主谓一致知识梳理 讲义-高考英语语法专题

高考英语语法知识点梳理主谓一致主谓一致的分类一、“不确定数量”的单词或短语作主语一、“不确定数量”的单词或短语作主语1.“allof，someof，halfof，mostof+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。Allofthecakehasbeeneaten.蛋糕全吃完了。（cake用单数）AllofusaregoingtoSam’spartynextweek.下周我们都去参加山姆的聚会。（us用复数）Halfoftheapplesarerotten.一半的苹果烂了。（apples用复数）Halfoftheappleisrotten.这苹果的一半烂了。（apple用单数）Someoftheworkisreallydifficult.有部分工作的确很难。（work用单数）Someoftheproblemswefacetodayarethedestructionofourenvironment.当今我们面临的问题是环境的破坏。（problems用复数）Mostofmyfriendsliveabroad.我的朋友大多数住在国外。（friends用复数）Mostofthecheeseismadefromcow’smilk.这些奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。（cheese用单数）2.“therestof，themajorityof+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。Therestofthestudentsarewateringtrees.其余的学生正在浇树。（students用复数）Therestofthewinehasgonebad.剩下的酒已经变质了。（wine用单数）Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.这次的大部分损害容易补救。（damage用单数）Themajorityofhisbooksarekeptupstairs.他的大部分书藏在楼上。（books用单数）3.“alotof/lotsof，plentyof，alargequantityof+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。Thereisplentyofcoalinthisarea.这个地区有丰富的煤。（coal用单数）Plentyofforeignfirmshavesetupfactorieshere.很多外国公司已在这里开办了工厂。（firms决定谓语动词用复数）Alotoffoodhereisdelicious.这儿很多食物都很好吃。（food用单数）Lotsofpeopleherelikedancing.这儿很多人都喜欢跳舞。（people用复数）Alargequantityofbeerwassoldout.大量的啤酒被售出。（beer用单数）Alargequantityofblouseswereonsale.大量罩衫有售。（blouses用复数）【提示】“quantitiesof+可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词都用复数。Quantitiesofwaterwerewastedinthistownlastyear.这个镇去年浪费了大量的水。TherewerelargequantitiesofshoppersjustbeforeChristmas.圣诞节以前购买东西的顾客非常多。4.“avarietyof，agroupof，acrowdof，agoodmany，anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Thereareavarietyoftoysinthisshop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。Agroupoffrogsweretravelingthroughtheforests.一群青蛙正在穿越树林。Acrowdofcattleweredottedaroundthegrasslandwithalittleboysittingonarock.一群牛羊分散在草地上，一个男孩坐在一块岩石上。Agoodmanypeopleagreewithus.许多人与我们意见相同。Anumberofbooksaremissingfromthelibrary.图书馆的许多书不见了。【比较】①Anumberofaccidentsalwaysoccuronrainydays.雨天常常有许多事故发生。②Thenumberofstudentsinthiscollegehasdoubled.这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。5.“名词化形容词”表示“一类人”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Thepoorgetpoorer；therichgetricher.穷者愈穷；富者愈富。Therejectedwereheapedinthecorner.废品堆在角落里。TheFrenchliketoeatwell.法国人很讲究吃。Thewoundedweresenthome.伤员们被送回家。【提示】“名词化形容词”表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse.真伪须辨分明。6.“akindof，atypeof，asortof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Thereisakindofroseonthetable，whichisveryexpensive.桌上放着一种玫瑰，价格昂贵。Atypeofbirdthatisnowextinctisthepassengerpigeon.现已消失的一种鸟是信鸽。7.“manya，morethanone+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。Morethanonepersonisinvolvedinthis.与此事有牵连的人不止一个。Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一个学生迟到。【比较】不止一个人来帮助我们。①Morethanonepersoncomestohelpus.（单数）②Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.（复数）8.“agreatdealof，alargeamountof+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Agreatdealofmoneyisspentonresearch.研究工作花了许多钱。Alargeamountofworkhasbeendonetostopthenoise.已做了许多工作来消灭噪音。主谓一致的分类二、“确定数量”的单词或短语作主语二、“确定数量”的单词或短语作主语1.“分数，百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。Twothirdsofwaterintheareahasbeenpolluted.这片区域三分之二的水都被污染了。（water用单数）Twothirdsofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.这个班三分之二的学生是女孩。（students用复数）About70percentoftheworkersinthatfactoryareyoungpeople.那家工厂70％的工人是年轻人。（workers用复数）Around10percentoftheforestisdestroyedeachyear.每年大约有10%的森林被毁。（forest用单数）2.四则运算（1）两数相减、相除，谓语用单数。Eightminusthreeis/makesfive=Threefromeightleavesfive.（8-3=5）Tendividedbytwoisfive.（10÷2=5）（2）两数相加、相乘，谓语可用单数或复数。Sevenandthreeis/areten.（7+3=10）Threetimesfiveis/arefifteen.（3×5=15）3.“eachof+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachofthetwoboyswascarryingasuitcase.两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子。Eachofthestudentshashisowndesk.每个学生都有自己的课桌。Eachofthemhasgotreadyforthepicnic.他们每人都为野餐做好了准备。Eachofuswasdeeplyfrightened.我们个个都惊恐万分。【比较】①Eachofyouhassomethingtosay.（each作主语，谓语动词用单数）②Weeachhavesomethingtosay.（we作主语，each作同位语，谓语动词用复数）4.“kindof，pairof，glassof+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由kind，pair，glass的形式决定。ThispairofshoesisTom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。Threepairsofshoeshavebeenpreparedfortheclimbing.为这次爬山准备了三双鞋。AglassofmilkisOK.一杯牛奶足矣。Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有两杯水。5.noneof+名词（1）“noneof+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。Noneofmoneyismine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。（2）“noneof+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数。Noneofthetelephonesis/areworking.没有一部电话是好的。Noneofushas/havebeentoAmerica.我们都没去过美国。6.时间、距离、金钱作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Tenyearsisalongtime.十年是一段很长的时间。Onehundredmileswascoveredinasinglenight.一夜走完一百英里。Theonedollarandeighty-sevencentswasallDellahadsaved.那一美元八十七美分是戴拉的全部积蓄。主谓一致的分类三、并列结构作主语三、并列结构作主语1.“and和both...and连接的并列主语”通常作复数。Plasticsandrubberneverrot.塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.散步和骑车是很好的运动方式。Riceandbreadaremyfavoritefood.米饭和面包都是我最喜欢的食物。BothTomandIarefondofmedicine.我和汤姆都喜欢医学。2.and连接“成双成对”的整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。aimandend目的breadandbutter面包抹黄油cartandhorse马车cupandsaucer一副茶杯与茶托eggandrice蛋炒饭forkandknife刀叉husbandandwife夫妻masterandservant主仆motherandchild母子needleandthread一根带线的针truthandhonesty真诚watchandchain一只带链的表Aknifeandforkisonthetable.桌上有一副刀叉。Eggandriceisherusualbreakfast.她早上通常吃蛋炒饭。Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.远处能看见有一套马车。Theyhiredacaranddriver.他们租了一辆配有司机的汽车。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.真诚是最好的策略。3.and连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，谓语动词用单数。Theteacherandwriterismyuncle.这位教师作家是我叔叔。TheprofessoranddoctorisaChinese.这位教授兼医生是中国人。Thegirl’steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.女孩的良师益友是一位年轻医生。ThefamoussingeranddancerhascometoBeijing.这位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家已经来到北京。【比较】①Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了。（一个人）②Thepoetandthewriterhavecome.那位诗人和作家来了。（两个人）4.and连接“each，every，no，manya+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstobethefirst.每个女孩，每个男孩