GREIssue小宝老师上课的课堂笔记(整理版)

ZYY制作作文笔记整理Issue部分一、Issue写作特点以及写作要点（一）题干特点1.显逻辑命题：所见即所得（四）反证法WithA____.WithoutA,______.四、Issue写作要注意的细节问题1.往往一些绝对化的词汇是写作的切入点。2.注意逻辑联结词的使用，关联词的使用是否得当非常重要。关联词能够从表面体现你的文章的逻辑性是否强，ZYY制作实际上也可以有效地欺骗改作文的那个计算机。E-rator①先后次序：previously先前的;anteriorly?早期的;originally起初的;simultaneously与此同时;coinstantaneously;eventually;ultimately②因果关系：duoto;hens;owingto;inrespectthat;invirtueof;onaccountof;resultantly于是，结果是;thereupon;whereupon③转折关系：yet;butyet强转折;whereas;howbeit强转折;nevertheless;instead;notwithstanding但是，然而;conversely相反地④递进关系：additionally;withal进一步说;ulteviorty?;detailedly?;minutely;specifically⑤类比关系：similarly;approximatively?;analogously;likewise;bythesametoken;inlikemanner⑥强调关系：undoubtedly;determinately;undeniably;demonstrably;;;authentically;withoutreservations3.语言上要注意的事情：1）承上启下（过渡）段与段之间/段落内部——用信号词（见教材）2）句式变换①长短句结合（两长一短）；②否定形式的否定句→肯定形式的否定句…not…→③主动→被动（多用，体现客观性）3）词汇多样性8组宏观词汇：①认为、思考：Think—’’seyes②重要的：important—证实了;demonstrate阐明;illustrate阐明;justify证明;说明、阐明;review揭示了;imply;exhibit展示—ignite;stimulate;spur;motivate;giveriseto;renderhard—waypopular—pervasive;prevalent;rampant;pressing;urgent;bumming⑧分歧、一致性：(disagreement;debate;controversy;dispute;consensus;coherence;consistency其他：现象、命题：issue;event事件;occurrenceincident事件的发生热门、流行的：pervasive;prevalent普遍的;rampant(rampancy(n.泛滥;urgent;pressing紧急的;burning迫切的ZYY制作争论、争议：controversy;disputen.争议;argument;debate建议、方法：scheme;solution;recipe;approach褒义词：effectual有效的;valid;efficacious有效力的(>effectual;sound;resultful可行的，有效的否定词：fail;miss;deny;refuse;decline;reject;lack(of;inignoranceof在对…无知的状态中半否定：seldom;hardly;rarely4）语法错误尽量少（十个以内小错误不会影响拿5分）5）标点（见教材）避免用“！”显得不理性6）语言与证据：用好“小宝老师写作工具箱”黄书p198五~十详见讲义；以下为笔记内容：一、并列（一）并列大量名词：n1,n2,n3,…,andnn.——A,B,C,…andotherXs…——X(概念,such[T](范围asA,B,C…hastobe….→——描述事物的矛盾性&多面性——a.1,a.2+n.+that…(把一些修饰语放在中心词后面更地道Moststudentscanhardlystandforhistypicallydryanddulllecturesthatwouldnormallycontinueatleastseveralquarterswithoutgivinganyessentialinformation.(补押韵，有加分（三）并列副词性成分——ad.1andad.2eg.Weneedtoanalyzethepropositioncomprehensivelyandsustematically.ZYY制作——ad.1+yet/but+ad.2eg.Thesystemrunssimplyyeteffectively.——ad.1,ad.2,+prep.(通过这种形式对一个动作完成定性+定量的描述eg.1.aconscientiousteacheralwaysprepareshislecturecarefully,systematically,andwiththefullconsiderationofallpossible…2.Heprepareshislecturecarefully,systematically,andwiththefullconsideration.（四）并列动词，伴随结构——…v.1…,v.2ing(ed…,v.3ing(ed…表原因、伴随etc.eg.Anabsent-mindedteacherlacksdrivetomakeclassintenselynothinginadvance?,二、重复成分（一）重复形容词（①强调；②拆分结构）——…adj.…,soadj.that/asto…（二）重复名词（拆分结构）——…n.,n.that…——n.+同位语结构解释——A,(B,C.eg.NOSisspecial.（介词结构插入）“正正反补”辩证体系补：（）一、开头段的设计①引出话题背景，发起讨论；（必修）②表明分析方法；（选修）③概括原题结论以及结论隐含的前提与条件；（必修）④指出命题复杂性；（必修）⑤建立分析模型，构建论述层次；（选修）ZYY制作问句引发讨论背景？（表明分析方法）Inresponsetothisissue,needtoanalyzethepropositioncomprehensivelyfromthedialecticthenatureofthetruthbycriticalanalysisofconceptsandhypotheses.③Theantherdeclaresthat作者观点,however,itoversimplifiesthisissue.④Thefinaljudgmentitmypointofview,shoulddependonacase-by-caseanalysis.⑤二、正文段设计（一）逻辑拓展方法与结构TS主题句.（以下（程debasingimpacton____;forthesociety,itmaypromotethetendencytoward___.（六）正文4段——“补”的论述过程Tosuccessfullycurbsuchunfavorableblights,itisimperativeforustotakeseveralefficaciousstepsintoconsiderationindiscourse.Atthecommunitylevel,weshouldappealtotheauthoritytoworkoutrelevantregulationsto___.Atthepersonallevel,weshouldcultivateandenhancepeople’sawarenessthat____.Atthefinancinglevel,___shouldpourmoreinvestmentinto___.Consequently,itissuchbeliefinabrighterfuturethatgivesussuchinspirationandoptimism.ZYY制作(七结尾段设计①重申立场;②概括主理由;③强调关键词Fromtheanalysesmadeabove,Istronglycommittothenotionthatweneedtocallforabalancebetween__and__.WithoutA,___.WithoutB,___.Inaword,thiscomplexissuedependson点题.题库中选题讲解出题方式:Indirectly黄书题号+20=网络通用题号02.keyW:competitionVS.cooperation逻辑架构:正正反补论证架构:个体—整体—过渡—合作必要性提纲:A.正(个体:竞争促进了适者生存(Adaptation→最终促进了个体的进化(evolution→个体的进步(upgrade任何人都希望做得更好,甚至最好,由此竞争的关系产生了,规则竞争对于个体存在利.1.OlympicSpirits;2.严格的教育选拔制度.B.(正社会:提高整个社会的效率.Societylikewisebenefitsfromsuchcompetition.1.可口可乐VS.百事可乐2.RavivVS.DeBeersC.(反资源的有限,和利益的冲突,导致了过度竞争意识的存在.低价格且低质量的产品冲击市场(神州D.(补合作层面,提高个体竞争力的同时,加强合作意识,促成群体优势,因此应该鼓励合作中有竞争,竞争中存在合作.1.Daimler-Benz.(MercediesandChrysler——1998.52.OneWorldOneDream论证概念:规则竞争——促进进化的源动力(利不规则竞争——伤害和危害(弊竞争——进化的源动力Competitioncanhavebothbeneficialanddetrimentaleffects.Marryevolutionarybiologistsviewinterspeciesandinterspeciescompetitionasthedrivingforceofadaptionandultimately,evolution.SomesocialDarwinistsclaim(controversiallythatcompetitionalsoservesasamechanismfordeterminingthebestsuitedgroup,politically,economically,andecologically.竞争带来的个体对立Onthenegativeside,competitioncancauseinjurytotheorganismsinvolved,anddrainvaluableresourcesandenergy.Humancompetitioncanbeexpensive,asisthecasewithpoliticalelections,internationalsportscompetitions,andadvertisingwars.Itcanleadtothecompromisingofethicalstandardsinordertogainanadvantage.题库延伸:46,37,19403.短期:现在社会是否稳定,民众对现任政府支持率6ZYY制作长期:发展existingsocialproblemsVS.long-termresearch论证架构:长期,短期,平衡论证概念:科研机构面临的两难境地长期基础研究功利型研究Inarapidlychangingworldshapedbyglobalization,researchcentersareconfrontedwithadilemma.Theymustcontinuetocarryoutlong-termfundamentalresearchastheyhavealwaysdown,buttheymustatthesametimeconductresearchactivitiesthatincreasetheirrelevanceandimportancetothecivilsociety,especiallythoseexistingsocialproblems.提纲(论证+论据A.长期研究的必要在于可持续发展的立足点——sustainabledevelopment→负责于后代offspringB.当前迫在眉睫的问题解决也很重要,它关系到社会的稳定(stability——同时也关系到政府的支持率government'sapprovalrating论据:EnvironmentalProblems;AgingPopulation;Racism《大讲堂》P358工具箱《素材大全》56个社会问题C.这两者并不矛盾,短期问题的不断解决促进可持续发展,长期研究有助于解决短期问题的解决supplementeachother因此,需要给予合理的协调coordination论据:1.NanameterTechnology环境污染2.ACAS英国工业调节仲裁机构工人短期利益&长期经济利益题库延伸:5617.KW:obeyjustlawsdisobeyandresistunjustlaws论证架构:定义反补A.[定义]JudicialJusticeVS.ObjectiveJustice——立法(legislation公正——执法(execution公正B.法律的公正与不公正不能由个体主题判断(subjectivejudgement否则法律就会失去其制裁力(thepowerofsauction论据:Agnew—AgnewismC.[补]法律不应该僵化,固定lawsshouldnotberigidorfixed,他们应该是适度灵活的,考虑到时间地点.(174题,题干交叉论据:1965年英国LawCommission题库延伸:17422.KW:individualsorsmallgroupsVS.societyasawhole论证架构:直接间接补(延伸提纲:A.[让步,前半部分]诚然,我们的思维被个人和小团体所直接影响.——父母→启蒙老师torchbearer——老师→领路人guide7ZYY制作——朋友→同路人compeer-peerpressureandpeerdrive1.ArtherLewis1979年诺贝尔经济学家B.[转折]社会的间接影响人既是相对独立的个体单元independence,又是有社会化的属性solialization.1.Confucianism-ChinesePeople世界对人们思维C.[补]世界公民Cosmoplite61.KW:high-profileawards;fewpeople论证架构:铺垫信息→反→延伸内涵A.首先,人都有被认可,被尊重(Esteem的需求,Masiow'shierarchyofNeeds.有效促进了人们继续发展和推动自己……论据:Oscar,ClioAwardB.少数人获奖→资源的稀缺性scarcity才会刺激社会尊重的竞争现象competition.此后简要论述一下竞争