长难句结构分析经典

长难句结构分析经典100TheAanizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentoizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstoizetheires,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduce，[参考译文]因此，在的经济体系中消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的和个人想最大化其收入效用的相结合一起决定了什么应该被制，If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowingnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalns.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofExceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromotherstheireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.30我们社会中的一种中情绪那就是所有的公民不管其情况有多特殊应享有充分发展其能力的机会。Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonabletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamenternthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.27件法案来规范的条件，没有任何一个正式的商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在中的承诺。Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformationandthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolorofashirtissubtlypersuasive-advertisingwoundbesoboringthatnoonewoundpayanyattention.[参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就Theworkerswhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,whohavemeasurableresultstoshowforthereefforts.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time--consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethrougheconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.在这个结构里面竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour"wares"andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.anopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewertosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkee.[参考译文]这场辩论是由发动的请任何一个对英国有意见的Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofesssignalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Suchlarge,imalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners:andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheires,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliaralknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderAmongthemanyshafactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementaryschools:alaborforcethatedthenewtechnology；thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,"spatial"thinkingaboutthings：欢迎新技术的劳动者们发明者的做法；而且最重要的是人在对那些技：AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,"Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyandtheinventor..,areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist".RobertFultononcewrote,"Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheel,etc,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea".Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogramsand,tactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:"Thisbookstandsforreasonitself."Andsoitdoes-andallwoundbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就办了。30.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia'sdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.16北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症生命的Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingright-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.，之权的团体和澳大利亚医学地这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，。，InAustralia-whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpartotherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small--mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andillmanneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday--everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoff-spring--meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classcomparedtothetribe.，[参考译文]人与人在很大程度上的--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在土著部落中的情况相比中上层中已丧失了80％的自然选择中的优势。，Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybeevenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight--itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatonabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver--andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!"Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-domiatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavyalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJanpan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandLastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents".引入的自由主义革新削弱了民族"尊敬父母的道德品质"的时候，哗然Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization:fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,tow-generation[参考译文]随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：1.19亿公民，其中整整76％Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs--thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismhismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.任何时候都更供应充足式物质主义的者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的商却在三星级餐厅一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段的参与制的，他的却就读于私立学校。Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword"amateur"doescarryaconnotationthatconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotshareitsvalues.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedkingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthe19thcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthe20thcentury. 制度先是出现在19世纪的国家级 上后又在20世纪被几家地方级地质学Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow--levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead--scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Marethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomers'demands.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromotedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming"Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily."Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof"jugglingyourlife",andmakingthealternativemoveinto"downshiftingbringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline-afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate'80s-andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.[参考译文]在，这一返朴趋势是以经济的反应为开始的--那是在80年Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe'80s,down-shiftinginthemid'90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlift-growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone-asaalrecognitionofyourlimitations.[参考译文]对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'11beappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadinTherearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsaoneButifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleast'afewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealButthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediaydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.98％的不相关部分，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thisofGDP.[参考译文]OECD在其最近的《经济瞭望》中估计，如果石油价格与1998年的每桶13相比在一年中平均为每22这也只会给富裕的经济体的石油进口GDP0.25％0.5％。Onemrereasonnottoloesleepoertherieinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-pricei