unit 4 Grammar 知识点整理及练习 牛津译林版八年级上册英语

8AU4Grammar祈使句的用法一、祈使句的定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令。二、祈使句的标志：肯定祈使句以动词原形开头（祈使句的主语是第二人称，通常都省略。）句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。Bequiet!安静点！三、祈使句的句型(1)肯定结构：①Do型：动词原形+（宾语）+其他成分Remembertocallmewhenyouarrive!你到了之后别忘了给我打电话！②Be型：Be+表语（名词或形容词）+其他成分。Becareful!小心！③Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分Letusplaybasketball.让我们打篮球吧。(2)否定结构：①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加Don’t构成。Don’tworry.别担心。②Let型的否定式有两种：Don’s+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分Don’tlethimgetaway.=Lethimnotgetaway.别让他跑了③有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟！[经典例题](1)Whynotfillourliveswith________?Behappyand________everyday!A.happy;smile B.happily;smiling C.joy;smiling D.joy;smile(2)－Don'tforgettobringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.－________.A.OK!IwillB.OK!Iwon'tC.I'mafraidIwillD.I'mafraidIwon't (3)—____________yourgeographybookheretomorrow.Don’tleaveitathomeagain.—____________.A.Take;No,Idon’t.B.Take;No,Iwon’t.C.Bring;No,Idon’t.D.Bring;No,Iwon’t.(4)______thesaladinthefridgeforawhilecanmakeit_____better.A．Keeping;tasteB．Keep;taste C．Tokeep;tastesD．Keeping;tastes(5)Don’twatchtoomuchTV,_______?A.willyouB.won’tyouC.shallweD.doyou(6)_______outyourlove,andtheworldwillbecomeabetterplacetolivein.A.SpeakB.TospeakC.SpokeD.Speaking(7)—Sometimesmistakesarealsoourfriends.—Ithinkso.Weshouldn'tsay“_______”veryoftenwhenchildrentrydoingsomething.A.BepatientB.KeeptryingC.Don'tgiveupD.Don'tmakemistakes(8)—Mum,isthisbigcakeforus?—Sure,Mary,________itintopiecesandlet’sshareit.A.tocut B.cutting C.cut D.cuts(9)Ifyouwanttobecomea“do-it-yourselfer”,________toDIYclass.A.comeB.comingC.tocomeD.came(10)I’mhungry.Letusgooutforabiglunch,________?A.won’twe B.don’tyou C.shallwe D.willyou(11)—Kate,________thephone.I’mmakingabirthdaycake.—Coming,Mum.A.answersB.answerC.toanswerD.answering(12)_________lateagain,Bill!A.Don’ttobeB.Don’tbeC.NotbeD.Benot(13)_________crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Won’tC.Doesn’tD.Don’t(14)Let’sdoitatonce,_________?A.shallweB.willyouC.doweD.doyou答案：DBDAAADCADBBDAshould和hadbetter的用法一、情态动词should常用来表示劝告、建议或义务，意思是“应该”，可用于各种人称，其语气比must及oughtto委婉，后接动词原形。此外，should还可表示合理的推论，意思是“应该；理应”。Youshouldspendmoretimeoutofdoors.你应多点到户外透透气。二、hadbetter是固定词组，意思是“应该；最好”，后接不带to的不定式，其用法相当于情态动词，had没有人称或数的变化。hadbetter常用来提出建议，语气较强，往往含有强迫或命令的口气。该短语指的是现在或将来的情况，而不指过去。(1)hadbetter的简略式为：’dbetterYou'dbetterdoitnow.你最好现在就开始。(2)hadbetter的否定式是hadbetternot;疑问式是将had放在主语之前。You'dbetternotthrowawaythosebooks.你最好不要把那些书扔掉。(3)在反意疑问句中，疑问部分一般用“had+主语”但有时也可用“willyou”,表示一种请求或建议。You'dbetternotdothatagain,hadyou?你最好别再这样做了，好吗？[经典例题](1)—WhodoyouthinkIcantalkwith______afinaldecision?—Noone.You'dbetter______ityourself.A.tomake;notmakeB.making;make C.tomake;makeD.making;notmake(2)TomakeyourDIYworkperfect,you’dbetter________beforeyougetallthetoolsready.A.start B.notstart C.tostart D.nottostart答案：CB三、情态动词表猜测。1.肯定猜测“一定是”：mustShemustbesick,Tatianathought.她一定是病了，塔蒂亚娜心想。2.肯定猜测“可能是”：mayImaybebacknextyear.我可能明年回来。3.否定猜测“不可能”：can’tThatcan'tbehim.HeisinNewYorknow.那不可能是他。他现在在纽约呢。4.否定猜测“可能不”：maynot（很少考）Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.这可能不是个好的建议。[经典例题](1)—Whoismakingmuchnoise?—It____beTimmy.Heissleepingnow.A.can’t B.maynot C.mustn’t D.couldn’t(2)—Cathy,Ijusthelpedyoucleanupyourroom.—Thanks.Butyou________doit.Icouldmanage(设法完成)itmyself.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t(3)—DoyouhaveanyplansforthisSunday?—I’mnotsure.I_______gotothecountrysidetoseemygrandmother.A.can B.must C.may D.need(4)—IsthewomanoverthereLily’smother?—Oh,that_____behermother.Shelookssoyoung!A.shouldB.mustC.can’tD.may(5)—Wow,anothergift!What'sinthebox?—I'mnotsure.It_________beasmartphone.A.mustB.wouldC.mayD.should(6)—Willitbesunnythisafternoon?—It_________fine.Whoknows?Theweather(天气)alwayschangesquickly.A.mustbe B.willbe C.maybe D.canbe(7)You_______playinthenewskirtinthestreetoryou’llgetitdirty.ThenoteonthewallsaysNo.A.couldn’t B.mustn’t C.maynot D.needn’t答案：ACCCCCB【知识梳理1】Cutoutpiecesofcardwithapairofscissors.(P47)用一把剪刀剪出卡片。1.cut，动词，意为“切；割”，其现在分词为cutting，过去式为cut。Icutmyselfonaknife.我用刀时割伤了自己。[经典例题](1)Aftertheparty,thewholehousewasinamess(脏乱状态),sothehost________.A.

cutitup

B.

mixeditup

C.

pickeditup

D.

tidieditup答案：D【知识梳理2】Pleasedon’tgiveup.(P47)请不要放弃。giveup，意为“放弃”，同义词为stop，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。Shedidn'tgiveupworkwhenshehadthebaby.她生了