【名师面对面】2015中考英语总复习 第44讲 阅读理解(一)课件 外研版

英语第44讲阅读理解(一)阅读理解。(2014，扬州)WorldWarⅡlastedfrom1939to1945.Lifechangedforeverybody，includingwomenandchildrenbecauseofthewar.Millionsofpeoplelosttheirlivesduringthewar.The

Diary

of

a

Young

Girlwasarecordofthattime.ThebookwaswrittenbyagirlnamedAnneFrank.AnneFrankwasborninGermanyinJune1929.BecausetheGermanNazi(纳粹分子)hatedtheJews(犹太人)andwantedtokillthem，herfamilyhadtomovetoanothercountry.InJuly1942，theywentintohidinginasecretplaceinherfather'soffice.Duringthatdifficulttime，AnnekeptwritingdiariesuntilsheandherfamilywerediscoveredbytheNazisinAugust1944.TheywerecaughtandsenttoaNazicamp.Thenextyear，hermotherdied.Inthesameyear，sheandhereldersisterdiedofillness，beforethewarended.Afterthewar，herfathercollectedherdiariesandthebookThe

Diary

of

a

Young

Girlcameoutin1947.Ithasbeenputintoover30languagessincethen.Thebookhasbeenreadbypeopleallovertheworld.Inherdiary，Annewrotedownherthoughts，herfeelings，herhopesandherdreamsforthefuture，“Iwantthediarytobemyfriend，andI'mgoingtocallthisfriendKitty.”“Ican'tspendalldaycomplainingbecauseit'simpossibletohaveanyfun！...Everyday，Ifeelthebeautyofnatureandthegoodnessofthepeoplearoundme.Withallthat，whyshouldIbesad？”The

Diary

of

a

Young

Girlhasalsobecomeasymbolofthegreatnessofthehumanspirit.Itiscalledoneofthewisestandmostmovingrecordsonwar.1．InwhichyeardidAnnedieofillness？__D__A．In1939.

B．In1942.C．In1944.D．In1945.2．Accordingtothepassage，“Kitty”is__A__．A．herdiaryB．hereldersisterC．hermotherD．herhidingplace3．Whichofthefollowingistrue？__C__A．Annewaslazy,sadandcomplainedallday.B．ThebookismainlyaboutAnne’sschoollife.C．Annelovedlifethoughshewasindifficulttime.D．Thebookhasbeenputintonearly30languages.4．Fromthepassage,wecaninfer(推断)

__B__．A．AnnewasborninGermanyB．AnnewasaJewC．Anne'sfathercollectedthediariesD．AnnewasaNazi中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多考生在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文的长度和难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题。(一)主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。(二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。【例1】(2014，重庆B)Manypeoplehavegreatdifficultyinsayinggoodbye.Butfromgoodbyemoments，wecanalwayslearnsomething.Once，Ioverheard(无意中听到)afatheranddaughterintheirgoodbyemoment.Thefathersaid，“Iloveyou，Iwishyouenough.”Thedaughteranswered,“Daddy,ourlifetogetherhasbeenmorethanenough.YourloveisallthatIneed.Iwishyouenough,too,Daddy.”Theykissedandsheleft...Thefatherwalkedovertowardsme.Icouldseehewantedandneededacry.Hecameovertomeandasked,“Didyoueversayaforevergoodbyetosomeone？”

BeforeIcouldanswer,hewenton,“Iamoldandshelivesmuchtoofaraway.Iknowhernexttripbackwouldbeformyfuneral(葬礼)．”“WhenyouweresayinggoodbyeIheardyousay,‘Iwishyouenough.'MayIaskwhatthatmeans？”Hebegantosmile,“It'sawishthathascomedownfrommygreat­great­grandparents.Andmyparentsusedtosayittome.”Hestoppedforamomentandlookedupasiftryingtorememberit.Hesmiledevenmore.“Whenwesaid‘Iwishyouenough，'wewerewantingtheotherpersontohavealifefullofenoughgoodthings.”Then，turningtowardsme,heshared(分享)thefollowing“wish”fromhisheart.I

wish

you

enough

sun

to

keep

you

bright.I

wish

you

enough

rain

to

appreciate

the

sun

more.I

wish

you

enough

happiness

to

keep

you

alive.I

wish

you

enough

pain

so

that

the

smallest

joys

in

life

appear

much

bigger.I

wish

enough

hellos

to

get

you

through

the

final

goodbye.My

friends,I

wish

you

enough.1．Manypeoplewouldfinditdifficult__A_.A．tosaygoodbye

B．tooverhearothersC．tosharetheirwishesD．tolivetoofaraway点拨：细节理解题。根据首句“Manypeoplehavegreatdifficultyinsayinggoodbye.”得到答案。2．Howdidthefathergetthe“wish”？A．Thewriterwroteitforhim.B．Hisparentspasseditdowntohim.C．Theteachertaughthimatschool.D．Hisdaughtertoldhimaboutit.点拨：细节理解题。根据“It'sawishthathascomedownfrommygreat­great­grandparents.Andmyparentsusedtosayittome.”得到答案。答案：__B__3．Fromthepassage,wemaylearn_D__.A．thedaughterdidn'tunderstandhisfatherB．theoldmandidn'twanttoseehisdaughterC．thewriterknewtheoldmanverywellD．thefatheranddaughterlovedeachothersomuch点拨：归纳判断题。根据文章第二段和“Icouldseehewantedandneededacry.”知道A、B和C是错误的。4．Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“__C__”．A．FatherandDaughterB．ADifficultMomentC．WishYouEnoughD．ATripBackHome点拨：主旨概括题。文章大意为“作者通过一位父亲与女儿告别以及与该父亲的交谈，表达了作者对‘Iwishyouenough’的观点和想法。”故选C。Canadaisfamousforitswinterlifestyle，fortheseasonlastshalftheyearthere.AgreatexampleofthisistheQuebecWinterCarnival(嘉年华)．Quebecisanoldcitywithbeautifulhistoricbuildings，andmanyagreethatwinteristhebesttimetovisit.Thecitycomesaliveinthesnow，especiallyduringthewinterfestival.Peoplewhovisitthecoldcitycanfindtonsofthingstodothatwillmakewinterseemperfect.TheCarnivalhasamagicalicepalacemadewith9，000tonsofsnow，aboatraceontheSt.LawrenceRiver，andtwonightparades(游行)withfunnypeopleandcolorfulcars.Othersinterestingthingsincludea122­metericeslide，andalargefootballgame.Thereisalsoanexcitingdogsledracethatrunsthroughsixkilometersofthecity'sstreets.Withmorethan20teamsinthegame，thedogsledraceisnoisy，funandfullofgreatcheer.Evenbetter，artistsfromaroundtheworldcometoenterthesnowsculpture(雕塑)competition.Itisamazinghowtheseartistscanbringsnowtolife.TheQuebecWinterCarnivalhaseverythingforthewholefamilyandmore.Itissurelyagreatwaytoexperiencewinteratitsfullest.AnotherfamouswinterfestivalisontheothersideoftheworldinChina.KnownastheCityofIce，HarbinisthecapitalcityofHeilongjiangProvince，whichisnexttoSiberia.Inthewiner，itisverycold，andtemperaturestherecandropto30℃belowzero.Evenso，thecoldweathermakesthecitytherightplacefortheHarbinInternationalIceandSnowFestival.Thefestivalisheldeveryyear.1．Accordingtothepassage，manypeoplethink__D__isthebesttimetovisitQuebec.A．spring

B．summer

C．autumn

D．winter2．TheQuebecWinterCarnivalincludes__C__．①adogsledrace

②awinterswimming

③twonightparades

④asnowfight

⑤aboatraceA．①②③

B．②③④

C．①③⑤

D．③④⑤3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutHarbin？__A__A．ItisknownastheCityofIce.B．It'sfamousforitsfourseasons.C．ItisinNorthernChina，nexttoQuebec.D．Itholdsanexcitingfestivaleverymonth4．Thewriterwillprobablywriteabout__D__inthenextpartofthearticle.A．theQuebecWinterCarnivalB．theintroductionofHeilongjiangProvinceC．thesnowsculpturecompetitioninQuebecD．theHarbinInternationalIceandSnowFestival(一)(2014，绍兴)VickyZhaoisfromthemainlandworkinginHongKong.Forher，onethingshecan'tstandispeoplestandingonthewrongsideoftheescalator(自动扶梯)insubwaystations.“Escalatorshelpusmovefasterandsavetime.Itisn'taplacetorest，”the24­year­oldsays，“Ioftenseetouristsblocking(挡住)thewaywiththeirheavysuitcasesorchattingontheescalatorsduringrushhour.Itmakesmeveryangry.”Agreeingthatsheisnotthepatienttype，ZhaosaysthingsaremuchbetterinHongKongthanincitiesonthemainlandwherepeopleoftenpaynoattentionto“standright，walkleft”signs.Thereasonbehindtherule“standright，walkleft”seems

clear.Eventhoughyoumaywanttohavearestandjustwaitwhileyou'retransportedupordown,youshouldstillconsiderothersandleaveenoughspaceforpeopleinahurry,sothattheycanrunandtakethetrain.Butthepeoplewhostandonescalatorswilltellthewalkersnottobesoimpatient.Inarecentstoryabouttheescalatorrule，onestandersays.“Ifthepersonisinsucharush，whynotjusttakethestairs？”Manycities'escalators，includingLondon'sandBeijing's,usethe“standright,walkleft”ruletospeedupthemovementofpeople.(InAustraliancitieslikeSydneyyoushouldstandontheleftsideinstead.)Butsomecitiesdiscouragepeoplefrommovingonescalatorsoutofsafetyreasons.InHongKong'ssubwaystationspeopleareaskedto“standstill”on

escalators.Evenso，mostpeoplekeepthe“standright,walkleft”rule.Whatevertheescalatorruleisintheplaceyouliveinorvisit,dowhatmostpeoplearedoingandalwaysbemindfulofothers:leaveenoughspacebetweeneachother,don'tstayattheendoftheescalator,andifsomeoneisblockingyourway,asimple“excuseme”isenough.1．Accordingtothepassage，VickyZhao__B__．A．comesfromHongKongB．isa24­year­oldgirlC．wantstobeapatientpersonD．worksinasubwaystation2．Thepassagementionsthatpeopleareadvisednottomoveontheescalatorin__D__．A．LondonB．BeijingC．SydneyD．HongKong3．Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethatthewriter__C__．A．iscrazyabouttakingescalatorsB．agreestothe“stayright,walkleft”ruleC．tellsustoconsiderotherpeopleD．hasbeentoHongKongmanytimes4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage？__A__A．Get

it

rightB．Help

othersC．Take

stairsD．Move

fast(二)(2014，嘉兴)Haveyounoticedthenumberofpeoplelisteningtomusicveryloudlyonthetrainsandbuses？Theirmusicissoloudthatyoucanevenhearclearlywhatthesingersaresinging.Theproblemisthatthemusiciscomingoutfromtheirearphones!Doctorswarnyoungpeopleaboutthedangersoflisteningtomusicfromearphonessoloudlyforalongtime.IntheUnitedStates，studiesshowthatmusiciansandpeoplewhoworkatperformancehallshaveexperiencedhearingproblemsafterexposure(暴露)toloudmusicforjustupto30minutesaday.Thesepeopleslowlylosetheirhearingandneedtoturnupthemusicevenmoreloudlytohearitproperly，possiblycausingfurtherdamagetoit.Asweknow，theearhasthreeparts—theouterpart，themiddleearandtheinnerear.Therearetinyhairsintheinnerear.Itisthetinyhairsthatreceivethesound­wavesandthenchangethemintowhatthebrain(脑)canunderstand.Exposuretoloudnoisecandamagethetinyhairsandthiscauseshearingloss(损伤)．Usually，thiskindofhearinglosscanbetreatedifthenoiseisn'tverysuddenandloud.Exposuretoloudnoisefortoolongatimecancauselastingdamage.Peoplewithserioushearinglossmayneedtohaveanoperation，butevenaftertheoperationtheymaynothearaswellasbefore.Youknowyouhavebeenlisteningtoloudmusictoolongwhenyoustarthearingringingnoisesinyourear.Theymaybesignsthatthetinyhairsinyourinnerearhavebeendamaged.Sonexttimeyoulistentomusicusingyourearphones，makesureitisnotloudenoughforotherstohear.Rememberthatoncehearinglosssetsin，thereisnoturningback.5．Wecanprobablyreadthispassageinthe__C__partofanewspaper.A．newsB．sportsC．scienceD．advertisement6．Theunderlinedword“sound­waves”inParagraph3means__C__inChinese.A．声速

B．声调C．声波

D．声带7．Whenyouhearringingnoisesinyourear，itmeans__B__．A．yourmiddleearhasbeendamagedB．youmuststoplisteningtoloudmusicC．yourhearinglosscan'tbeturnedbackD．youneedtohaveanoperationonyourear8．Thewriterofthepassageistryingtoadvisepeopleto__A__．A．useearphonesproperlyB．listentomusicinpublicC．learnabouthearingproblemsD．understandthreepartsoftheear(三)9．GeorgesaysthattheInternethelpshimto__B__．A．playcomputergameswithfriendsB．keepintouchwithhisfamilyandfriendsC．makephonecallseasilyD．buyclothingfromaroundtheworld10．WhydoesWangLinthinkelectricityisthemostuseful？__D__A．Becauseitisn'treallyaninvention.B．BecausepeopleloveAlessandroVoltaverymuch.C．BecauseBenjaminFranklinlearnedhowtouseit.D．Becausemanyinventionscannotworkwithoutit.11．ForWendy，theairconditioneristhemostusefulbecause__B__．A．shehastoworkalotB．shelivesinaveryhotplaceC．sheoftengetssickD．shestudiesveryhard(四)(2014，包头)TedBrown'sdreamasachildwasanunusualone：hewantedtofly.Whatwasmoreunusualwasthewayinwhichhemadehisdreamcometrue.Afterhighschool，hewantedtojointheU．S.AirForcebuthefailedbecauseofhispooreyesight.However，hisdreamremained.Attheageof33，TedwasatruckdriverinLosAngeles.Oneday，whilesittingoutsideinhisgarden，hewatchedplanesflyoverheadandanideacametohim：touseballoons(气球)tofly.Afewweekslater，Tedbought42hugeballoons.Hetiedthemtoachairandthenhesatdowninthechairwithsomebeer，sandwichesandagun.Hisplanwastoflyto10metersabovehisgarden，enjoyafewhoursintheair，andthenshootsomeballoonswithhisguntogetbackdown.Butthingsdidnotgoasheplanned.OncehisfriendscuttheropesunderTed'schair，the42balloonsflewintotheskyatanastonishingspeeduntilabout4000metersabovetheg