MBA英语翻译历年真题及参考答案

MBA英语翻译历年真题及参考答案2007年翻译

SectionIVTransition(20points)

Directions：InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish．TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwithyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET．

Poweringthegreatongoingchangesofourtimeistheriseofhumancreativityasthedefiningfeatureofeconomiclife．Creativityhascometobevalued，becausenewtechnologies，newindustriesandnewwealthflowfromit．Andasaresult，ourlivesandSocietyhavebeguntoechowithcreativeideas．Itisourcommitmenttocreativityinitsvarieddimensionsthatformstheunderlyingspiritofourage．

Creativityisessentialtothewayweliveandworktoday，andinmanysensesalwayshasbeen.Thebigadvancesinstandardofliving--nottomentionthebigcompetitiveadvantagesinthemarketplace--alwayshavecomefrom“betterrecipes，notjustmorecooking．”Onemightarguethat’snotstrictlytrue．Onemightpointout，forinstance，thatduringthelongperiodfromtheearlydaysontheIndustrialRevolutiontomoderntimes，muchofthegrowthinproductivityandmaterialwealthintheindustrialnationscamenotjustfromcreativeinventionslikethesteamengine，butfromthewidespreadapplicationof“cookinginquantity”businessmethodslikemassivedivisionoflabor，concentrationofassets，verticalintegrationandeconomiesofscale．Butthosemethodsthemselveswerecreativedevelopments．

推动当今社会巨大变化的动力是人类创造力的崛起。作为经济生活的一个显著特征，创造力已开始受到重视，因为各种新技术、新产业和新财富源源不断地随之而生。其结果是我们的生活和社会中充满了创造性思想。正是我们在各个领域里各种各样的发明创造构成了当今社会的精神基础。

创造力对我们当今的生活和工作方式至关重要，而且从各种意义上来说，一向如此。生活水平的显著提高-----更不用说市场经济的强大竞争优势，总是源于“更好地烹饪法，而不是更多的烹制品”。也许有人认为这种说法不一定严谨。比如他会指出，从最初的工业革命到现代社会这一漫长的时期内，工业化国家生产力的提高和物质财富的积累，很多都不是来自诸如蒸汽机之类的发明创造，而是来自“大量烹制”式的企业管理方法的广泛运用，如大规模的劳动力分工、资产的集中、纵向整合及规模经济等。但是其实这些方法本身就是创新。

2006年翻译

SectionIVTranslation(20point)

Directions:inthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefiveunderlinedsentencesintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET

Thesmoothlandingofshuttle(航天飞机)Discoveryendedaflightthatwassuccessfulinalmosteveryrespectbutone:thedislodgingofabigchunkoffoam,liketheonethatdoomedtheColumbia.Thisflightwassupposedtovaulttheshuttlefleetbackintospaceafteraprolongedgroundingforrepairs.Butgiventherepeatoftheveryproblemthattwoyearsofretoolingwassupposedtoresolve,theverdictisnecessarilymixed.(61)Onceagain,thespaceagencyhasbeenforcedtoputofftheflightuntilitcanfindasolutiontotheproblem,andnooneseemswillingtoguesshowlongthatmaytake.

TheDiscoveryastronautsperformedsuperblyduringtheirtwo-weekmission,andtheshuttlelookedbetterthaneverinsomerespects.(62)Spaceofficialswerejustifiablyhappythatsomuchhadgonewell,despitedailyworriesoverpossiblerisks.Theflightclearlyachieveditsprimeobjectives.

Theastronautstransferredtonsofcargototheinternationalspacestation,whichhasbeenlimpingalongoverheadwithareducedcrewandlimitedsuppliescarrieduponsmallerRussianspacecraft.(63)Theyreplacedabrokendevice,repairedanotherandcartedawayaloadofrubbishthathadbeenleftonthestation,showingtheshuttlecanbringfullloadsbackdownfromspace.

Thiswasthemostscrutinizedshuttleflightever,withthevehicleundergoingcloseinspectionwhilestillinorbit.(64)Newsensingandphotographicequipmenttolookforpotentiallydangerousdamagetothesensitiveexternalskinprovedvaluable.Anewbackflipmaneuverallowedstationastronautstophotographtheshuttle'sunderbelly,andanextra-longroboticarmenabledastronautsseepartsoftheshuttlethatwerepreviouslyoutofsight.

(65).Thefloodofimagesandtheopennessindiscussingitsuncertaintiesaboutpotentialhazardssometimesmadeitappearthattheshuttlewasabouttofallapart.Intheendthedamagewasclearlytolerable.Amuch-toutedspacewalktorepairtheshuttle'sskin-thefirstofitskind-movedanastronautcloseenoughtopluckoutsomeprotrudingmaterialwithhishand.PreliminaryevidenceindicatesthatDiscoveryhasfarfewernicksandgougesthanshuttlesonpreviousflights,perhapsshowingthatimprovementstoreducethesheddingofdebrisfromtheexternalfueltankhavehadsomesuccess.

参考译文：

(61)

航天机构被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到解决问题的方案。似乎没有人愿意猜测这一推迟可能会持续多长时间。

(62)

航天局的官员完全有理由为此感到高兴，虽然每天都在担心可能会发生危险，但这么多的工作都进展顺利。这次飞行明显实现了它的主要目标。

(63)

他们替换了一个破损的仪器，修好了另外一个仪器，清理掉了太空站上留下的垃圾—这表明航天飞机可以满载太空上的物品，返回地球。

(64)

事实表明，用新的传感和照相设备来探寻敏感的机体外壳上潜在的损伤，这是有用/有效的。

(65).

大量的图像和公开讨论关于它的潜在危险的不确定性，有时使人觉得航天飞机仿佛快要解体。最终，他的损伤是明显可以承受的。

2005年翻译

SectionIVTranslation

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproductsandservices,aswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldpromptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.(56)Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.

Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.(57)Forinstance,acapablecorporatemanagermightseeanalarmingriseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.

Thepublic’schangingvaluesandpriorities,aswellasemergingtechnologies,demographicshifts,aswellasemergingtechnologies,demographicshifts,economicconstraints(oropportunities),andenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsoftheincreasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.

(58)Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly,toplanbudgets,andtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofmewproblemsemergingrapidadvancesintechnology.

Evenatthecommunitylevel,foresightiscritical:schoolofficials,forexample,needforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodate,numbersofteacherstohire,neweducationaltechnologiestodeploy,andnewskillsforstudents(andtheirteachers)todevelop.

(59)Manyofthebest-knowntechniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplaners,especiallyinthemilitary,“thinkingabouttheunthinkable”.PioneeringfuturistsattheRANDcorporation(thefirst“thinktank”)beganseriouslyconsideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.Ssecurity.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRAND,alongwithotherselsewhere,refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.

(60)Thefuturistsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld,sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhataboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.

(56)

具有远见的艺术博物馆馆长可能会紧跟/顺应电脑图形图像的流行趋势，使展品对较年轻的参观者更具吸引力。

(57)

例如，能干的公司经理可能会注意到当地房价惊人暴涨，这可能会影响在该地区雇佣熟练工人。

(58)

政府工作人员同样也需要远见来保持各个部门的平稳运转、制定预算、和防止战争的爆发。

(59)

以往的许多最著名的超前的/前卫的技术是由政府的规划者/决策者研发出来的，尤其是在军事技术方面：“思考不可思议的事。”

(60)未来学家意识到，未来世界是现今世界的延续，因此通过有系统地观察现在正在发生的事，我们能了解到很多未来可能发生的事。

2004年翻译

SectionVTranslation(10points)

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.

March27,1997,dawnedasanormaldayattheCollins'home.Bythemiddleofthemorning,JackCollinswasathisdesk,writingchecks,payingbillsthewayhealwayshad:ontime.Thenthephonerang,andthenightmarebegan.

(71)Aninvestigatorforabankwasontheline,askinginaseverevoicewhyCollins,auniversityphysicist,waslateonpaymentsfora$27,000car,boughtinVirginiathepreviousyear."Idon'thaveacarlikethis,"Collinsprotested.ThelasttimehehadsetfootinVir~niawasasanofficeratasubmarinebase,threedecadesago.Buthisnamewasonthecontract,andsowashisSocialSecurityNumber.

Duringthemonthsthatensued,heandhiswifelearnedthatsomeonehadboughtfourmorecarsand28otheritems--worth$113,000inallmintheirname.Theirhithertogoodcreditrecordhadbeendestroyed.(72)"Afteralifetimeofbeinghonest,"saysCollins,"allofasuddenIwasbasicallybeingaccusedofstealingandtreatedlikeacriminal."

Thisiswhatitmeanstofallpreytoanonviolentbutfrighteningandfast-growingcrime:identitytheft.Ithappenstoatleast500,000newvictimseachyear,accordingtogovernmentfigures.

(73)AndithappensveryeasilybecauseeveryidentificationnumberyouhavemSocialSecurity,creditcardsdriver'slicense,telephonem"isakeythatunlockssomestorageofmoneyorgoods,"saysafraud(欺诈)programmanageroftheUSPostalService."SoifyouthrowawayyourcreditcardreceiptandIgetitandusethenumberonit,I'mnotbecomingyou,buttothecreditcardcompanyI'vebecomeyouraccount."

(74)Onemajorproblemsexpertssay,isthattheSocialSecurityNumber(SSN)–originallymeantonlyforretirementbenefitandtaxpurposes--hasbecometheuniversalwaytoidentifypeople.Itisusedasidentificationbythemilitary,collegesandinbillionsofcommercialtransactions.

YetashrewdthiefcaneasilysnatchyourSSN,notonlybystealingyourwallet,butalsobytakingmailfromyourbox,goingthroughyourtrashfordiscardedreceiptsandbillsoraskingforitoverthephoneonsomepretext.

UsingyourSSN,thethiefappliesforacreditcardinyourname,askingthatitbesenttoadifferentaddressthanyours,andusesitformultiplepurchases.Acoupleofmonthslaterthecreditcardcompany,oritsdebtcollectionagency,pressesyouforpayment.

Youdon'thavetopaythedebt,butyoumustcleanupyourdamagedcreditrecord.(75)Thatmeansgettingameansgettingapolicereportandcopyoftheerroneouscontract,andthenusingthemtoclearthefraudfromyourcreditreportswhichisheldbyacreditbureau.Eachstepcanrequireahugeamountofeffort.

参考译文：

(71)

家银行的调查员打来电话，用严厉的口吻质问柯林斯—一位在大学里工作的物理学家—为什么拖欠去年在弗吉尼亚买的一辆汽车所花的2.7万美元。

(72)

“我一辈子都诚实待人，”柯林斯说，“突然之间，我被指控偷窃，并且被当作罪犯一样对待。”

(73)

美国邮政总局的一位负责诈骗案的项目经理说，“这类事很容易发生，因为你所持有的每一种身份证件号码，譬如社会保险卡、信用卡、驾照以及电话号码，“都是开启你存储钱物的密码。”

(74)

专家们认为，主要问题在于，原来只用于领取退休养老金和征税的社会保险卡号码现在已经成了确认身份的普遍方式。

(75)

这就意味着你必须得到一份警方报告单和假冒/弄错了的合同的复印件，然后用这些材料消除掉你的信用报告中的欺诈记录，信用报告由信用管理局保管。

2003年翻译

SectionVTranslation(10points)

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.

Lange,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.(71)ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandarefactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy60percentoftheworkforceandexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2,000.Some1.2millionsmallformshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepast6yearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally.thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.(72)Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso.atleastforawhile,bebookkeepersandreceptionists,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytodisappearintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-ups,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.(73)MostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortableinEightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse,intheirzeal,toexpand.Smallbusinessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.(74)Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoreintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeansthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.(75)Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquerthenewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotideas.

(71)

但是，绝大多数美国人没有认识到的是，国民经济的活力依赖于那些小型商店和饭馆，以及街道公益事业和街道工厂的财富/命运。

(72)

中层管理人员，因为公司被并购或重组而被迫离开公司，并为了生计另找出路时，可能会欣赏自己做老板的念头，但是也可能忘记了企业家也必须至少在某段时间内也要做计帐员和接待员。

(73)

大多数人把他们的成功归结为他们选择了他们在过去已经熟练的行业。其中80%的人在过去的工作中就和同样的产品和服务打过交道。

(74)

他们满怀希望地不断向企业投钱，不愿意承认其利润空间正在受到侵蚀，而这意味着他们富有创意的产品或服务市场已经消失，或者，他们必须削减工资或者搬出奢华的办公室。

(75)

为了抓住机会，你必须发现信号：该是占领新市场的时候了；该是增加产品类型的时候了；或者也许该是推销你的“金点子”的时候了。

2002年翻译

SectionVTranslation(10points)

Directions:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.

Geniusissomethingthatisdifficulttomeasuretomeasurequantitativelysinceitisauniquequality,althoughmostofuscanrecognizegeniuswhenweseeitorhearit.(71)Bycontrastintelligenceispossiblyeasiertoquantifyandlikegeniusisapolygenic①characterthatcanbemoulded②bytheenvironment.

Intelligenceisaqualitativetrait,whichdoeshaveageneticcomponent,butithasasingledimensionofexpression.(72)Thereareseverallimitationsinmeasuringintelligencebyalinear③scalerangingfromdulltobright,sinceindividualsdiffergreatlyintheirgenotypes④.Anynumberofgenecombinationmaypredisposeanindividualtomusicalgenius,ortopainting,ortodesigningcomputerprograms,etc.Thepossessionofanyoneoftheseabilitiesmayormaynotbeassociatedwithanother.Moreover,thesamegenotypemaybeexpressedinmarkedlydifferentwaysinmarkedlydifferentenvironments.

(73)Forexample,intelligencequotienttestscoresvaryconsiderablywithillnessanddisease,educational,socialandeconomiclevels???—eventheskincoloroftheexaminerconductingtheIQtestmayhaveasignificanteffect!Thereisalsodifficultyindecidingwhatintelligenceshouldbeappliedtolean?Isitrelatedtotheenquiringmindortomotivation?

ConsequentlycomparisonsbetweenanIQtestgiventoaUniversitystudentandtoanAborigineinAustraliawillgivemeaninglessresults,sincethetestismostunlikelytomeasurethesamebehavior.(74)Notonlyarethegenotypesandtheenvironmentsofthesetwoindividualstotallydifferent,buttheirmotivationsforachievementinparticularactivitieswillbedifferent.

Indeed,assomearticles,whichtheproblemsmentionedaboveshow,peoplewhobelievetheycanestimategeneticandenvironmentalcontributionstodifferencesinintelligencebetweenracesarestatisticallyna?ve.

(75)Ifsomeracesorsocialgroupsinthehumanpopulationcanbeinferiorinintelligence,itopensupthepossibilitythatsomesegregationistsorpoliticianscouldbringinlegislationorpoliciestosuppressoreveneliminatesuchracesorgroupsinthepopulation.

Historycertainlyshowsthatthissuggestionisquitelikelywhenruthlessareinpositionsofpower.

Canyouseewhythefalsescientificconclusionscouldbecomedangeroussociallyandpolitically?

Notes:

(1)Polygenic:havingmanygenes

(2)Mould:toshapeorform

(3)Linear:oflines

(4)Genotypes:typesofgene

(71)

相反，智力也许更容易量化，而且它像天赋一样，具有一种能够被环境塑造的多基因特征。

(72)

因为各人在基因类型上有很大的差异，所以用一种从愚昧到聪明的直线性尺度来衡量智力是有一定的局限性的。

(73)

比方说，智商测验的得分，会由于疾病状况、教育程度、社会和经济水平而有很大的差异，甚至实施智商测验的主考人的肤色也会对得分有重大的影响。

(74)

这两个人不仅是基因类型和生活环境完全不同，而且他们完成某些活动的动机也极不相同。

(75)

如果人类中某些种族或社会群体在智力上是劣等的，那么就会使某些种族隔离主义者或政客有可能去制定法律或政策来压迫，甚至消灭这些种族和群体。

2001年翻译

PARTⅣTranslation(15%)

Directions:.InthispartthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet..

(56)Thetypesofdaydreams,whethertheyarepleasantandhopefulorfilledwithdespairtakeshapeinchildhoodwheneveryonedevelopsoneofthreebasicdaydreamingstyles:positive,negativeandscattered,AmericanHealthreports.Althougheveryonelapsesoccasionallyintoeachofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingscenarios.(57)Negativedaydreamerstendtodwellonlife’sdarkerside,imaginingdangerousand/orlifethreateningsituations,suchastheappearanceofafatalorweakeningdiseaseorbecomingavictimofviolence.Scattereddaydreamersareeasilyboredanddistracted."Theirment