2022年河南省洛阳市高考英语模拟试卷（4月）（附答案详解）

2022年河南省洛阳市创新发展联盟高考英语模拟试卷（4月）AXi'anenjoysareputationsasanLivingHistoryMuseum"duetoitsrich,diversecollectionofhistoricalandculturaltreasures.ApartfromtheTerracottaWarriors,therearealsosomeotherattractionsinthecity.Herearesomeofthem.AncientCityWallXi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturyintheMingDynastyasamilitarydefensesystem.NowitisoneoftheoldestandbestpreservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerandouterareas.GiantWildGoosePagoda（塔）Situatedinanancienttemple,thepagodabuiltwithlayersofbrickswasbuiltintheTangDynasty.ltistraditionalChinesearchitecture.OneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoreBuddhistscriptures（经文）andfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumTheShaanxiHistoryMuseum,builtin1991,ishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.Themuseumconsistsofthreemainsections.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzeware（器血）topotteryware,goldandsilverwareandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.TheMuslimQuarterOneofthehighlightsisitslocalsnackswhenyoutourXian.ThebestfooddestinationistheMuslimQuarter,whichhasahistoryofseveralhundredyears.Consistingofanumberoffoodstreets,theareahasbecomeafamousattractioninthecityforitsrichandauthenticMuslimculturalatmosphere.InwhichplacecanyouknowmoreaboutBuddhism?A.AncientCityWall. B.GiantWildGoosePagoda.C.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum. D.TheMuslimQuarter.WhatcanyoudowhenyouvisittheMuslimQuarter?Createsomebronzewares.Eatdiversedelicioussnacks.Visitsomewatchtowers.TranslateBuddhistscriptures.Whatdoyouknowfromthetext?TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumhasexhibitsmadeofgold.XuanZangdiedintheGiantWildGoosePagoda.TheXi*anCityWallistheoldestChinesecitywall.TheMuslimQuarterhasahistoryof100years.BHuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers（开拓者）ofgrapegrowingandwinemakingintheiroldages.LuShenglearnedgrapeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother'ssister.Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevillageofYakhadi.Thoughthefactthattheregion'scapital,whichis3,600metersabovesealevel,isconsideredunfitforgrowinggrapes,LuShengandHuaShengbegananambitiousprojectin2015,plantinggrapesinTsalna,atowninthesuburbofLhasa.Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichiscommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecouple'sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram."LhasaisanidealplaceforplantingFrenchgrapevarietiesthatareresistanttocold,droughtanddisease,andadaptabletohigh-altitudeandopen-airplanting,°LuShengsaid."Thankstotheplateau'ssunshineandorganicplanting,ourgrapesgrowverywellhereinLhasa.Thegrapesareabitsourandsweet,andtheyhaveahighanthocyanin（花青素）content,"shesaid.Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-soluble（水溶性的）.In2018,HuaShengandLuShengexpandedtheirproject,plantingonnearly6.67hectares.InordertofamiliarizeTibetanfarmerswithgrapeplantingandwinemaking,theytaughttheskillstolocalvillagers."Wehavesuccessfullytaughtthelocalfarmershowtogrowgrapesandmakewineoverthethreeyears.Theynowhaveanewsourceofincomebesidestraditionalfarmingandherding,"HuaShengsaid.Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife.nAfterworkinginthevineyardsfbryears,nowweknowhowtomakewine.Wedrinkbothbarleyandgrapewinenow.Welovegrapewinemore,though,asitishealthier.'*Whatdidthecoupledoaftertheirretirement?TheygrewgrapesandmadewineinLhasa.TheymadefriendswithaFrenchexpert.TheymovedtoanothercityfromLhasa.TheylearnedgrapeplantingfromHuaSheng'sgrandmother.Whywasthecouple'sprojectthoughtofasapovertyreliefprogram? Theydonatedgrapestolocalschools.Theyprovidedfreewinefbrvillagers.Theyemployedlocalresidentsasworkers.Theyexpandedtheprojectwiththelocalgovernment.Whichisthefunctionofanthocyanins?Theymakegrapesmoredelicious.Theycanacceleratethegrowthofgrapes.Theymakegrapesabitsourandsweet.Theyproviderichcolorsforwine.Fortheprojectconductedbythecouple,Yudronis.A.appreciativeB.cautious C.indifferentD.hesitatecTobogganing,orsledding(雪橇),likelycomesbeforethecolonizationofNorthAmerica.RecordsshowthatCanada*sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.Butmodern-daysledracescantracetheiroriginsbacktotheSwissAlpsinthelate1800swhenBritishtouristsdecidedtoraceinwoodenluges(asledusedbyoneperson)thatlocalshadusedtotravelthroughsnow.TheoriginisdebatableinsnowynorthernNewYork,however,wherethere'sevidencethatAlbanyheldbobsled(asledusedbytwoormorepeople)racesasearlyas1885.Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moritz(acityinSwitzerland).Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports：bobsledding,andskeletonsledding(俯式雪橇),CrestaRunisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheskeletonsparticularlydaringformofsled-ding.Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.Bobsledding,meanwhile,involvesteamsoftwotofourinwhichthepersoninfrontcontrolsdirectionsandtheplayerinbackbrakeswhenneeded.ltearneditsnameaftercompetitorsstartedswingingbackandforthtospeedupthesled.Bobsleddinginitiallyovertookskeletonsleddinginpopularity,becomingoneofahandfulofsportsplayedatthefirstWinterGamesin1924.TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobruns(雪橇滑道)aroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.Butinthe1970s,adjustmentsweremadetoboththeskeletonandbobrunsinordertoincludetheeventatfuturewintergames.WhatcanweinferaboutRaymondFlower?A.Heisawriter.Heisgoodatsledding.Heinventedthesleddingrace.Hesetthefirstrecordofsledding.Howdoesskeletonsleddingdifferfromtheluge?Skeletonsleddingrunsonmetalrunners.Skeletonsleddingdoesn*thavebackbrakes.RidersonSkeletonsleddingsledwiththeirfeet.Skeletonsleddingneedsplayerstoliedownonitheadfirst.Whatlimitedthepopularityofskeletonsledding?A.Itsspecialshape. B.Itsspeed.C.Itssteelrunners. D.Itsunsuitableadjustments.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Whyissleddingsopopular?HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerlandWhataresleddingadventuresabout?HowdidpeoplekilltimeinNorthAmerica?DNotplaisaLondon-basedfirmthatmakesaseaweed-basedsubstituteforsingleuseplasticpackaging.AlthoughsomeofNotpla'sproductsaresuitabletobeeaten,theyaredesignedtobedissolved（溶解）afterusage.Thecompanysfilmwrapismadeofseaweedlininginsteadofaconventionalplasticbasedcoating.Thismakesthefilmfullybiodegradableandidealforuseaspackagingforcupboardandbathroomsupplieslikecoffeeandtoiletpaper.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsofplasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsincetheearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandonedoutdoors.Plasticsharmthewater,theair,andourbodies.Manyexpertsagreethatsingle-useplasticsareunnecessaryanddangerous.SomegovernmentsandtownsintheUniteStateshavetakenaction.NewYorkhasbannedmostplasticshoppingbags,whileplasticstraws（吸管）havebeenbannedinMiamiBeach.Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawidebanonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withtheEuropeanUnionalreadythisban.Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvestedorfarmed.Norplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.RodrigoGarciaGonzalezandPierrePaslie,theinventorsofNotpla,initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld'splasticproblemforseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrowsquickly.Additionallyitdoesn'tcompetewithlandcropsandishighlyfavoredfbritsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslikecarbonfromtheatmosphere.IncooperationwiththeonlinefoodorderingserviceJustEat,thestartuprecentlytesteditsproduct.Lastyear,thetwocompanieshandedout30,000takeawayboxesatvariousUKrestaurants.PlansareintheworkstooffertheboxesacrossEuropein2022.Norpla'steamintendstoreplacesingleuseplasticinthesupplychainmoregenerallyastheyscale.Thecompanyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolumeofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2?A.Bycomparingfacts. B.Bypresentingfigures.C.Byraisingquestions. D.Bygivingexamples.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword''implementing1'inparagraph3?A.lifting B.protectingC.opposingD.performingWhatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?Thewideuseofseaweed.Thenextgoalofthenewstudy.Thehugemarketoftheplasticbags.Theadvantagesofchoosingseaweed.Whatdoesthecompanythinkofitsplantoreplacethewholesingleuseplastic?A.Itwillbeunpractical. B.Itwillberichlyrewarded.C.Itwillbealittletough. D.Itwillberathersuccessful.Truebeautyisnotfoundinlooks.(1)Changingthewayyouthinkaboutbeautywillgiveyoulife-longconfidence.Placeyourbeautyinyouridentitybutnotyouridentityinyourbeauty.Ifyouholdontoyouthfulbeautyasanarrowdefinitionofyourself,youwon'tenjoyyourlooksasyouage.(2)Mirrorstellusonlyapartofwhatweshowtotheouterworld.Gopastyourreflectionandseetherealself!Thefountainofyouthdoesn*texist.Despitemanyanti-agingproducts,thereisnomagicsolutiontostoppingtheeffectsofaging.Youshouldstopdevaluing(贬低)yourselfjustbecauseyouaregettingolder.Aimforahealthylifeandkeepyourselfstrongandfit.Eathealthydietandbecommittedtoadailyexerciseroutine.Lotsofeffortsareneeded.⑶Beautyrelatestophysicalandpsychologicalaspects.(4)HowevenSerenaWilliamsneverhidesherunusualmuscularphysique.Instead,hershowinghermusclesenhancesherappeal.Manyfansthinksheisbeautiful.Thisprovesthatlookingbeautifulandattractivegoesbeyondourlooks.(5)Beautymatterstoallwomen,buttothosewhoagebeautifully,itmattersneithertoomuchnortoolittle.Doenjoyourlivestothefullest,Truebeautyisaboutacceptingyourself.ltisalsoaboutfeelinggoodaboutyourself.A.Everyonedoesit.B.Itcomesfromtheinside.C.Gobeyondyourmirrorimage.D.Youwillfeelbetteroveralongterm.E.It'shumannaturetobelievebeautyiseverything.F.Peoplegenerallythinkbeautyisonlyaskin-deepissue.G.Belessscaredofagingandyouwilllookmorebeautiful.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.F.FG.G

F.F17.A.AEF.FB.BG.GC.CD.DE.18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GImustadmitIamnotaverygoodlistener.Butwhatreally(21)metobecomeagoodlistenerwashelpingmywifeasshe(22)fromhertrachea(气管)surgery.Shecouldn'ttalkforalmostamonthbecauseofthe(23).Shehadapad(便笺本)andwouldwritedownherthoughtsand(24).Ofcoursethatwasveryslowand(25)andIcouldseethegrowing(26)eachday.Ifoundmyselftryingto(27)whatshewasthinkingsinceIknewshedidn'thavethe(28)towriteeverythingdown,soI(29)foundmyselftryingto(3Q)theworldfromhereyes.Mywifecouldn't(31)whichneededpayingcloserattentionandmademeagoodlistener.Becauseshecouldn'twriteouteverywordshewantedtospeak,shehadtobemore(32)aboutthewordsshechose.Becauseofthis,ourcommunicationbecamemore(33)andwepaidcloserattentiontowhattheother(34)hadtosay.Afterthis(35)Icouldn'thelpthinkingabouthowthismighthelppeoplewhoarehavingrelationshipproblems.1thinkthatifoneortwopersons(36)theonlywaytheycould(37)waswritingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown.Ibelieveitwouldbeincrediblygoodtherapy(andhelppeople(38)alotofproblems.Whynotgiveitashotifyouarehavingany(39)withsomeone.Theydon*thavetoagreetothenotalking(40)becausethisexperimentcanbecarriedoutbyjustoneperson.21.A.causedB.forbadeC.assistedD.ordered22.A.departedB.recoveredC.escapedD.retired23.A.surgeryB.accidentC.jokeD.accent24.A.schedulesB.congratulationsC.commentsD.rewards25.A.boringB.funnyC.unsafeD.inconvenient26.A.depressionB.pleasantnessC.guidanceD.ignorance27.A.breakoffB.figureoutC.pickoffD.dropin28.A.courageB.stateC.moodD.energy29.A.sincerelyB.fearfullyC.constantlyD.cautiously30.A.seeB.visitC.abandonD.build31.A.waitB.speakC.listenD.cry32.A.curiousB.worriedC.particularD.crazy

33.A.valuableB.wildC.matureD.fluent34.A.graduateB.cyclistC.presidentD.person35.A.disasterB.experienceC.crisisD.experiment36.A.forgotB.complainedC.hopedD.agreed37.A.receiveB.indicateC.communicateD.expect38.A.solveB.attemptC.createD.use39.A.excusesB.strugglesC.relationsD.stories40.A.targetsB.congratulationsC.lawsD.rules41.Theimpactofpandemic(流行病)onlifeexpectancy(预期寿命)，oneofthemostwidelyusedstandardstoassesspopulationhealth,wasassessedbyastudy(1)(publish)intheInformationalJournalEpidemiology.Thestudy(2)(conduct)bytheOxfordUniversity'sLeverhulmeCentreforDemographic(人口的)Science.Thestudyrevealedthatwomenfrom15countriesandmenfrom10endedup(3)alowerlifeexpectancyatbirthin2020comparedto2015.(4)biggestdropsinlifeexpectancy,however,werewitnessedinmeninsteadofwomeninmostcountries.Americanmenweretheworstoff,with2.2yearsshavedofftheirlifeexpectancyatbirth.MeninLithuaniafacedthesecond(5)(large)impactontheirlifeexpectancy,withacutof1.7years.Reductionsinlifeexpectancyoverall(6)(occur)in27ofthe29countriesanalyzedbythestudy.OnlymenandwomeninDenmarkandNorwayandwomeninFinlandmanagedto(7)(successful)avoiddropsinlifeexpectancy,thestudysaid.Non-pharmaceuticalinterventionsandstronghealthcaresystemsinthesecountrieswerecitedas(8)(factor)thatcouldhelpexplainthis.Allthecountries(9)lifeexpectancydroppedhad-takenanaverageof5>6years(10)(achieve).Justaoneyearincreaseinlifeexpectancy.Thepandemicwipedoutofthisprogress,thestudysaid.1234567891

.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加•一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2,只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I'mquitepleasedthatyou*reanxioustolearnabouttheactivitySaveFoodholdingbyourschool.Hereisthedetailedinformationsonit.Theschoolarrangesvariousactivities.AnexhibitionofChineseCalligraphywhatwaswrittenbystudentswasdisplayedontheschoollibrary.Meanwhile,therewerealsoapaintingexhibition,lecturesonsavingfoodandsoon.Bothoftheseactivitieswereaimedatraisingourawarenessofsavingfood.Intheaddition,westudentswereaskedwhatmeasuresweshouldtakesavefoodinourdailylife.Isincerehopethedetailsmentionedabovewillbeofusetoyou..假定你是李华，你校下周将邀请英国友人来校参观，需要志愿者介绍你校的历史和特色文化。请你写一封申请信，内容包括：.申请原因；.你的优势：.相关经历。注意：.词数100左右；.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、B、A【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。ftiiKGiantWildGoosePagodaOneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoreBuddhistscriptures （经文）andfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.（这是中国传统建筑。这座宝塔的主要功能之一是储存著名僧侣和旅行家玄奘从印度带到中国的佛经和雕像，玄奘在这里翻译佛经达19年之久。）可知，在GiamWildGoosePagoda（大雁塔）你可以对佛教了解得更多。故选B。B.细节理解题。根据最后一段OneofthehighlightsisitslocalsnackswhenyoutourXian. （当你游览西安时，其中一个亮点就是当地小吃。）可知，在那你可以品尝各式各样美味的小吃。故选B。A.推理判断题。根据ShanxiHistoryMuseum部分Itscollectionsrangefrombronzeware （器血）topotteryware,goldandsilverwareandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs. （其收藏范围从青铜器到陶器、金银器和唐代墓葬壁画。）可知，陕西历史博物馆有黄金制成的展品。故选A。本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了几个西安的旅游胜地。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。4~7.【答案】A、C、D、A【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段HuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers （开拓者）ofgrapegrowingandwinemakingintheiroldages. （HuaSheng和LuSheng是一对退休的藏族夫妇，在晚年已成为葡萄种植和酿酒的开拓者。）及第二段LuShenglearnedgmpeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother'ssister.Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevillageofYakhadi.（LuSheng从祖母的姐姐那里学习葡萄种植和酿酒。退休后，这对夫妇从Yakhadi村搬到了拉萨。）可知，这对夫妻在拉萨种植葡萄并酿制葡萄酒。故选A。C.推理判断题。根据第三段Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichiscommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecouple'sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram.（他们得到了当地政府的支持，当地政府致力于发展商业和经济。这对夫妇的项目为农村居民提供了就业机会，因此，政府已将该项目视为其扶贫计划的一部分。）可知，因为他们的项目为农村居民提供工作，雇佣当地居民当工人，所以被当地政府认为是扶贫项目。故选c。D.细节理解题。根据第五段中的Anthocyanins,whichaccumulate（积累）ingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-soluble. （花青素在葡萄细胞中积累并为葡萄酒提供丰富的颜色，是水溶性的。）可知，花青素为葡萄酒提供了丰富的颜色。故选D。A.推理判断题。根据最后一段Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife.（南村居民Yudron说，她很感激村里的葡萄种植项目，该项目为她的收入和生活质量做出了贡献。）可知，对于HuaSheng和LuSheng的葡萄种植项目，Yudron是心怀感激的。结合选项A.appreciative感激的：B.cautious谨慎的；C.indifferent漠不关心的；D.ambiguous模棱两可的。故选A。这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一对退休的西藏夫妇在晚年搬到拉萨城郊，他们在那里种葡萄并酿制葡萄酒，并为农村居民提供工作，促进了当地经济的发展。1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。8〜11.【答案】A、D、C、B［解析］（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段的RecordsshowthatCanada'sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.（RaymondFlower在《滑雪和其他冬季运动的历史》一书中写道，记录显示，加拿大的第一批人使用小型雪橇在营地之间运输他们的物品和食物。）可知，RaymondFlower是一位作家。故选A。（2）D.细节理解题。根据第三段的Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.（无舵雪橇是在金属滑轨上，选手要先用脚滑行，而不同于无舵雪橇的是，俯式冰橇是一种外形细长的钢制雪橇。骑手们头朝下躺在雪橇上，然后突然从冰上滑下。）可知，俯式雪橇与无舵雪橇的不同之处是俯式雪橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝下躺在上面。故选D。（3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段的TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.（几十年来，俯式雪橇一直局限于克雷斯塔滑道，因为世界上其他的雪橇滑道都不是为钢骨架俯式雪橇建造的。）可知，俯式雪橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式雪橇，因此限制了俯式雪橇的普及的是它的钢骨架，故选C。（4）B.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moriz（acityinSwitzerland）.Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports：bobsledding,andskeletonsledding.（无论从哪里开始，雪橇比赛都很快变得流行起来。著名的克雷斯塔滑道，以滑道底部附近的瑞士小镇命名，于1885年利用雪堆建成。第一次有组织的比赛是在1898年，由圣莫里茨（瑞士的一个城市）附近的第一个雪橇俱乐部主办。就在那时，雪橇开始从雪橇中分离出来，加入了两项新的运动：bob雪橇和俯式雪橇。）可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展，因此最好的题目是B选项"HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?（滑雪橇是如何在瑞士发展起来的？）故选B.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。12~15.【答案】B、D、D、C【解析】（1）B.写作手法题。根据第二段"AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsofplasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsincetheearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandonedoutdoors.（据联合国统计，全球每年产生3.31亿公斤塑料垃圾。自20世纪50年代初以来，估计生产了91.5亿吨塑料，其中大约60%被送到了垃圾填埋场或被丢弃在户外）“可知，作者引用了大量的数据去说明全球塑料垃圾的庞大数量及其处理方式，所以作者是通过列举数据进行段落安排的。故选B项。（2）D.词句猜测题。根据第三段"Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawidebanonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withtheEuropeanUnionalreadyimplementingthisban.（在海外，印度8月份表示，计划在即将到来的夏天全面禁止使用一次性塑料，欧盟已经implementing了这一禁令）”可知，印度和欧盟都准备或已经禁止使用一次性塑料，再结合划线后的“禁令”可知，implemenl的含义应为“实施“，A.lifting提升；B.protecting保护：C.opposing反对；D.performing实施，表演。故选D项。（3）D.段落大意题。根据第四段"Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvestedorfarmed.Notplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.RodrigoGarciaGonzalezandPierrePasiie,theinventorsofNotpla,initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld'splasticproblemfbrseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrowsquickly.Additionallyitdoesn'tcompetewithlandcropsandishighlyfavoredforitsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslikecarbonfromtheatmosphere.（海藻种类繁多，可以收获或养殖。Notpla使用种植过的植物。诺普拉（Notpla）的发明者RodrigoGarciaGonzalez和PierrePaslie最初认为海藻可以解决世界塑料问题，原因有几个。海藻丰富，生长迅速。此外，它不与土地作物竞争，并因其从大气中清除碳等废物的能力而备受青睐）”可知，本段主要介绍了使用海藻为原料所具备的优势。故选D项。（4）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Thecompanyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolumeofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.（考虑到全球塑料消耗量，该公司承认这一工作的难度）"可知，因为全球塑料消耗巨大，所以该公司认为要完全替代一次性塑料的计划是存在困难的。故选C项。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Notpla研究生产的以海藻为基础的一次性塑料包装替代品，介绍了其意义、可行性及前景。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项填写出正确答案。16〜20.【答案】B、C、D、F、G【解析】（1）B.语境衔接题。根据上文"Truebeautyisnotfoundinlooks.真正的美不在于外表。"可知B项（它源自内在）承接上文，指出真正的美在于内在而不在于外在，It指代的就是Truebeauty,故选B。C.联系下文题。根据下文"Mirrorstellusonlyapartofwhatweshowtotheouterworld.Gopastyourreflectionandseetherealself!镜子只能告诉我们展现给外部世界的一部分。别只关注你的镜像，看看真实的自我。"可知C项（超越你的镜像）正好概括这一话题，选项中的mirrorimage与Mirrors一致，故选C。D.推理判断题。根据上文"Eathealthydietandbecommittedtoadailyexerciseroutine.Lotsofeffortsareneeded.吃健康的饮食，坚持每天锻炼。这需要很大的努力。"可知D项（从长远来看，你会感觉更好）总结了这样做的好处，故选D。F.推理判断题。根据下文"However,SerenaWilliamsneverhidesherunusualmuscularphysique.Instead,hershowinghermusclesenhancesherappeal.ManyfansthinksheisbeautifuLThisprovesthatlookingbeautifulandattractivegoesbeyondourlooks.然而，塞雷娜威廉姆斯从不掩饰她一身不寻常的肌肉。相反，她展示她的肌肉增强了她的吸引力。许多粉丝认为她很漂亮。这证明漂亮和有吸引力不仅仅是我们的外表。"可知其中表示转折的However表明此处是说人们认为美只在于外表而忽略了通过外表体现出来的自信，因此F项（人们普遍认为美只是一个关乎外表的问题）与下文形成转折，从而引出下文小威通过展示别人并不认为是"美”的肌肉来体现自己强大的自信这一例子，故选F。G.联系下文题。根据下文"Beautymatterstoallwomen,buttothosewhoagebeautifully,itmattersneithertoomuchnortoolittle.美丽对所有女性都很重要，但对那些优雅着者去的女性来说，这算不上什么问题，G项（不要害怕衰老你会变得更美丽）与之一话题一致，指出女性不要害怕变老，优雅着老去也是一种美，故选G。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何正确看待美的几个方法。考查选句填空。做此类题型，要通读全文，了解常见写作顺序，重点理解空白处前后的句子，关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系，如：并列、转折、因果关系及其它关系。把握意思的连贯性、逻辑性，锁定线索词，认真阅读选项，排除迷惑项，确定选项后，再快速泛读全文，确保文章上下衔接流畅，选项有据可依。21〜40.【答案】C、B、A、C、D、A、B、D、C、A、B、C、A、D、B、D、C、A、B>D【解析】(1)C.考查动词及语境理解。A.caused引起；B.forbade禁止;C.assisted帮助;□.ordered订购。根据前文"1mustadmitIamnotaverygoodlistener."和"tobecomeagoodlistener”可知，妻子的手术帮助作者成为好的倾听者。故选C。B.考查动词及语境理解。A.departed离去；B.recovered恢复；C.escaped逃走；D.retired退休。句意：但真正帮助我成为一个好的倾听者的是帮助我的妻子从气管手术中恢复过来。根据后文"fomhertracheasurgery”指从手术中恢复。故选B。A.考查名词及语境理解。A.surgery外科手术；B.accident事故；C.joke玩笑；D.accent口音。根据前文“afterhertracheasurgery”可知，作者妻子因为气管手术而不能说话。故选AoC.考查名词及语境理解。A.schedules日程；B.congratulations祝贺;C.comments评论，意见；D.rewards回报。根据后文"Shehadapad"和"heonlywayiheycould(12)waswritingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown”可知，妻子在便笺簿上写下自己的意见。故选C。D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.boring令人厌烦的；B.funny可笑的；C.unsafe不安全的；D.inconvenient不方便的。根据前文"Ofcourseihalwasveryslow”和常识可知，在便笺簿上写字很不方便。故选D。A.考查名词及语境理解。A.depression沮丧；B.pleasantness愉快；C.guidance指导；D.ignorance无知。句意：当然那是非常缓慢且不方便的，我每天都能看到越来越严重的抑郁。根据上文"Ofcoursethatwasveryslowand”可知妻子因为手术说话不方便，因此越来越沮丧。故选A。B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.breakoff折断；B.figureout理解；C.pickoff摘掉；D.dropin顺便拜访。根据前文"andIcouldseethegrowingdepressioneachday"和后文"whatshewasthinking”可知，妻子越来越抑郁，作者必须要弄清楚妻子在想什么。故选B。D.考查名词及语境理解。A.courage勇气；B.state状态；C.mood情绪；D.energy精力，能量。句意：我发现自己会尽力去弄明白她在想什么，因为我知道她没有精力把所有的东西写下来，所以我不断地设法从她的眼睛看世界。根据后文"towriteeverythingdown”指有精力把所有的东西写下来，故选D。C.考查副词及语境理解。A.sincerely真诚地；B.fearfully胆怯地；C.constantly不断地;D.cauliously慎重地。根据前文“sinceIknewshedidn'thavetheenergytowriteeverythingdown”可知，因为妻子不能把一切都写下来，所以作者必须不断地设法从妻子的眼睛看世界。故选c。A.考查动词及语境理解。A.see看见；B.visit拜访；C.abandon抛弃；D.build修建。句意：我发现自己会尽力去弄明白她在想什么，因为我知道她没有精力把所有的东西写下来，所以我不断地设法从她的眼睛看世界。根据后文"theworldfromhereyes”指从妻子的眼睛去看世界。故选A。B.考查动词及语境理解。A.wait等待；B.speak讲话;C.listen听;D.cry哭。根据前文”Shecouldn'ttalkforalmostamonthbecauseofthe(2)_."可知，妻子因为气管手术而不能说话。故选B。C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.curious好奇的；B.worried担心的；C.particular讲究的：D.crazy疯狂的。beparticularabout对讲究。根据前文"Becauseshecouldn'twriteouteverywordshewantedtospeak”可知，因为不能把每一个词都写出来，所以妻子在选词方面特别讲究。故选C。A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.valuable有价值的；B.wild野生的:C.mature成熟的；D.fluent流利的。根据前文"shehadtobemore—(8)—aboutthewordsshechose.1'可知，因为妻子在选词方面特别讲究，所以交流变得更有价值。故选A。D.考查名词及语境理解。A.graduate毕业生；B.cyclist骑自行车的人；C.president主席；D.person个人。句意：正因为如此，我们的交流变得更有价值，我们更关注对方说了什么。此处指作者和妻子他们双方，theotherperson表示“另一个人"。故选D。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.disaster灾难；B.experience经历；C.crisis危机；□.experiment实验。这里指上文描述的作者妻子因气管手术不能说话与作者用纸笔交流的经历。故选B。D.考查动词及语境理解。A.forgot忘记；B.complained抱怨；C.hoped希望；D.agreed同意。根据后文"theonlywaytheycould(12)—waswritingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown”可知，唯一可以交流的方法是写下自己的想法和意见，这需要两个人同意。故选DoC.考查动词及语境理解。A.receive收到;B.indicate指示;C.communicate交流;D.expect期望。根据后文"writingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown"可知，写下自己的想法和意见是为了彼此交流。故选C。A.考查动词及语境理解。A.solve解决；B.attempt尝试；C.create创造；D.use使用。根据前文"Ibelieveitwouldbeincrediblygoodtherapy"可知，这种疗法可以帮助人们解决很多问题。故选A。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.excuses借口；B.struggles难事；C.relations关系；D.store商店。根据前文"Ibelieveitwouldbeincrediblygoodtherapy”可知，作者认为这种方法可以解决难以处理的事情。故选B。D.考查名词及语境理解。A.targets目标；B.congratulations庆祝；C.laws法律；D.rules规贝U。根据后文"becausethisexperimentcanbecarriedoutbyjustoneperson.”可知,这种一个人也可以进行，所以不需要同意不说话的规则。故选D。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从与妻子的特殊交流方式中学会了做一个好的聆听者。完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。.【答案】【小题1]published【小题2]wasconducted【小题3]with【小题4】The【小题5】largest【小题6]occurred【小题7]successfully【小题8】factors【小题9】where【小题10]toachieve【解析】(1)published.考查过去分词。句意：《流行病学信息杂志》发表的一项研究评估了大流行对预期寿命的影响，预期寿命是评估人口健康最广泛使用的标准之一。句中谓语是"wasassessed”，空格处是非谓语动词，study和publish是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词published,表被动。故填publishedowascon