阅读理解专题课件

阅读理解专题解题策略和技巧阅读理解专题解题策略和技巧1一、考察要点及复习策略(1)阅读理解既考查考生对文章主旨大意的把握，也注重对细节的理解，既要考察句子之间的逻辑关系，也要考察全篇的逻辑关系，同时还需要考察考生在已有信息的基础上进行合理的推断，甚至判断生词含义。是一种对语言综合能力要求较高的题型。(2)在各类考试中，阅读理解测试题都占有相当大的比重。高考英语，阅读理解占总分数的三分之一，在历次考试之中，阅读的失分情况也很严重。原因主要有两个方面：一，没能很好的掌握英语阅读理解的技巧、策略和方法，二是英语语言底子薄弱，阅读量少，对句子与篇章的理解不透彻。(3)掌握一定的阅读技巧并伴以大量的阅读训练是提高阅读理解水平的关键。一、考察要点及复习策略2二、题型分析(1)主旨大意题(2)细节理解题(3)推理判断题(4)语义/词义理解题(5)作者的意图、观点和态度题(6)篇章结构题二、题型分析31.主旨大意题解题策略(正确答案)

是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。◆干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。◆干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。◆干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。1.主旨大意题解题策略(正确答案)是根据文章意41.主旨大意题常见的提问形式◆Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?◆Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?◆Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?◆Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?◆What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?1.主旨大意题常见的提问形式◆Whatdoesthew5Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin…

Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout…

Somepeoplethinkthatsuc631.Paragraph1mainlytalksabout____.A.thereasonsforsuccessB.themeaningofsuccessC.thestandardsofsuccessD.theimportanceofsuccess35.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.B.Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.C.Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.D.Luck,talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.31.Paragraph1mainlytalksa72.细节理解题解题策略◆忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。◆有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。◆提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why…2.细节理解题解题策略8Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.“MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume,butfinallysheagreed.ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoff…AndTom,withthestrengthofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughtheoperation.28.WhenTomwentforthethirdoperation,he________.A.pretendedtobepainfulB.actedlikeasuperheroC.appearedinpoorspiritsD.arguedwithhismotherThedaybeforehisthirdt93.推理判断题解题策略◆透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思；对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。3.推理判断题解题策略103.推理判断题常见的命题形式◆Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.◆Wecanconclude(得出结论)

fromthepassagethat_____.◆Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?◆Whatisthepurpose(目的)

ofthispassage?◆Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3.推理判断题常见的命题形式◆Thepassageim11Whenyouseepeopleexhibitingsomegreatskillsorhavingachievedgreatsuccess,youknowthattheyhaveputinahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.It’ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalent,butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andthere’sahugechancethatyou’rewronganyway.34.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskills.B.Peoplesometimessucceedwithoutluckortalent.C.Peopleneedtoachievesuccessatthecostoflife.D.Ithelpstothinkthatluckortalentleadstosuccess.Whenyouseepeopleexhibi124.语义/词义理解题解题策略◆同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。◆反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。◆释义法

对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。

◆情景推断法、代词替代法等4.语义/词义理解题解题策略13However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10.000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.32.Inparagraph2,theunderlinedwordthatrefersto_______.A.puttinginmoretime.B.settingapracticalgoal.C.beinggoodatsomething.D.succeedinginlifeHowever,tosucceedinlif14Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.42.TheunderlinedexpressioncuttingedgeinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.advancedtechniqueB.sharpeningtoolC.dividinglineD.effectiverule

Inthebattleagainstchea15Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.31.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.earlyB.sweetly C.quickly D.smoothlyCandogsandcatslivein165.作者的意图、观点和态度题解题策略◆干扰项可能考生自己的某种观点。◆干扰项社会普遍的一种倾向，但文中没有信息支持◆干扰项与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等

问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度。如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。5.作者的意图、观点和态度题解题策略◆干扰项可能考生自己17Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein…camethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination…

Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereservedforchildrenonly;weallhavethepowertouseourfantasiestoattemptthingsweneverthoughtpossible,togothroughthosethingsthatseemimpossible,andtoachievewhatweneverbelievedwecould.JustasDr.Epsteinputsit,“Ifyoucandreamit,youcandoit.”

…So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.30.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.Imaginationandfantasyca186.篇章结构题解题策略◆了解文章的主要逻辑结构是解题的前提：①时空顺序②总分顺序③分总顺序④对比◆概括各段内容的主旨，然后分析相互之间的逻辑关系。◆常见的提问形式：Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby________./Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

6.篇章结构题解题策略◆了解文章的主要逻辑结构是解题的前提19Wheninternationalaidisgiven,stepsmustbetakentoensurethattheaidreachesthepeopleforwhomitisintended.Thewaytoachievethismaynotbesimple…Morethanthehelpthatonenationcangivetoanotherduringadisaster;itwouldbemoreeffectivetogiveotherformsofhelpduringnormaltimes.Acommonproverbsays,“GivemeafishandIeatforday,teachmetofishandIeatforalifetime.”Ifwefollowthiswisesaying,itwouldberighttoteachpeoplefromlessdevelopednationstotakecareofthemselves.Forexample,acountrycouldshareitstechnologywithanother.

63.Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedmainly______.A.byexampleB.byprocessC.bycomparisonD.bycontrastWheninternationalaidis20小结1.对于细节题，一定要带着题目回到原文，找到原句2.主旨大意题有时候并非是正误之分，而是最佳选项和非最佳选项之分3.推理判断题往往不能选和原文完全一样的句子，需要自己进行加工信息4.根据自己的特点，选择先看题还是先看文章5.可以在每一段标上数字方便回看6.所有的技巧，都必须在大量的训练中得到提高，平时注重基础，尤其是词汇的记忆，小结1.对于细节题，一定要带着题目回到原文，找到原句21阅读理解专题解题策略和技巧阅读理解专题解题策略和技巧22一、考察要点及复习策略(1)阅读理解既考查考生对文章主旨大意的把握，也注重对细节的理解，既要考察句子之间的逻辑关系，也要考察全篇的逻辑关系，同时还需要考察考生在已有信息的基础上进行合理的推断，甚至判断生词含义。是一种对语言综合能力要求较高的题型。(2)在各类考试中，阅读理解测试题都占有相当大的比重。高考英语，阅读理解占总分数的三分之一，在历次考试之中，阅读的失分情况也很严重。原因主要有两个方面：一，没能很好的掌握英语阅读理解的技巧、策略和方法，二是英语语言底子薄弱，阅读量少，对句子与篇章的理解不透彻。(3)掌握一定的阅读技巧并伴以大量的阅读训练是提高阅读理解水平的关键。一、考察要点及复习策略23二、题型分析(1)主旨大意题(2)细节理解题(3)推理判断题(4)语义/词义理解题(5)作者的意图、观点和态度题(6)篇章结构题二、题型分析241.主旨大意题解题策略(正确答案)

是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。◆干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。◆干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。◆干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。1.主旨大意题解题策略(正确答案)是根据文章意251.主旨大意题常见的提问形式◆Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?◆Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?◆Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?◆Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?◆What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?1.主旨大意题常见的提问形式◆Whatdoesthew26Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin…

Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout…

Somepeoplethinkthatsuc2731.Paragraph1mainlytalksabout____.A.thereasonsforsuccessB.themeaningofsuccessC.thestandardsofsuccessD.theimportanceofsuccess35.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.B.Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.C.Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.D.Luck,talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.31.Paragraph1mainlytalksa282.细节理解题解题策略◆忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。◆有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。◆提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why…2.细节理解题解题策略29Thedaybeforehisthirdtriptotheoperatingroom,Tomwasterriblyafraid.“MaybeIcouldgoasSuperman,”hewhisperedtohismom.Hearingthis,themotherhesitatedforawhile.Shehadavoidedbuyingtheexpensivecostume,butfinallysheagreed.ThenextdayTomappearedasthepowerfulSuperman,showingoff…AndTom,withthestrengthofhisfantasy,successfullymadeitthroughtheoperation.28.WhenTomwentforthethirdoperation,he________.A.pretendedtobepainfulB.actedlikeasuperheroC.appearedinpoorspiritsD.arguedwithhismotherThedaybeforehisthirdt303.推理判断题解题策略◆透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思；对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。3.推理判断题解题策略313.推理判断题常见的命题形式◆Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.◆Wecanconclude(得出结论)

fromthepassagethat_____.◆Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?◆Whatisthepurpose(目的)

ofthispassage?◆Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3.推理判断题常见的命题形式◆Thepassageim32Whenyouseepeopleexhibitingsomegreatskillsorhavingachievedgreatsuccess,youknowthattheyhaveputinahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.It’ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalent,butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andthere’sahugechancethatyou’rewronganyway.34.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskills.B.Peoplesometimessucceedwithoutluckortalent.C.Peopleneedtoachievesuccessatthecostoflife.D.Ithelpstothinkthatluckortalentleadstosuccess.Whenyouseepeopleexhibi334.语义/词义理解题解题策略◆同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。◆反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。◆释义法

对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。

◆情景推断法、代词替代法等4.语义/词义理解题解题策略34However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast10.000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.32.Inparagraph2,theunderlinedwordthatrefersto_______.A.puttinginmoretime.B.settingapracticalgoal.C.beinggoodatsomething.D.succeedinginlifeHowever,tosucceedinlif35Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven’tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.42.TheunderlinedexpressioncuttingedgeinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.advancedtechniqueB.sharpeningtoolC.dividinglineD.effectiverule

Inthebattleagainstchea36Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.31.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.earlyB.sweetly C.quickly D.smoothlyCandogsandcatslivein375.作者的意图、观点和态度题解题策略◆干扰项可能考生自己的某种观点。◆干扰项社会普遍的一种倾向，但文中没有信息支持◆干扰项与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等

问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度。如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。5.作者的意图、观点和态度题解题策略◆干扰项可能考生自己38Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein…camethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination…

Thepowerofimaginationneednotbereservedforchildrenonly;weallhavethepowertouseourfantasiestoattemptthingswenev