshapeof\故填(s)hape。句意：它们讲述了隋朝和唐朝建造的隋唐大运河，北京到杭州的大运河和东部浙江运河的历史。定冠词“the”后用名词。根据“Thesecanalsofferawealthofhistoricandculturalattractions”可知，句了宝达讲述了运河的历史北京，根据首字母提示可知用名词“history"。故填(h)istory。句意：这些运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点，同时它们继续被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。根据"hesecanalsofferawealthofhistoricandculturalattractions...theycontinuetobeusedfortransport,irrigationandfloodcontrol.”可知，前后句的动作是同时发生的，运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点的同时，运河也被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。用连词while表示“与……同时工故填(w)hi洪句意：长25.7米，高8米的古汴河段被许多人认为是“博物馆的瑰宝二句子缺谓语动词，根据“by”可知是被动结构，根据首字母提示可知句子用“beconsideredas”表达“被看作是 故填(c)onsidered。句意：到目前为止，博物馆包含了一万种展品，包括二十组大型的展品，使得它成为最好的收藏品，展示了大运河的宏大和人们怎样改变大自然。根据“peoplechangednature”可知后面是宾语从句，根据首字母提示，可知句子表达“怎样人们改变大自然“，用疑问词“how”引导从句。故填(h)ow。句意：穿过展览馆，进入老式的街道，游客可以看到街道两边的餐馆和商店，好像走在明清时期运河上的水村里。根据"Passing"及“heexhibitionhal「可知，句子表达从展览馆内部穿过，用短语“passthrough"。故填⑴hrough。句意:扬州大运河博物馆以中国的大运河为主题，和所有其他的博物馆是不同的。根据“YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseum"及“whicharethemedontheGrandCanal”可知，此处是指其它博物馆，且需用复数形式“museums”。故填(m)useums。（五）（2022•天津•中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。InthesmallvillagesofKenya（肯尼亚）,Africa,mostkidswanttoreadbooks.Butnoroadsgototheirhomes,onlymilesandmilesofsand.Carsandtrucksarenotuseful,s46librarybooksarriveonthebacksofcamels.Camelscanhandle（应付）thesandandthebooks.Twocamels,acameldriver,andalibrarian（图书管理员）

w47tothevillagestogether.Onecamelcarriesabout180kilosofbooks,andtheothercarriesatent.Ateachvillage,thelibrariansetsupthetentandshowstheb48tothekidsinside.Twoweekslater,thecamelsc49backwithnewbooks.SomepeopleinthemountainsofnortheniThailand傣国)getbooksinad50way.Their"1 51 "arecarriedbyelephants.Theseanimalscanhandlethedifficultjourney.Becausetheyarelarge,theycancarrymanybooksinmetalcases(金属箱).Themetalprotectsthebooksfromtheheavyrainsthatf 52 inthearea.Indonesia(印度尼西亚)hasitsowndifficu