英语字母的发音规则

英语字母的发音规则英语字母的发音规则英语字母的发音规则资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月英语字母的发音规则版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：英语字母及字母组合的发音规则（一）元音字母的发音规则1.字母Aa的发音：重读开音发/eɪ/namefaceplanegrapesnakegameclassmatetablebabysale重读闭音发/æ/bagblackthankpandarabbitapplegrandpaandcanlampfanlambcarrottrashflatantdadmanfamilyfathappy轻读发/ə/aboutpandaelephantAmericabananaumbrellasofavegetable轻读发/ɪ/orangevillagecabbage重读发/ɑ:/askfasttaskanswerafterfathergiraffeclassbananagrass在/w/后面发/ɒ/wantwhatwatchwashquality/ʹkwɒlɪtɪ/质量，品质*例外water/ɔ:/重读发/e/anymanyanythinganyoneanybodyanyway重读发/eə/parentsvarious/ʹveərɪəs/各种各样的2.字母Ee的发音：重读开音发/i:/heshewetheseevencomplete完成compete竞赛，竞技重读闭音发/e/penpenciltenredyellowelephantsevenwellyesverytellselldeskumbrellabedhelpchessmenufreshsetget轻读发/ə/openproblemchildrenquietscienceparents轻读发/ɪ/eraserelevenbecausebeforedecidereportdesignprepare重读发/ɪə/period/ʹpɪərɪəd/时段，时期3.字母i(y)的发音：重读开音发/aɪ/finefiveninekitetimelikeknifedriverideclimbchildkindnicewritewhitetypeskywhymytrybyefly重读闭音发/ɪ/sixitispigmilkgiftthissisterfishbigpicturewindowfridgeEnglishthinilldishrivervisitlistentipshipy字母轻读时发/ɪ/friendlyusuallyhappyeasyhealthyfunnybusyi轻读发/ə/terriblepossiblepencilcousini重读发/i:/police/pəʹli:s/警察magazine/mægʹzi:n/杂志machine/məʹʃi:n/机器unique/ju:ʹni:k/唯一的，独特的technique/tek`ni:k/技巧4.字母Oo的发音：重读开音发/əʊ/nosegoopenyo-yonophotophonehomethoseoverclose重读闭音发/ɒ/doghotcoffeedollfromlockorangeboxlongdoctorsockshopGodstrongofficenotstopoftenhobbydrop重读闭音发/ʌ/sonmonkeymothercomesomecolourlovedoesmoneycompanybecometonotheranotherbrother轻读发/ə/secondtoʹdaycomʹputertoʹdaytoʹmorrowtoʹmato重读发/u:/doshoestomove移动remove去除tomb/tu:m/坟墓o不发音：seasonreason*三个o特殊发音的单词：woman/ʊ/women/ɪ/one/wʌ/5.字母Uu的发音：重读开音发/ju:/useusefulusuallycutedutymusiccomputer重读闭音发/ʌ/busbutsunsunlightsupperfuncutduckgunjumprunhugstudy重读闭音发/ʊ/pullpushbushputfullbull(公牛)轻读发/ə/autumnsucceed/səkʹsi:d/成功(动)successsuggest/səʹdʒest/建议重读开音发/u:/superbluerullerglueJunetruerude重读发/jʊə/during/ʹdjuərɪŋ/在…期间curious/ʹkjuərɪəs/好奇的*两个u特殊发音的单词:busy/ʹbɪzɪ/忙的bury/ʹberɪ/埋葬（二）元音字母与r字母组合的发音规则1.ar字母组合的发音：重读发/ɑ:/arecarcardfarmarmstartartgardensharpenersmartfarparkhardalarmpartyMarchmarkdark轻读发/ə/sugar/ʹʃʊgə/糖dollar美元在w后发/ɔ:/warmwarnwarquarter/ʹkwɔ:tə/一刻钟；四分之一2.er字母组合的发音：重读发/ɜ:/certainlyservetermperson轻读发/ə/sharpenerhamburgerunderteachertigerfarmerdriversummer3.ir字母组合的发音重读发/ɜ:/birdthirdthirteenthirtygirlfirstdirtyfirm4.or字母组合的发音重读发/ɔ:/shortforksportmorningreportforbornhorse轻读发/ə/doctorvistoractorforʹgetʹmonitor班长在w后发/ɜ:/workwordworldworth值得的worm蠕虫5.ur字母组合的发音重读发/ɜ:/purpleturnnursehurthamburgerThursdaySaturdaycurtain帘子轻读发/ə/surprise惊讶surround/səʹraund/包围survive存活（三）字母a与其它字母组合的发音规则1.ai字母组合的发音：重读发/eɪ/paintrainrainbowtailwaittrain轻读不发音certaincertainlyBritaincurtain特殊发音：said/e/2.au字母组合的发音：重读发/ɔ:/Augustcausefaultautumnpausesauce调味汁sausage香肠发/ɒ/becauseAustralia发/ɑ:/auntlaugh3.al字母组合的发音：/ɔ:/smalltallfalltalkwalk/ɔ:l/alwaysalmostalreadysaltaltogether/ɑ:/halfcalm镇定，平静4.aw字母组合的发音：重读发/ɔ:/drawpaw爪子sawlaw法律dawn黎明crawl爬行5.air字母组合的发音：发/eə/airchairhairairportrepairpairupstair6.are字母组合的发音：发/eə/preparesharecarecarefuldare敢7.augh字母组合的发音：发/ɔ:/taughtteach的过去式caughtcatch的过去式daughter女儿naughty淘气的发/ɑ:f/laugh8.ay字母组合的发音：重读发/eɪ/daytodaypayplaysaywayawaymayMayhooʹray好哇，万岁！轻读发/ɪ/holidayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday特殊发音：says/e/（四）字母e与其它字母组合的发音规则1.ea字母组合的发音：发/i:/teacherteachpeachseatteamcleanpleasereadjeanscheapspeakleaveeasyeat发/e/breaddeadheadheavyhealthhealthyreadyweatherweather发/eɪ/greatbreaksteak牛排发/ɪə/realreallyidea2.ee字母组合的发音：发/i:/meetthreequeenjeepseesheeptreefeelfeetbee3.ear字母组合的发音：发/ɪə/earhearneardearclearfearyear发/ɜ:/heardhear的过去式learnearlysearch寻找research研究，调查发/eə/pearbearwear穿，戴*特殊发音的单词：heart/ɑ:/心脏，心4.ei字母组合的发音：重读发/eɪ/neighbour/ʹneɪbə/邻居重读发/i:/receive收到seize抓住ceiling天花板轻读发/ɪ/foreign/ʹfɔrɪn/外国的foreigner外国人5.ew字母组合的发音：发/ju:/fewnewnewsnewspaper报纸发/u:/blew吹（blow的过去式）flew飞（fly的过去式）threw扔（throw的过去式）crew全体船员发/əʊ/sew缝纫6.ere字母组合的发音：发/ɪə/heresincere/sɪnʹsɪə/真诚的mere仅仅，只是发/eə/therewhere7.eer字母组合的发音：发/ɪə/deerbeercheerpeer同龄人，同伴engineer/ˏendʒɪʹnɪə/工程师8.ey字母组合的发音：重读发/eɪ/theyheyobey遵守grey灰色重读发/i:/key轻读发/ɪ/honeymonkeydonkeymoneyvalley山谷volleyball排球9.eigh字母组合的发音：发/eɪ/eighteighteeneightyweighweight*特殊发音：height/aɪ/高度10.ex字母组合的发音：发/ɪks/exʹpress表达exʹpressoionexʹplain解释exʹpensive贵的exʹperiment实验发/eks/ʹextra额外的ʹexcellent极好的ʹexercise练习，运动ʹexit出口发/ɪgz/exam考试exact确切的（五）字母i与其它字母组合的发音规则1.ie字母组合的发音：发/i:/piece片，块beʹlievefield田地thief小偷chief主要的，长官niece侄女发/aɪ/dielietie发/aɪə/quietdiet饮食science科学发/ɪə/fierce凶猛的2.ire字母组合的发音：发/aɪə/tire（使）累hire雇佣wire电线inʹspire激励desire渴望admire崇拜3.igh字母组合的发音：发/aɪ/rightfighthighnightbrightlightmight(may的过去式)（六）字母o与其它字母组合的发音规则1.oa字母组合的发音：发/əʊ/boatgoatgoalcoatroadload(载重，载入)发/ɔ:/broad宽阔的abroad在国外2.oar字母组合的发音：发/ɔ:/board板blackboardroar咆哮，怒吼soar高飞3.oi和oy字母组合的发音：发/ɔɪ/boytoyjoyenjoyoil油noise吵闹声noisyboil煮沸，沸腾，（水）开4.oo字母组合的发音：发/ʊ/记住这些单词：bookgoodgoodbyelookcook(煮，烹饪)wood(木头)foottookunderstoodstoodhook(钩子)hooʹray好哇，万岁！发/u:/afternoonballnoontoofoodschoolnoonroomnoodlespoonbootssooncooltoolfoolmoon发/ʌ/记住两个单词：flood(洪水)blood(血)5.oor字母组合的发音：发/ɔ:/记住两个单词：floor(地板)door发/ʊə/记住这个单词：poor(贫穷的)6.ou字母组合的发音：发/aʊ/mouthcloudmousesoundhousemountainaboutcountsouthround发/ʌ/enough/ɪʹnʌf/足够的cousincountry发/u:/yousoupgrouproutine/ru:ʹti:n/常规工作发/əʊ/shoulder肩膀soul心灵发/ɒ/*记住这个单词cough/kɒf/咳嗽轻读发/ə/dangerous危险的famous出名的humorous幽默的7.ough字母组合的发音：发/ɔ:/fought（fight的过去式）thought（think的过去式）brought（bring的过去式）bought（buy的过去式）*记住这些特殊发音的单词：though/ðəʊ/尽管，即使plough/plaʊ/耕地through/θru:/穿过，通过（介词）thorough/ʹθʌrə/彻底的，完全的8.our字母组合的发音：发/aʊə/ourhourflour面粉发/ʊə/tour(旅途，旅行)tourist(游客)轻读发/ə/humo(u)r幽默colo(u)rfavo(u)r赞同，喜爱neighbo(u)r邻居9.ow字母组合的发音：发/aʊ/brownhowflowerdownnow发/əʊ/rainbowwindowknowsnowʹfollowshowflow水流，流动*特殊发音的单词：knowledge/ʹnɒlɪdʒ/知识10.ure字母组合的发音：重读发/ʊə/sure确信的，的确surelyenʹsure使确信重读发/jʊə/cure治愈maʹture成熟的seʹcure安全的轻读发/ə/pleasure/ʹpleʒə/高兴measure/ʹmeʒə/尺寸，措施treasure/ʹtreʒə/财宝（七）辅音字母的发音规则Bb/b/Cc在a,o和u前发/k/；在e和i前发/s/Dd/d/

Ff/f/Gg/g//dʒ/Hh/h/Jj/dʒ/Kk/k/Ll/ǀ/Mm/m/Nn/n//ŋ/Pp/p/Qq/k/Rr/r/Ss/s//z/

/ʃ//ʒ/Tt/t/Vv/v/Ww/w/Xx/ks//gz/Yy/j/Zz/z/（八）需特别注意的辅音字母的发音规则1.c字母的特殊发音：c在单词中间，ia和ie前发/ʃ/social社会的，社交的official官方的muʹsician音乐家ancient/ʹeɪʃənt/古代的2.g字母的特殊发音：garage/ʹgærɑ:ʒ/车库；修车间3.s字母的特殊发音：/ʃ/suresugarRussiaAsia/ʒ/usualusuallypleasuremeasuretreasure4.n字母的特殊发音：n在/k/和/g/前面发/ŋ/thinkthankangrybanklanguage5.x字母的发音：在结尾或辅音前发/ks/boxfoxtextexceptexpertexport在元音前发/gz/examexactexample*发/kʃ/anxious/ʹæŋkʃəs/焦虑的；焦急的6.l字母的两种发音：l后面有元音就发/ǀ/（了）looklikeflylovefamilylivefriendlyl后面没有元音就发/ǀ/（猴）applepeoplebeautifulfallfilmsalthelpchild（九）需特别注意的辅音字母组合的发音规则1.ng字母组合在词尾发/ŋ/thingsomethingsingsonglongstrongwrongyoung2.ch字母组合的发音：发/tʃ/teacherpeachchancechurchbeachcheercheapchipouch发/k/schoolache痛technology/tekʹnɒlədʒɪ/技术chemistry/ʹkemɪstrɪ/化学发/ʃ/machine/məʹʃi:n/机器moustache/məʹstɑ:ʃ/小胡子发/dʒ/sandwich三明治3.ck字母组合发/k/cockduckclockchickenkickJackbackblacklockpick4.tch字母组合发/tʃ/match比赛；匹配catch抓住fetch去拿来5.th字母组合的发音：发/θ/thinkthankfourththingthinthreethirdfifth发/ð/theythisthatwiththerethesethosefathermotherbrother6.qu字母组合发/kw/quitequietquickquizquestionquarterquality7.que字母组合发/k/technique/tekʹni:k/技巧cheque/tʃek/支票unique/ju:ʹni:k/唯一的，独特的8.ph字母组合发/f/elephantphototelephone9.gh字母组合发/f/enough足够的tough强壮的，威猛的rough粗糙的cough咳嗽10.kn字母组合发/n/，k不发音knifeknowknee膝盖knit编织knot结，打结11.wr字母组合发/r/，w不发音wrongwritewrap包裹wrinkle皱纹；起皱12.wh字母组合的发音：发/w/whatwhitewhywhichwhenwherewheel车轮发/h/whowhosewhomwhole整个13.ture字母组合轻读发/tʃə/pictureculture/ʹkʌltʃə/文化future/ʹfju:tʃə/未来temperature/temprɪtʃə/温度14.tion字母组合的发音：发/ʃən/station(车)站nation国家，民族action动作education/ˏedju:ʹkeɪʃən/教育发/tʃən/*记住这两个单词：questionsuggestion/səʹdʒestʃən/建议15.ssion或sion字母组合的发音：发/ʃən/expression/ɪksʹpreʃən/表达，表情impression/ɪmʹpreʃən/印象intension/ɪnʹtenʃən/专心致志发/ʒən/decision/dɪʹsiʒən/决定explosion/ɪksʹpləʊʒən/爆炸conclusion/kənkʹlu:ʒən/结论decision/dɪʹsɪʒən/决定（十）单词附加词尾的发音规则英语中单词的附加词尾主要有：名词的复数形式，动词的第三人称单数形式，动词的-ed形式，动词的-ing形式，和形容词的比较级和最高级形式。其中名词的复数和动词的三单形式在x,s,z,sh,ch结尾的单词后面加es,其它直接加s。其中动词的-ed和-ing形式碰到重读闭音节时要双写最后一个辅音再加ed或ing，如：banned，hugged;beginning,digging。这些附加词尾的读音都有一定的读音规则。其中形容词的比较级和最高级（略）。词尾位置发音举例在x,s,z,sh,ch结尾的单词后面加es,其它直接加s，以单个y结尾的单词，先去y变i再加es在