【课件】Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures不定式作定语和状语课件-2021-2022学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Book3Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLearningObjectivesBytheendoftheclass,you’llbeableto:1.studyinfinitivesastheattributiveandadverbial2.useinfinitivesastheattributiveandadverbialStep1Lead-in1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplorespace.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.Whatarethefunctionsoftheunderlinedpart?Step1Lead-in1.Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswanted

tolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofind

answers.2.Theymake

vehicles

tocarry

bravepeopleintospaceto

find

out

thesecretsofthe

universe.3.Forexample,America'sNASAspace

agency

launchedVoyager1on5September1977

tostudy

deepspace,anditstilltransmits

data

today.Findmoreexamplesfromthisunit.

4.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadand

disappointed,

butthe

desire

toexplore

theuniverseneverdied.5.Chinabecame

thethirdcountryintheworldto

independentlysend

humansinto

spacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthinthe

Shenzhou5spacecraft.6.This

signalled

onestepfurtherinChina’splanto

establish

aspacestationinthefuture.

Step2Presentation不定式的定义

不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,

由“todo

”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时保留动词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动词不定式的时态和语态Step2PresentationStep3

作定语1.

Ihavenodesiretowrite.2.

TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive.3.Therewasnothingtobedone.4.

Ihavealottosay.5.

Ihavenoideawheretogo.6.TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.句子成分用法不定式在句中中作___________1.可修饰：2.多置于被修饰词___________3.多表示_____________的动作。观察总结定语名词或者代词之后作后置定语未来的Step3

作定语1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.2.Hemadeapromisetocomehereontimetomorrow.3.Ihavenodesiretowrite.4.thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecouragetofacethechallenge.5.Hisabilitytogetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.总结1.抽象名词ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream等后常用不定式作定语。观察总结高考链接语法填空Thiscanbeusefulforbusinesssuchasrestaurantsandsttoresbecauseitoffersanewway_____________(attract)customers.toattract

Step3

作定语1.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.3.Itisrecognizedthatheisthebestmantodothejob.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.总结2.序数词、形容词最高级和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。观察总结高考链接语法填空(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthe

moon.toland

Step3

作定语1.Ihavenothingtofearbutfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout/tobeworriedabout.总结3.somthing,nothing,anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式。4.在therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。Step3

作定语1.Givemeapen

towritewith.2.Heislookingforaroom

tolivein.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.Hereisapieceofpaperforyoutowriteon.总结5.作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Step3

主动/被动？1.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.2.Thecompetitiontobeheldnextyearwillsurelyattractmanyinternationaltourists.3.Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.总结1.不定式的动词与被修饰词存在主谓关系，用不定式的主动式；2.不定式作定语时，如果和前面的名词存在动宾关系，则用不定式的被动形式。3.如果句子主语发出不定时的动作，即使不定式和前面的名词存在动宾关系，也多用不定式的被动式。观察总结高考链接1.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain___________.(天津高考)A.catchingB.caughtC.tocatchD.tobecaught2.Theairport________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthsiarea.CtobecompletedStep4

作状语1.Scientistsworkhardtofindoutthesecretsoftheuniverse.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.4.I'mafraidthewholeprocessistoocomplicatedtoexplaininafewwords.5.Weweresurprisedtofindthathehadalreadyleft.观察总结句子成分用法不定式在句中作______________1.可表示：________________2.常见结构有：目的、结果或原因状语inordertodoadj+enoughtodo/tootodoStep4

作状语1.Tolearnalanguagewell,youmustmakepaintstakingefforts.2.Heranfastallthewaysoastocatchthefirstbus.3.Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhardtillmidnight.动词不定式作目的状语，可位于句首或者句末，

常用结构有inorderto和soasto,但soasto不可位于句首。

高考链接1._____________uspreparefortheexam,theteacheresuggestedreadingthroughoutnotes.(天津高考)A.TohelpB.HelpedC.HelpingD.Beinghelped2.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallance,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.（2021浙江语法填空改编）Atoplant1.Iamsoexcited

tobe

here!2.Iammorethandelighted

tobe

withyou!3.Sheisproud

tohavewonthefirstplace.4.Heisglad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.

动词不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语+be+形容词+todo”结构中，此类形容词多是anxious,glad,excited,disappointed,lucky,proud,sorry,shocked,worried等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。Step4

作状语1.Heboughtabookandwassurprised_________(find)apictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesamegardenashisfather’spainting.2.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_________(watch)anythingthathappenedtobeon.tofindtowatchStep4

作状语1.Yesterday,Iwenttoseeheronlytolearnthatshehadgoneabroadaweekbefore.2.Thetravelerlookedupsuddenlytofindaleopardinthetree.3.Helefthishometownwhenshewasten,nevertoreturn.动词不定式作结果状语，常常含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only或butonly,以加强语气。Step4

作状语高考链接Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.tobetoldStep5

语篇演练 Hello,mydearfriends!Iamgreatlyhonoured________(share)theeventwithyou.Thethemeoftheactivityis___________(introduce)Chinesetraditionalculture.Duringthismonth,therewillbevariousactivitiesforyou____________(experience)therichandcolourfulChineseculture.Youwillhaveachance___________(make)paper-cuttingor____________(appreciate)Chinesearts. Therewillbesomelecturesforyou_________(attend),_______isbeneficialtoyourunderstandingaboutChina.________(learn)moreaboutChina,don’thesitate_________(contact)usandbethefirst________(sign)upfortheactivity.tosharetointroducetoexperiencetomaketoappreciatetoattendwhichTolearntocontacttosignStep5语篇演练Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal_________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,__________(use)currenttechno