-Unit7 SectionA 被动语态专项讲解 课件 人教版英语九年级

被动语态（Passivevoice）Step1Leadin什么是语态？语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。Step2

Newlessons一、分类与概念英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(activevoice)和被动语态(passivevoice)主动语态(activevoice)表示主语是动作的执行者。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.被动语态(passivevoice)表示主语是动作的承受者。Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“系动词be+及物动词的过去分词（用done表示）”构成，be随着主语人称和数以及时态的不同而变化。TheTVismadeofplastic.ItwasmadeinChongqing.Asportsmeetingwillbe

hadinOctober.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtomaketheirowndecision.Aneveningpartyisbeinghavingnow.Myhomeworkhas

alreadybeendone.常见的4种形式的被动结构如下：1、一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+V-edThefirstsectionofNewCollegeEnglishisdesignedforspeakingpracticeandisbasedonpicturesandtopics.2、一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+V-edThesecomputersweremadeinourowncountrylastyear.3、一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall+be+V-edShallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?

4、含有情态动词的被动语态由“can/must/may/should…+be+V-ed”构成。Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtodrive.三、主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）图示：

主动句：They

clean

theclassroom.

主语③

谓语②

宾语①

被动句：Theclassroom

iscleaned

bythem.

宾语变主语①be+过去分词②

主语变宾语由by引出③(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。(3)变换步骤：

①将主动句的宾语变为主语。

注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Thisvillageissobeautifulthatmanyvisitorsvisititeveryyear.

→Thisvillageissobeautifulthatitisvisitedbymanyvisitorseveryyear.这个村庄很美，以至于每年有很多人来参观它。②将动词改为“be+过去分词”。

注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：Theyheldameetingyesterday．

→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday．他们昨天开会了。③将主动语态的主语改为by...，放在谓语动词后。

注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：Hesangasong．→Asongwassungbyhim．他唱了一首歌。Practice:1.TheSecondarySchoolEntranceExams_______(hold)inJune.2.Astrangenoise__________(hear)byhismotherlastnight.3.Awideroad________(build)betweenthetwovillagesbythosepeoplenextyear.isheldwasheardwillbuilt四、被动语态的几种特殊形式1.有些动词可以有两个宾语，直接宾语与间接宾语。Theydidn’tofferAnn

thejob.间接宾语

直接宾语在变为被动语态时:(1)间接宾语(通常指人)做主语，直接宾语依然保留在谓语后边。Ann

wasn’tofferedthejob主语(2)直接宾语做主语，需在间接宾语前加to或者for.Thejob

wasn’tofferedtoAnn.主语Shemademeacake.Acake

wasmadeforme.主语HismothergavehimapresentlastMonday.→HewasgivenapresentbyhismotherlastMonday.Myuncleboughtmeanewcomputer.→Anewcomputer

wasboughtformebymyuncle.Practice:Hermotherboughtheranewsweater.Anewsweater______________herbyhermother.Theteachergavemesomebooks.Somebooks________________mebytheteacher.I___________somebooksbytheteacher.Heoftentellsushisstories.

wasboughtforweregiventowasgiven2、“不及物动词+介词/副词”结构的短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态。但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。如：Theytookgoodcareofthepoorkids.

→Thepoorkidsweretakengoodcareofbythem.(of不可省略)Practice:Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.

Wecan’tlaughathim.

Oldmanshouldbespokento(byus)Hecan’tlaughedat(byus)3、若宾语和后面的宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，变为被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如：Theyencouragedustostudyhardeveryday.→Wewereencouragedtostudyhardeveryday.(tostudyhardeveryday为主语补足语)Practice:Hismotheroftentellshimnottoplayinthestreet.He____often____nottoplayinthestreetbyhismother.istold4、在主动句中，感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make等后接省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上动词不定式符号to。如：WeheardthemsingPekingOperainthetheater.→Theywereheard

to

singPekingOperainthetheater.Theymakehercleanthefloor.→Sheismadetocleanthefloorbythem.温馨提示后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时,宾语补足语部分不变。例如:WeheardJimplayingtheguitarinhisroom.→Jimwasheardplaying

theguitarinhisroom.Practice:Thebossmadehimworktwelvehoursaday.Hewasmade____________twelvehoursadaybytheboss.Isawherreadastorybook.She____seen____readastorybook.Theteachermadeustounderstandit.Wewere___________understanditbytheteacher.Ioftenhearhimplaythepianointhenextbook.Heisoften______________________thepianointhenextbook.Inoticedhimreadanovelinclass.He_____________________________anovelinclass.toworkwastomadetoheardtoplaywasnoticedtoread5、It+be+V-ed+that从句(=主语+be+V-ed+todosth.=People+V.+that从句)如say,believe,expect,think,know,report,write等。表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.Peoplesaythattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Practice:Itisreportedthatmanypeoplehavediedintheearthquake.Manypeople____________tohavediedintheearthquake.Itisbelievedthatsharkfinsaregoodforhumans.Sharkfins____________to_____goodforhumans.arereportedarebelievedbePractice:1.Theoldover90

notonlybytheirfamilybutalsobythegovernmentinmanyplaces.A.islookedat B.aretakengoodcareofC.aretakengoodcare D.islookingafter2.—DoyouoftenseeWilliam

ontheplayground?—No,butheisoftenseen

ChineseKungfuinthepark.A.run;play B.run;toplayC.running;play D.running;toplay

五、主动语态不能变成被动语态的情况:1、不及物动词没有被动语态。Thepricehasbeenrisen.(F)Thepricehasrisen.(T)Mydreamhasbeencometrue.(F)Mydreamhascometrue.(T)2、系动词无被动语态。Appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,sound,stay,taste,turn,smelle.g.Itsoundsgood.Thesteelfeelscold.Themethodproved(tobe)effective.3、当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。Hemadehimselfacupofcoffee.Theyhelpeachother.4、当宾语是不定式或V-ing时。Weallwanttobeteachers.5、当宾语表示数量、重量、大小或程度。

Thejadeweighsoneton.6、表示主语主语本身的特征，动词sell,write,wash,read,cook,break等受到副词well,easily,badly的修饰，主动形式表被动。e.g.:Thebook_____(sell)well.Thekindofclothes______(wash)easily.sellswashes7、主动形式表示被动：①sth.need/want/requiredoing相当于sth.need/want/requiretobedone(不定式的被动结构)。例如:Yourroomneedscleaning.=Yourroomneedstobecleaned.你的房间需要打扫了。我的车需要修理。Mycarneedsrepairing.=Mycarneedstoberepaired.Practice:Mydeskisbroken.Itneeds_______(repair)②beworthdoing(值得做)中的doing表示被动含义。例如:Themovieisworthwatchingbyeveryone.这部电影值得所有人看一看。

repairing=toberepaired六、被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+p.p.”表示动作时是被动语态;“be+p.p.”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。(1)含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者,此时为被动语态。例如:Thewindowisbroken.窗户坏了。(系表结构)Thewindowisbrokenbyme.窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)(2)句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般是被动语态。例如:Thedoorwasclosed.门是关着的。(系表结构)Thedoorwasclosedat9:00.九点钟关的门。(被动语态)3)系表结构中常用介词搭配,被动语态中没有介词搭配。例如:We’reworriedabouttheboy.我们担心那个男孩。4)系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。例如:I’mreallysurprisedatthenews.我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。(5)系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态可用于多种时态。七、被动语态的用法：1、不知道动作的执行者。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。2、没必要指出动作的执行者。Hewasbornin1980.他出生于1980年。3、需要强调突出动作的承受者。Sheislikedbyeveryonehere.她被这儿所有人喜欢。4、动作的发出者不是人。Mydogwaswashedawaybytheflood.我的小狗被洪水冲走了。Step3Practice1.Manytreesandflowers

inourschoollastyearandtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.A.haveplanted

B.areplantedC.wereplantedD.willbeplanted2.Theroom

everyday.Youcanliveinnow.A.cleans B.iscleaningC.iscleaned D.has