SULYCHAINANDLOGISICS供应链及物流管理

SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICSEDITEDBYTHOMASBIWAYOFTRANSPORTByseaByairBylandCombinationofaboveINTERNATIONALTRADEAbilloflading(B/L)involvesShippedbillofladingReceived-for-shipmentbillofladingUncleanbillofladingCleanbillofladingStraightbillofladingOrderbillofladingNegotiablebillofladingINTERNATIONALTRADENon-negotiablebillofladingThroughbillofladingStalebillofladingOndeckbillofladingTransshipmentbillofladingBillofladinginship’sbagWhentochoosebyairWhenitistheonlywayavailableWhenvaluablegoodsarebeingshippedWhendelicategoodsarebeingshippedWhengoodsarephysicallyperishable,suchasfood,plantsandanimalsWhenurgentproductsareshipped,suchasmedicineWheneconomicperishabilitymayexistandmarketmustbetappedquicklyWhenmarketingimplementationiscriticalWhenverysmallshipmentsarelesscostlybyairthanbywaterWhentotalcostischeaperbyairthanbyseaINTERNATIONALTRADE2000年版《国际贸易术语解释通则》的13种贸易术语C组(主要运费已付)卖方的共同义务：1，办理运输的手续和承担运费，在CIF和CIP术语中，卖方还须办理投保手续和承担保险费;2，提交与货物有关的单据或相等的电子单证;3，办理出口手续。买方的共同义务：1，在CFR何CPT术语下办理投保并支付保险费;2，办理进口手续。

CFR贸易术语(CostandFreight)成本加运费，交货地点：装运港船上。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：装运港船舷。

CIF贸易术语(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)成本保险加运费，交货地点：装运港船舷。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：装运港船舷。

CPT贸易术语(CarriagePaidTo)运费付至，交货地点：交承运人。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货时。

CIP贸易术语(CarriageandInsurancePaidto)运费保险费付至，交货地点：交承运人。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货时。

D组(到达)卖方的共同义务：1，负责把货物运至约定的地点或目的地交货;2，卖方必须承担货物运至目的地前的全部风险和费用;3，由卖方办理出口手续，再DDP的情况下，还要办理进口手续。买方的共同义务：1，承担货物在目的地交付后的风险和费用。2，除DDP术语外，买方应办理进口手续。本组的风险转移全部是在：交货时。

DAF贸易术语(DeliveredatFrontier)边境交货，交货地点：边境指定地点交货。运输方式：路上运输。

DES贸易术语(DeliveredEXShip)目的港船上交货，交货地点：目的港船上。运输方式：海运内河。

DEQ贸易术语(DeliveredEXQuay)目的港码头交货，交货地点：目的港码头。运输方式：海运内河。

DDU贸易术语(DeliveredDutyUpaid)未完税交货，交货地点：制定目的地。运输方式：各种运输。

DDP贸易术语(DeliveredDutyPaid)完税交货，交货地点：指定目的地。运输方式：各种运输。

E组(发货)

EXW贸易术语(EXworks)工厂交货，卖方义务：交货义务，承担交货前的风险和费用。买方义务：必须承担在卖方所在地受领货物的全部费用和风险，办理出口结关手续。交货地点：卖方工厂。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货时。

F组(主要运费未付)卖方共同义务：1，履行交货义务;2，办理出口结关手续;3，向买方提交与货物有关的单证或相等的电子单证。买方共同义务：1，办理货物的运输和保险;2，办理货物进口手续。

FCA贸易术语(FreeCarrier)货交承运人，交货地点：交承运人。运输方式：各种运输。风险转移：交货时。

FAS贸易术语(FreeAlongSide)船边交货，交货地点：装运港船边。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：交货时。

FOB贸易术语(FreeOnBoard)船上交货，交货地点：装运港船上。运输方式：海运内河。风险转移：装运港船舷INTERNATIONALTRADE2010年版《国际贸易术语解释通则》中的两类11个术语第一类：适用于任何运输方式

CIP-CarriageandInsurancePaid运费/保险费付至目的地

CPT-CarriagePaidTo运费付至目的地

DAP-DeliveredAtPlace目的地交货

DAT-DeliveredAtTerminal目的地或目的港的集散站交货

DDP-DeliveredDutyPaid完税后交货

EXW-ExWorks工厂交货

FCA-FreeCarrier货交承运人

第二类：适用于海运和内河运输

CFR-CostandFreight成本加运费

CIF-Cost,InsuranceandFreight成本保险费加运费

FAS-FreeAlongsideShip装运港船边交货

FOB-FreeOnBoard装运港船上交货INTERNATIONALTRADEFinanceofexportinvolvesBillofexchange(汇票）Collectionarrangement（托收）Letterofcredit(L/C)（信用证）INTERNATIONALTRADEINTERNATIONALTRADEINTERNATIONALTRADEKindsoflettersofcreditCleancreditDocumentarycreditRevocablecreditIrrevocablecreditConfirmedcreditUnconfirmedcreditSightcreditUsancecreditPaymentcreditDeferredpaymentL/CAcceptancecreditNegotiationcreditRevolvingcreditTransferablecreditNon-transferablecreditRedclausecreditBack-to-backcreditReciprocalcreditArbitrationofinternationaltradeUNCITRAL-UnitedNationsCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw联合国国际贸易法委员会TheICCCourtofArbitration-InternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会仲裁院TheLondonCourtofInternationalArbitrationTheInternationalCenterfortheSettlementofInvestmentDisputesINTERNATIONALTRADEDecisionsofSCMStrategic-longtime,companystrategy,guidesupplychainpoliciesfromadesignperspectiveOperational-shorttime,day-to-dayoperationsEffortshouldbeefficientandeffectiveSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTMajordecisionareasinSCMLocationProduction(products,whichplantstoproduce,allocationofsupplierstoplants,plantstoDC’s,DC’stocustomermarkets.Inventory,bufferagainstuncertaintyTransportation(distribution)TherearebothstrategicandoperationalelementsineachofthesedecisionareasSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTSCMandTechnologyTotakethecustomerasthecenterToemphasizethecorebusinessandcompetitionofthebusinessenterpriseThedoublethathelpstomakewinstheprinciplemutuallyToturnexcellenttheinformationWirelessandlocationtechnologiesaswellasFRIDaremostinnovativetechnologiessituatedtotransformthebusinessofmovingproductsaroundtheglobe.SUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTLogisticsmanagementisthatpartofsupplychainmanagementthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointoftheconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers’’requirementsLogisticsManagementFourfeatures:Customersatisfactionasthemostimportantgoal.FocusingonthewholeoptimizationofthecompanyCenteringoninformationEmphasizingoutcomeaswellasefficiencyLogisticsManagementModernlogisticsisthecombinationoftheflowofproduct,information,fundsandlaborers.LogisticsmanagementincludesthreemainaspectsThemanagementoflogisticsactivitiessuchastransportandstorage.Themanagementofelementsinthelogisticssystem;i.e.laborers,funds,matterandinformation.Themanagementofconcretefunctionsinlogisticsincludingplanning,quality,technologyandfinance.LogisticsManagementThemanagementofElementsintheLogisticsSystemLaborers.LaborersarethemostimportantelementinlogisticsmanagementFund.FundsactasthemediaoflogisticsserviceMatter.Itreferstotheobjectsthatthelogisticssystemworkson,ductsandlaborinstrumentsandmeanssuchaslogisticsfacilities,toolsandexpendablematerial.Information.Plan,forecastanddynamicintelligencecomposethecontentsofinformation.LogisticsManagementWarehousemanagementBasiccomponentsofawarehouseSpaceEquipmentpeopleWarehousefunctionalityConsolidationBreakbulkandcrossdockProcessingandpostponementstockpilingWarehousemanagementWMSdirectstheoperationsthatfeedcomponentsandrawmaterialstoproductionFunctionalareaWMScharacteristicsReceivingBasicreceiving(Routinesforprocessingunplannedinboundorders)-Conventional(operater/Lifttruck)Advancedshipnotice(ASNs)orPurchaseorderreceiving-Conventional(Operator/lifttruck)-Automatic(Scanners/Conveyors)Storage/putaway(上架）Dedicated,randomorhybridstorageSystemoroperatorlocationselectionCrossdockingPutconfirmationviaRadioTerminalFunctionalareaWMScharacteristicsInventoryManagementRoutine&Exception-DrivenCyclecountingRules-basedstockrotation(FIFO,LIFO)Orderprocessing/pickingOrderGrouping&releasePrioritizationOrder,waveorbatchpickingPickconfirmationviaRadioterminalShippingOrderConsolidation&Staging(阶段）TrailerLoadSequenceManagementShippingCheckListsManifests,BillsofLadingWarehousemanagementAdvancedWMS’’supportQCSampling&MovementtoinspectionInventoryRelocation/ConsolidationForwardPickAreaReplenishmentTaskinterleaving(交叉，交错错）ShelfLifeMonitoringLotandserialnumbertracking(追溯性）AutomatedmaterialhandlingequipmentinterfaceInventoryquarantine,allocation,releaseCarrierscheduling/yardmanagement(停车场管理理）Manifesting/freightratingsubsystemsCompliancelabelingLaborstandardsperformancemonitoringOrderplanning&schedulingKitting(备件上线，，备货）/Pick&PackOrder/shipmentplanning&schedulingWarehousemanagementTrendinwarehousingmanagementRFID-frequencyidentificationTransportmanagementsystemPick-to-lighttechnologyVoice-activatedreceivingandpackaging3PLproviderstrytocutcostsandmanagementissuesbyoutsourcingtheirwarehouseanddistributionfunctions.WarehousemanagementTypesofinventory(stock)Everythingyouusetomakeyourproducts,provideyourservicesandtorunyourbusinessispartofyourinventory.InventorycontrolItemsDescriptionremarksRawmaterialsandcomponentsReadytouseinproductionWorkinprocessInventoryofunfinishedgoodsFinishedgoodsreadyforsaleconsumablesForexample,fuelandstationaryKeepingalittleandnoinventoryInventorycontrolAdvantagesDisadvantagesEfficientandflexibleMeetinginventoryneedscanbecomecomplicatedandexpensiveLowerinventoryandstoragecostsYoumightrunoutofinventoryifthereisahitch(故障）inthesystemYoucankeepup-to-dateanddevelopnewproductswithoutwastinginventoryYoumightdependentontheefficiencyofyoursuppliersKeepinglotsofinventoryalsohasbothadvantagesanddisadvantagesInventorycontrolAdvantagesDisadvantagesEasytomanageHigherinventory,storageandinsurancecostsLowmanagecostsCertaingoodsmightperishYouneverrunoutInventorymaybecomeobsoletebeforeitisusedBuffertheuncertaintyYourcapitalistiedupInventorylevelsdependontypeofinventory.InventorycontrolRawmaterialsandcomponentsWorkinprocessFinishedgoodsreadyforsaleComsumables

Howreliableisthesupply?DemandiscertainReliabilityofsupplyArethecomponentsproducedordeliveredinbatchesGoodsareproducedinbatchesExpectationsofpricerisesCanyoupredictdemand?YouarecompletingalargerorderHowsteadydemandisIsthepricesteady?DiscountsforbuyinginbulkAretherediscountsifyoubuyinbulk?Inventorycontrolmethods-decidewhat,whenandhowmuchtoorderMinimuminventorylevel––youidentifyaminimuminventorylevel,andre-orderwheninventoryreachesthatlevel.ThisisknownasRe-orderLevel(ROL)Inventoryreview-youhaveregularreviewsofinventory.AteveryreviewyouplaceanordertoreturninventorytoapredeterminedlevelJustinTime(JIT)-Thereisariskofrunningoutofstock,andqualitymayhaveproblem.InventorycontrolRe-orderleadtimeEconomicOrderQuantity(EOQ)BatchControlFirstin,firstoutCheckinginventory-rolling(cycle)stocktaking-annualandmid-yearstocktakingIncreaseinventoryturns增加库存周周转StockTurnover库存周转TOR=turnoverrate周转率InventorycontrolInventoryandpricingdataintegratingwithaccountingandinvoicingsystemsAutomaticinventorymonitoring,triggeringorderswhenthere-orderlevelisreachedAutomaticbatchcontrolifyouproducegoodsinbatchesIdentifyingthecheapestandfastestsuppliersBar-codingsystemswhichspeedupprocessingandrecording.InventorycontrolInventorycontrolsystemMultiplepricesforitemsPricesindifferentcurrenciesAutomaticupdating,selectinggroupsofitemstoupdate,single-itemupdatingUsingmorethanonewarehouseAbilitytoadapttoyourchangingneedsQualitycontrolandbatchtrackingIntegrationwithotherpackagesMultipleusersatthesametimeInventorycontrolSelectingasystemInventorycontroladministrationDeliveryandsuppliernotesforincominggoodsPurchaseorders,receiptsandcreditnotesReturnnotesRequisitionsandissuenotesforoutgoinggoodsInventorycantieupalargesliceofyourbusinesscapital.Soaccurateinformationaboutinventorylevelsandvaluesisessentialforyourcompanyaccounting.InventorycontrolLarge,jet-poweredairplanesrequirelongrun-wayfortakeoffsandlandingsAWB-AirWaybill,non-negotiableTheAWBisissuedusuallyinasetoftwelvecopies.Copies1,2and3ofAWBareoriginalsandhavethesamevalidity.Copy1-OriginalforCarrierCopy2-OriginalforConsigneeCopy3-OriginalforShipperCOD-cashondelivery货到到付付款款Inairfreight,theexporter(theconsignor)oftenengagesafreightforwarderorconsolidatortohandletheforwardingofgoods.AirtransportationTransshipmentindicatedinAirWaybilliftheAWBindicatestransshipmentwillormaytakeplace,thenthetransshipmentisallowedeveniftheL/Cprohibitstransshipment,providedthattheentirecarriageiscoveredbyoneandthesameairwaybill.SplitShipmentthesplitshipmentmeansthatportionsofashipmentcoveredbyoneairwaybillenterthecountryatdifferenttimes.AirtransportationTypesofAirWaybillMasterandHouseAirWaybillCleanversusFoulAirWaybillFoulAirwaybill-uncleanairwaybill,dirtyairwaybillorclausedairwaybillistheoppositeofthecleanairwaybill.COD-货到付款houseairwaybill(HAWB)航空分提单Masterairwaybill(MAWB)航空主提单Generalcargorates(GCR)普通货物费率率Specialcargorates(SCR)特殊货物费率率Classrate(CR)分类费率InternationalAirTransportAssociation;IATA国际航空运输输协会AirtransportationChargeableweightweightofsomelightthingsdependsonthevolume.Volume/6000or5000(dependsontheairlinecompanies)=kg,forwarderwillchoosetheheavieronetocalculatethefreight.Minimumchargeforanyconsignmentnochargelessthanthisminimumchargeshallbepaidtothecarrier.Theoreticallyspeaking,itrepresentsthelevelbelowwhichitwouldbeuneconomicaltotransportaconsignment,takingintoaccountthefixedcostsi