高一英语课件：5英汉对照（外研版必修3）

高一英语课件：5英汉对照（外研版必修3）Philosophers

of

Ancient

ChinaAncient

China

was

a

place

where

states

were

often

at

war

with

each

it

was

also

a

time

when

there

were

many

great

philosophers.Confucius(551

BC－479BC)is

the

philosopher

whose

influence

has

been

the

stressed

the

importance

of

kindness，duty

and

order

in

society

was

influenced

by

these

ideas

for

more

than

2,000

years.Mencius

was

a

thinker

whose

teachings

were

very

similar

to

those

of

was

born

in

372

father

died

when

he

was

young，and

he

was

brought

up

by

his

became

a

student

of

Confucius’s

ideas，and

was

then

given

an

important

position

in

the

government

of

a，when

he

saw

that

the

ruler

was

not

following

his

advice，he

many

years

he

travelled

from

state

to

state，teaching

the

principles

of

then

became

an

adviser

to

another

ruler.He

spent

his

last

years

preparing

a

book

of

his

teachings

called

The

Book

of

believed

that

the

reason

why

man

is

different

from

animals

is

that

man

is

taught

that

if

the

government

was

kind，then

people

would

be

believed

that

people

were

more

important

than

rulers，and

hated

the

state

when

it

treated

people

badly.Mozi

was

another

teacher

who

was

very

in

476

BC，he

came

from

a

family

which

was

very

became

famous

for

his

unusual

clothes

and

founded

the

philosophy

called

some

ways，his

beliefs

were

similar

to

those

of

example，he

considered

that

government

was

most

a

result，he

spent

many

years

trying

to

find

a

state

where

people

would

follow

his

believed

that

all

men

were

idea

of

love

was

different

from

the

Confucian

idea

of

taught

that

we

should

love

all

human

beings

and

look

after

those

who

are

weaker

than

hated

the

idea

of

died

in

390

BC.,古代中国的哲学家古代中国各诸侯国之间战事连连，但那也是一个产生了许多很大的哲学家的时期。孔子(公元前551年—公元前479年)是最具影响力的哲学家。他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。这些思想一直影响了中国社会两千多年。孟子是一位思想家，他的学说和孔子的很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，他早年丧父，由其母亲抚养成人。他继承了孔子的思想，后来在一个诸侯国身居要职。然而，当看到统治者并不采纳他的建议时，他便辞官而去。他周游列国多年，到处传播孔子的思想。之后他成为另一个诸侯国国君的谋士。他把最后几年时间都花在了写《孟子》上，这是一本有关他的学说的书。孟子认为人之所以不同于动物是因为人是向善的。他教导说如果政府施行仁政，人民就会向善。他认为人民比统治者更重要，并憎恨虐待民众的国家。墨子是另一位极具影响力的先哲。公元前476年，他出生于一个贫困家庭。他因其与众不同的着装及行为而著名。墨子创立了墨家思想。在某些方面，他的思想和孔子的有些相似。例如，他认为政府最重要。因此，他花了很多年的时间试图找到一个民众信奉他的学说的国家。墨子认为众生平等。他的“博爱”思想与孔子的“仁爱”思想不同。墨子教导我们要爱所有的人，照顾那些不如我们的弱者。他憎恨战争。墨子于公元前390年逝世。The

Industrial

RevolutionIn

Europe，in

the

second

half

of

the

eighteenth

century，there

was

an

important

change

in

change

was

called

the“IndustrialRevolution”．Until

then

Europe

had

been

a

farming

the

Industrial

Revolution，factories

appeared

and

mass

production

became

possible

for

the

first

factories

were

built

in

towns

and

as

a

result，the

population

of

towns

and

cities

greatly

increased.These

changes

became

possible

because

of

inventions

such

as

the

steam

was

invented

in

1769

by

James

Watt

and

was

the

main

energy

source

during

the

Industrial

first

the

steam

engine

was

used

in

mines，but

it

was

soon

used

in

factories

and

on

the

railways.During

the

Industrial

Revolution，factory

owners

became

more

powerful

than

land

of

people

left

the

countryside

to

work

in

the，factory

workers

lived

in

poor

and

crowded

1830

to

the

early

20th

century，the

Industrial

Revolution

spread

through

Europe

and

the

US

and

then

to

other

countries

such