Unit 1 Reading and Thinking Language points 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit1Peopleofachievement1.vitaladj.至关重要的(beofthegreatestimportance);生死攸关的重

点

单

词

单句填空①Enoughsleepisvital____________thestudents’well-beingandhealth.

②Itisvitalthatwe_____________(take)measurestopreventthediseasefromspreading.

③AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisvital____________(raise)people’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.

to/for(should)take

toraise(1)bevitalto/for...对……重要itisvitaltodo...做……是重要的itisvitalthat...(should)dosth重要的是……(2)vitallyadv.极其;绝对

一句多译重要的是,我们应从失败中吸取教训。正如谚语所说:“失败乃成功之母。”④_________________________________somethingfromfailure.Justasthesayinggoes,“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”(主语从句)

⑤_________________________________somethingfromfailure.Justasthesayinggoes,“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”(it作形式主语)

What’svitalisthatweshouldlearnIt’svitalthatwe(should)mitvt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)(promisesincerely)vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(devote)单句填空①Thelocalgovernmenthascommittedlargeamountofmoney___________housingprojects.

②Thegovernmentcommitted____________(it)toreducingtaxes.

③Thepoorwomanmadea______________(commit)thatshewouldtakecareofherchildrenforever.

④Thecontractcommitshimto____________(play)forthenextthreeyears.

toitself

commitmentplaying(1)commitsbto(doing)sth使某人承诺(做)某事commitoneselfto(doing)sth答应(做)某事commitsuicide/acrime/amurder自杀/犯罪/谋杀(2)makeacommitment做出承诺3.evaluatevt.评价;评估(assess)单句填空①Thestudentsshouldrewritetheirpapersandsubmitthemfortheirfinal_____________(evaluate).

②Don’tevaluatepeople____________theirclothes.

evaluationon(1)evaluateon根据……评价某人(2)evaluationn.评估4.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得(receive,get)vi.(规章、习俗等)存在(exist);流行单句填空①Furtherinformationcan____________(obtain)fromheadoffice.

②Theresultsareobtained________repeatedexperiments.

③Firsteditionsofthesebooksarenowalmostimpossible________(obtain).

④John____________(obtain)hisparents’permissionbeforehewentabroad.beobtainedthroughtoobtain

hadobtained(1)obtainsthfromsb/sth从某人/某物获得某物obtainsththrough通过……获得(2)obtainable(=available)可获得的注意get、obtain、acquire、gain都含“得到;获得”的意思。get指“以某种方法或手段得到某种东西”,如:DidyougetmytelegramlastSunday?上星期天你收到我的电报了吗?obtain是较正式用语,常指“通过努力工作、奋力或请求而得到所需的东西”,如:Heobtainedexperiencethroughpractice.他通过实践获得了经验。acquire强调“经过漫长的努力过程而逐渐获得”,如:Weshouldtrytoacquiregoodhabits.我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。gain往往指“通过努力或有意识行动而获得某种有益的东西”,如:Ihopeyouwillgaingreatersuccess.我希望你们能获得更大的成就。5.acknowledgevt.承认(acceptoradmit);确认;答谢单句填空①Hefinallyacknowledged________________(make)amistake.

②________isacknowledgedthattheshortestdistancebetweenpersonsisasinceresmile.

havingmadeIt(1)acknowledgesb/sthtobe/as...认为某人/某物是……;承认某人/某物是……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承认做了某事acknowledgethat...承认……Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公认的(2)acknowledgementn.承认;感谢一句多译众所周知,除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界,否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。③_______________________________________________________unlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.(it作形式主语)

④____________________________________________unlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.(定语从句)ItisacknowledgedthatwecanneverexpectabluerskyAsisacknowledged,wecanneverexpectabluersky6.defeatn.失败;挫败(failuretowinortobesuccessful)vt.击败;战胜(winavictoryover)用defeat、beat、win的正确形式填空①We_________________theirteambytenpoints.

②Jack____________theraceatlast.

③Inthatbattle,oursoldiers____________theenemy.

④Attheschoolsportsmeeting,myclass_______________Class3and________thebasketballmatch.defeated/beatwon

defeated

wondefeated/beat(1)defeatsbinamatch在比赛中击败某人defeat...by以……战胜(2)admit/acknowledgedefeat承认失败sufferdefeat遭受失败注意defeat/beatdefeat和beat都可以表示在比赛或竞争中打败某人或某个团体;defeat还可表示在战场上打败敌人,beat还可意为“(连续/有规律地)敲打;(心脏等)跳动”winwin的宾语多是game、war、prize等,不能是人或比赛方7.conclusionn.结论;推论单句填空①Johnsaidhecouldconclude___________Jane’sexpressionthatJanehadstolenhismoney.

②In_____________(conclude),Iwouldliketothankeverybodywhohelpedme.fromconclusion(1)draw/cometo/reachaconclusion得出结论makeaconclusion下结论bring...toaconclusion使……结束inconclusion最后;总之(2)concludevt.&vi.断定;推断出;结束;终止;达成;缔结(协定)concludesthwith...以……结束某事concludesth(fromsth)=conclude(fromsth)that...(从……中)推断出……toconclude总而言之;最后注意表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有inshort、inbrief、inaword、allinall、tosumup、brieflyspeaking等。8.circumstancen.[usuallypl.]条件;环境;状况(condition)in/undernocircumstances决不(置于句首,句子要用倒装语序)in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下;既然这样in/underanycircumstances在任何情况下ifcircumstancesallow/permit如果情况允许9.foundvt.创立;建立(establish,setup);把……建立在(base)单句填空①Hewasoneofthe____________(found)oftheuniversity’smedicalfaculty.

②TsinghuaUniversity,_____________(found)in1911,isoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.

foundersfounded

(1)foundon/upon建立在……之上;以……为基础或根据(2)foundern.建立者;发起人foundationn.基础;基金1.insiston坚持;一定要短

语

句

式单句填空①Theoldmaninsisted___________stayingwithmeintheforestthatevening.

②Iinsistedthatthey________________(wait)forourreturn.

③Mikeinsistedthathe___________(be)right.

on/upon(should)waitwasinsiston/upon(doing)sth坚持(做)某事insist后接从句时,表示“坚持说”,从句用陈述语气;表示“坚持要求”,从句用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”。注意insiston指的是坚持认为、坚决主张或坚决要求,其后接名词或动名词作宾语。stickto指的是坚持立场、观点、原则、决定、计划、诺言、意见等,有“执意不改变”之意,通常后接名词或代词。2.takeup占用(时间/空间);继续;开始(从事);接受(adopt);拿起写出下列句子中takeup的含义①PlayingcomputergamesandwatchingTVtakeupmuchofmysparetime.

②Whendidyoutakeuppainting?

③TomtookupthestorywhereJohnhadleftoff.

④Areyougoingtotakeupthechallenge?

⑤MrsGreentookupherbagandlefttheroom.

占用开始从事继续接受

拿起takeaway带走;夺走takeback收回(说过的话)takedown写下;记下;拆除take...forgranted认为……理所当然takein吸收;接纳;领会;欺骗takeoff脱掉(衣服等);(飞机)起飞;(事业)腾飞takeon呈现;雇用;承担;从事takeover接管;接手;接替3.非限制性定语从句Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.后来,这种药物被用于在疟疾患者身上做试验,大部分人都康复了。单句填空①Morethantwentypeoplewereinjuredintheaccident,mostof_________wererushedtohospitalnearby.

②Cooperationorteamwork,theimportanceof__________isstressed,playsanimportantpartinfootballmatches.

whomwhich本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句是themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句。“不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句时可在从句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。注意在非限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;先行词指物时,关系代词用which。Thenewly-builtcafé,thewallsofwhicharepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.新建的咖啡馆,墙粉刷成淡绿色,这里对我们来说真的是一个安宁的地方,尤其是在劳累的工作后。4.独立主格结构Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.他为世界做出了许多贡献,其中最著名的是广义相对论和E=mc2公式。单句填空①Thework________(finish),theylefttheofficeandwenthome.

②Theexam___________(hold)tomorrow,Icouldn’tgotothecinematonight.

③Thestudents_____________(do)alltheexercises,theteacherwentontoexplainthetext.

④She________(be)absent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.

finishedtobeheld

havingdonebeing(1)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;但有时分词(短语)有自己的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,独立主格结构在句中作状语。(2)独立主格结构的基本形式:①名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动和进行)②名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动和已经完成)③名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)④名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)⑤with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语/副词/动词不定式1提升练习1.Heheldanumberof

(patent)forhismanyinnovations.2.Overtheyearsseveralsimilar

(theory)havebeenputforward.3.(2021·天津第一次)Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequires

____

(commit)toaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.4.(2020·全国Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmoved

___

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.5.Theweatherturnedouttobefine,