英语 定语从句 人教

语法复习一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：

1.简单句（SimpleSentence)2.并列句（CompoundSentence)3.复合句（ComplexSentence)——定语从句编辑ppt(1)简单句的五大基本句型：

主语+连系动词+表语

主语＋及物动词＋宾语主语＋不及物动词＋状语主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补

Herfaceturnedredwithanger.Youcanconsidermysuggestion.

Thiskindofclothsellswell.Heexplainedthesentencetous.Hefoundtheworkhalfdone.编辑ppt（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。其结构是：简单句+等立连词+简单句（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。二.定语从句用于修饰名词或代词2.从句:由一个句子充当某个成份HehasstudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,buthecanreadandwritenow./Keeponandyouwillmakeprogress.Heisaphysicsteacher./Pleaseshowmeanotherticket./AustraliaisanEnglish-speakingcountry.1.定语：编辑ppt3.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语4.从句的位置：在名词或代词后5.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词6.引导词：引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词)7.引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置编辑ppt

作用例句作主语Wevisitedthefactorywhich\thatmakestoysforchildren.Mostmanagerswho\thatarepresentatthemeetingagreedtotheplan.作宾语Thestudentwhom\that\whoyouwanttoseehascome.Theletterwhich\thatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.作定语Thegirl

whosemotherisateacherworksveryhard.Theroomwhose

windowswerebrokenwasmine.作状语In1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.IstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.Thereasonwhyhemissedthespeechwasthathedidn’tcatchthebus.关系代词和关系副词的作用编辑pptConclusion引导词关系代词关系副词在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语主语或宾语定语时间地点原因状语状语状语在从句中作宾语可省去

先行词为whothatwhomwhichwhose人物/人人物某人/某物的WhenWherewhy编辑ppt关系代词和关系副词如何区别？1.Thereason_______hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.2.Thereason____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.3.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.4.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogetheratthattime.5.Thisisthefactory____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehouse_________Lincolnoncelived.Remember:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythat\whichthat\whichwhenthat\whichwhere编辑ppt7.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom________windowfacestothesouth.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_________isinthenorthofthecity.whosewhich8.(1)Iwillneverforgetthedays________westudiedtogether.(2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.whenthat

9.(1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.(2)Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.whythat10.(1)Wewillmeetatthesameplace________wemetlastmonth.(2)Wewillmeetatthesameplace________wevisitedlastmonth.wherethat编辑ppt

who,that

（先行词为人）有区别吗？1.用who不用that的情况：

(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractisemore.2.用that不用who的情况：

(1)当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个who等。（3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。HetalkedalotaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadrememberedthereWhoisthemanthatspoketoyoujustnow?Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.编辑pptwhich,that

(先行词为物）有区别吗？1.只用that不用which的情况：

(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词

（2）先行词既是人又是物。

（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every,who等修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hespokeofthethings

and

personsthathehadseenabroad.Thisistheverybook

thatIamlookingfor.Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.编辑ppt只能用which的情况:2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)Remember:Which在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。编辑ppt填一填比一比Thosewho_________(break)thelawwillbepunished.Anyonewho_________(break)thelawwillbepunished。Heisoneofthestudentsthat__________(come)fromAustralia.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat__________(be)praisedbytheteacheratthemeetingyesterday.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。breakbreakscomewasThisisoneofthemostinterestingbooks______wereonshow.(2)Thisistheonlybook_______weneed.(3)Thereisonlyalittle_______wecandotohelpyou.(4)Thisistheverydictionary______wearelookingfor.thatthatthatthat编辑ppt介词+关系代词先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which.关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用that或who,而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词+which1.Thisisthereason____________helefthishometown.(=why)2.I’llneverforgettheday___________westayed

together.(=when)3.Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.4.Theperson___________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.5.I’llshowyouastore__________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.(=where)6.Idon’tliketheway_________youlaughedather.(=that;\)forwhichonwhichfromwhom

towhominwhichinwhich编辑ppt问一问：1.Whose指物时，可以与其他结构互换吗？2.介词短语要提前吗？3.固定词组中的介词可以提前吗？Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebook________________________isblue.Thisisthebook____________________isblue.

thecoverofwhich

ofwhichthecover

Theycametoahouse,in

front

of

whichsatasmallboy.ThebabythatI’mlooking

forismysister’sdaughter.编辑ppt练一练：下列句子有几种译法？

1.这是我妈妈曾经住过的地方。2.那儿有一座山，山顶总是被雪覆盖着。

Translation:1.Thisistheroomwheremymotheroncelived.Thisistheroominwhichmymotheroncelived.Thisistheroom(which/that)mymotheroncelivedin.2.Thereisamountaintherewhosetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Thereisamountaintherethetopofwhichisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Thereisamountainthereofwhichthetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Congratulations!编辑ppt开动脑筋：看谁的句子最漂亮？1.Atravellerisapersonwho\thattravels2.Acomputerisamachine3.Aclockisamachine4.Afridgeisamachine5.Atailorisaperson6.Abeggarisaperson7.Ateacherisaperson8.Anurseisaperson9.Thepandaisakindofanimal10.AprilIstisthedaythatdoescountingmostquickly.thattellspeopletime.whichisusedtokeepfoodfresh.whomakesclothes.whomakesalivingbybegging.whogiveslessonstostudents.thatlooksafterpeoplewhoareill.thatcanbefoundonlyinChina.whichiscalledAprilFool’sDayintheWest.编辑ppt基础巩固(Correctmistakes)1.Doyoulikethebikeyourfriendgaveittoyou?2.ThisisthesmallvillagewhereIgrewupin.3.Thisistheveryplacewherewevisitedmanyyearsago.4.Therearetenstudentsareplayingbasketballontheplayground.5.EnglishisasubjectIaminterested.6.Theyoungmanwhomyouaretalkingwithhasgoneabroad.7.CanyoushowmethebookwhichhavebeentranslatedintoEnglishbySmith?8.Thedaywillcomewhicheveryonerealizethedangerofpollution.9.ThatisthemostdifficultproblemwhichI’veevermetwith.10.IwillneverforgettheyearonwhichwewerebothinAmerica.\（多词）（错用引导词）（漏引导词）（漏介词）（错用介词）（主谓不一致）编辑ppt想一想理一理学好定语从句最关键的是什么？定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句中担任状语。

2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。编辑ppt能力提升1.Thisisthebus__________Itooktheotherday.Thebus_________Iwenttoworkbrokedown.A.whichB.withwhichC.bywhichD.where2.Isthisflat_______________youoncelivedin?Isthistheflat____________youoncelivedin?Isthistheonlyflat________youoncelivedin?Isthistheflatin__________youoncelived?Isthistheflat____________youoncelived?Isthistheonlyflat________youoncelived?A.whichB.theoneC.thatD.where3.All_____________________weneedismoretime.All_______________isneededismoretime.A.thatB.whichC.\D.AandBwhichtheonewhich/thatthatwhichwherewherethat/不填thatbywhich编辑ppt4.

DoyouknowthedifficultyIhad_______outtheproblem?A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work5.All_____studiedthisquestion_______cometothesameconclusion.A.thathas;hasB.whohas;haveC.whohave;have6.Istherearestaurantaround_____Icanhavesomethingtoeat?A.whichB.whereC,thatD.what7.Theschool_____Istudiedtenyearsagois____wevisitedyesterday.A.where;thatB.that;whichC.where;theoneD.which;that8.Theman_________youmetjustnowwillgotoNanjingtohaveameeting.Whichofthefollowingcannotbeputintheblank?A.thatB.whomC.whichD.\E.whoBCBCCWelldone!编辑ppt

定语从句几种句型归纳：1.ThisisthemostexcitingfootballmatchthatIhaveeverseen.

2.Idon’tlikethewayinwhich/that/不填youlaughedatothers.3.Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlatethisweek.

ItisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.4.Thereasonwhy/thathedidn’tattendthemeetingwas

thathismotherwasseriouslyill.5.Thereasonforhisfailureisthathedidn’tworkhard.编辑ppt三.非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语从句要注意以下几点：（举例说明）1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。编辑ppt限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句用法与区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句“限”是先行词不可缺少的定语.如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确；“非限”只是附加说明。AllthepeopleweretalkingaboutthewonderfulclothTheemperorhadorderedtobewovenTheysetupastateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.“限”于主句之间不能用逗号隔开；“非限”与主句之间要用逗号隔开。Sheisthenursewholooksafterthechildren.Theletterisfrommysister,whoisworkinginBeijing.“限”可以用that引导；“非限”不能用that引导ThatistheverytoolthatwearelookingforIsawagoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch“限”的关联词作宾语时可省；非限则不可Iwillneverforgettheday（that）wespenttogetherthereHisdog,whichhelikedverymuch,diedyesterday.“限”一般只修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分IhavefinishedthenovelthatyoulentmeyesterdayHesuddenlyfellill,whichpreventedhimfromgoingtoschool.编辑ppt难点解析：关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词+whom\whichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy.2.介词短语+which\whomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.

3.不定代词或数词+which\whomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名词+ofwhichShementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.=shejoinedthearmyonthatday

=andawellliesinfrontofit.=andnoneofthembelongstome.=andoneofthemisLuxin=andIhaveforgottenthetitleofit编辑ppt

做做试试：1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_________hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson___________shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest______________isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,________________________treatedherwell,______madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_____________20aregirls;therestareboys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom编辑ppt你知道吗?As也可以用来引导定语从句.1.Heisnot

suchaman

asonlythinkofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethesamepen

as

Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。编辑ppt比一比：thesame(…)as…\\thesame(…)that….(1)ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.这支笔和我昨天丢失的一样(2)Thisisthe(very)samepenthatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔such/so…as…\\such/so…that…(1)Lastweekourmathsteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblemasnoneofusworkedout.(2)Itissuchaheavyboxthatnoonecanliftit.

试一试

Thisisthesamebookthat/asIlentyou.编辑ppt请讨论：as,which引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗？1.which的先行词可以是名词，as不可。(1)Themeeting,whichwasheldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.(2)Allthebooks,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.2.which和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不放句首。(1)Cruso’sdogbecameillanddied,whichmadehimverylonely.(2)Asweexpected,Ourfootballteamlostthematchagain.3.as引导的从句有(正如……),(就象……),(由……而知）等含义.(1)TaiwanisapartofChina,asisknowntousall.(2)Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows,(3)Theladyisverylearned,asissaidinthebook.编辑ppt定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和分词短语作定语的转换：(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.------TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammes________onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.------Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople________outsidetheCAACoffices.分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；

broadcastwaiting编辑ppt2.定语从句和并列句1.IhaveneverseentheTowerofLondon,whichusedtobeaprison.-----IhaveneverseentheTowerofLondon______thereusedtobeaprison.2.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.-----Isawsometrees,theleavesof________wereblackwithdisease.3.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof__________thereisapairofglasses.4.OnMay5wereachedBeijing,_______westayedforaweek.(=andthere)5.Inthereadingroomthereisatable,________youcansittheretoread.A.atwhichB.inwhichC.whereD.and6.Tom’smotherkepttellingTomnottosmoke,______didn’thelp.(=butit)分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键andwhichwhomwhereDwhich编辑ppt3.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer___________hecaneasilyfindit.(=where)Pleaseputtheletter_________hecaneasilyfindit.(3)Pleaseputtheletterinwhichhecaneasilyfindit.

这句子正确吗？分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。thatasinwhichwhere编辑ppt4.定语从句和with介词短语(1)Themanwithahatonhisheadismyfather.Theman___________ahatonhisheadismyfather.(2)Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Chinaisacountry___________alonghistroy.5.定语从句与不定式短语。Tomisthefirststudentwhoarrivedtoday.Tomisthefirst(student)______________today.6.定语从句和名词性从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3)_______isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_______TaiwanbelongstoChina.whohastoarriveAsthatwhichhas编辑ppt7.定语从句和强调句

(1)Itisinthisroom______Ilivedlastyear.Itistheroom_______Ilivedlastyear.(2)Itwasatseveno’clock________hewenttoschoolthismorning.Itwasseveno’clock_______hewenttoschoolthismorning.

分析：强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分去掉Itis/was….that/who…,句子照样成立。(1)Ilivedinthisroomlastyear.(2)Hewenttoschoolatseventhismorning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwherethatwhen编辑ppt8.定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews________ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.(2)Thenews__________hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.(3)Theproblem__________weshouldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou.(4)Theproblem__________heaskedmetosolveishardtosolve.分析：that引导同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容，在从句中不可省去，也不可用which替代。That/which引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/whichthatthat/which编辑ppt高考命题导向：1.________isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)A.untilB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.NMET2001)A.untilB.whichC.whenD.where3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what4.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET99)A.itB.thatC.whenD.whichAsCBD编辑ppt5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Theweatherturnedtobeverygood,________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it7.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.(NMET92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom8.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_______hadn’tbeenclea