初升高英语句子成分课件

句子成分句子成分1概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。概念：2主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。主语3主语（subject）:

句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）

Helikesdancing.

（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.therich=therichpeople名词化的形容词主语（subject）:

句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首Th4讲述“谁”Weworkinabigfactory.讲述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.数词作主语Threeareenough.三个人就够了不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.从句作主语Whatweneedisfood.我们最需要的是食物.在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.讲述“谁”5Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

形式主语真正主语It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatreeToseeistobelieve.

（不定式）6在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：

Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.

Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。71.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！1.Doexerciseisgoodforyour8指出下列句中主语的中心词

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

介词不能作主语

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

Thereisanappleonthetable.Anappleisthereonthetable.指出下列句中主语的中心词

①Theteacherwit9③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.③Theusefuldictionarywasgi10找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测找出下面句子的主语主语小测11单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They单选：12谓语说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。谓语13谓语（predicate）:常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.谓语（predicate）:常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主14Heisverygenerous.Shelooksverysmartandcool.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.Heisverygenerous.15Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成Theplanetookoffat10o’clo16Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearestudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!复合谓语：1.情态动词\助动词+v2.系动词+adj./n.（以及其它表语成分）Youmaykeepthebookfortwo17Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形Openthedoor,please!18找出下列句子的谓语①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?找出下列句子的谓语①Idon'tlikethepi19⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworky20按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you按要求找出下列句子的主谓：主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you211.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finish B.finishingC.tofinish D.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish1.Itisdifficultforme_____223.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj.3.__upearly,oryouwillmis23表语说明主语是说明或怎么样由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当它的位置在系动词后面。表语24形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.

名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.形容词作表语25宾语表示动作、行为的对象由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。宾语26如：名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.如：27直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We

brought

them

somefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。

直接宾语和间接宾语28宾语(动宾或介宾）

动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词之后。IlikeChina.

Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?宾语(动宾或介宾）

动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词之后。I29Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后面的宾语：介宾注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.sheHeisafraidofher--hisheadt30Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：双宾Hegavemeabookyesterday.

31IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语真正宾语Ithinkithardtofinishthis32①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

找出下列句子的宾语①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehish335.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.5.Someofthestudentsinthe34宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.

宾语的补足语35名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyou

king.形容词作宾补Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding.带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.名词作宾补36在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：“宾语+名词”。常用于该结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。

WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：37“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：

Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.“宾语+副词”。38▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：

Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain.▲“宾语+介词短语”。39“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：

A.

要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.

B.

要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等

Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.C.

单词help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：40▲“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。

Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。

Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood.初升高英语句子成分课件41形式宾语＋形容词

WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.▲宾语+what从句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.形式宾语＋形容词42定语用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。定语43形容词作定语

The

black

bikeismine.

代词作定语

What’syourname?名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.介词短语作定语

TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短语

Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.从句作定语

ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.形容词作定语44

“后置定语”▲修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如：

We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?▲介词短语作定语时要后置。如：

Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?

Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.“后置定语”45▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.

Doyouhaveanypieceofmusictolistento?▲nearby,below,downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。如：Weareatthetopofthehill.Canyouseethevillage

below?Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow?Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置46状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：

HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch.

Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.

Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.

WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.状语状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：47※副词作状语的位置：①be动词之后，实义动词之前助动词和实义动词之间，如usually,

often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still……②放在句末修饰动词，如verymuch，alot，quickly，fast，high，slowly……③修饰形容词或副词时在它们前面，如verygood，soearly……④有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如already，only，sometime……※副词作状语的位置：48(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

(4分)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

(4分)

①

The

49(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词

(10分，10分钟)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词

(10分，10分钟)

①

50⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

y51三)

挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

三)

挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）

①

My

b52((四)

挑出下列句中的表语

(5分，5分钟)

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

((四)

挑出下列句中的表语

(5分，5分钟)

①

Th53(五)

挑出下列句中的定语

(6分，6分钟)

①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

A

B

C

D

②

What

is

your

given

name?

A

B

C

D

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

A

B

C

D

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

A

B

C

D

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

A

B

C

D

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

A

B

C

D

(五)

挑出下列句中的定语

(6分，6分钟)

①

They54(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

(6分，6分钟)

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

D

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

A

B

C

D

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

A

B

C

D

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

A

B

C

D

⑤

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

(6分，6分钟)

①

S55(七)

挑出下列句中的状语（8分，

8分钟）

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

A

B

C

D

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.

A

B

C

D

③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

A

B

C

D

④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

travelling

too

fast.

A

B

C

D

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm,

Miss

Li

hurried

off.

A

B

C

D

⑥

She

loves

the

library

because

she

loves

books.

A

B

C

D

⑦

I

am

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must

pay

for

it.

A

B

C

D(七)

挑出下列句中的状语（8分，

8分钟）

①

Ther56(八)

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

(5分)

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr.

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

pen.

Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

(八)

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

(5分)

①

Ple57句子成分句子成分58概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。概念：59主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。主语60主语（subject）:

句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名词）

Helikesdancing.

（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.

（动名词）

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.therich=therichpeople名词化的形容词主语（subject）:

句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首Th61讲述“谁”Weworkinabigfactory.讲述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.数词作主语Threeareenough.三个人就够了不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.从句作主语Whatweneedisfood.我们最需要的是食物.在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.讲述“谁”62Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

形式主语真正主语It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatreeToseeistobelieve.

（不定式）63在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：

Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.

Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。641.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！1.Doexerciseisgoodforyour65指出下列句中主语的中心词

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

介词不能作主语

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

Thereisanappleonthetable.Anappleisthereonthetable.指出下列句中主语的中心词

①Theteacherwit66③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.③Theusefuldictionarywasgi67找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测找出下面句子的主语主语小测68单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They单选：69谓语说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。谓语70谓语（predicate）:常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.谓语（predicate）:常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主71Heisverygenerous.Shelooksverysmartandcool.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.Heisverygenerous.72Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成Theplanetookoffat10o’clo73Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearestudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!复合谓语：1.情态动词\助动词+v2.系动词+adj./n.（以及其它表语成分）Youmaykeepthebookfortwo74Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形Openthedoor,please!75找出下列句子的谓语①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?找出下列句子的谓语①Idon'tlikethepi76⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworky77按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you按要求找出下列句子的主谓：主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you781.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finish B.finishingC.tofinish D.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish1.Itisdifficultforme_____793.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj.3.__upearly,oryouwillmis80表语说明主语是说明或怎么样由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当它的位置在系动词后面。表语81形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.

名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.形容词作表语82宾语表示动作、行为的对象由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。宾语83如：名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.如：84直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We

brought

them

somefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。

直接宾语和间接宾语85宾语(动宾或介宾）

动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词之后。IlikeChina.

Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?宾语(动宾或介宾）

动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词之后。I86Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后面的宾语：介宾注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.sheHeisafraidofher--hisheadt87Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)：双宾Hegavemeabookyesterday.

88IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语真正宾语Ithinkithardtofinishthis89①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

找出下列句子的宾语①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehish905.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.5.Someofthestudentsinthe91宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.

宾语的补足语92名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyou

king.形容词作宾补Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding.带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.名词作宾补93在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：“宾语+名词”。常用于该结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。

WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：94“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：

Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.“宾语+副词”。95▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：

Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain.▲“宾语+介词短语”。96“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：

A.

要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.

B.

要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等

Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.C.

单词help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：97▲“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。

Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。

Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood.初升高英语句子成分课件98形式宾语＋形容词

WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.▲宾语+what从句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.形式宾语＋形容词99定语用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。定语100形容词作定语

The

black

bikeismine.

代词作定语

What’syourname?名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.介词短语作定语

TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短语

Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.从句作定语

ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.形容词作定语101

“后置定语”▲修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如：

We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?▲介词短语作定语时要后置。如：

Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?

Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.“后置定语”102▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.

Doyouhaveanypieceofmusictolistento?▲nearby,below,downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。如：Weareatthetopofthehill.Canyouseethevillage

below?Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow?Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置103状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：

HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch.

Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.

Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.

WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.状语状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：104※副词作状语的位置：①be动词之后，实义动词之前助动词和实义动词之间，如usually,

often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still……②放在句末修饰动词，如verymuch，alot，quickly，fast，high，slowly……③修饰形容词或副词时在它们前面，如verygood，soearly……④有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如already，only，sometime……※副词作状语的位置：105(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

(4分)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

(4分)

①

The

106(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词

(10分，10分钟)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The