高考英语完型填空专题

高考英语完形填空技巧归纳一、考试大纲说明：注重能力考查，体现课改精神，试题要求考生不仅要理解文字的含义，而且还要结合上下文语境进行思考，主要考查考生根据上下文正确使用词语的能力，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整，逻辑通顺，该节在很大程度上考查考生的阅读理解能力。

二、命题特点1.近几年完形填空特点题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章.内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析。考察重点多为实词:名/代/动词/形容/副词等.关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联,暗示判断能力.侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑，而以下两种情况，一般不考：(1)不考虚词。即不考冠词、代词、介词、(2)不考语法。2.设空类型1）前后关联型（上下文）；2）常识考察性（生活常识，已给文化背景）3）惯用搭配型（固定词组，句型，语法）4）词义辨析型（同义词，反义词）3、四个选项特点1)词类相同。即四个选项要么都是名词,要么都是动词,要么都是形容词,要么都是副词等2)语法形式相同。即四个选项,如果是动词,要么都是-ing形式,要么都是-ed形式,要么都是原形;如果是名词,要么都是单数,要么都是复数;如果是形容词或副词,要么都是原级,要么都是比较级,要么都是最高级。3)正确选项的分布基本均等。即A、B、C、D四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。如15个小题,A、B、C、D各占3—4个1、研究首尾——找主题2、上下求索——寻信息3、瞻前顾后——找搭配4、思前想后——觅逻辑5、语境分析——辨词义6、集中精力——破难题7、回读代入——补漏洞1、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）2、打好语法基础

（固定搭配）3、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）4、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好5、多做多练，以提高实战能力Howtogethighscores？正确的答题步骤2.必要的答题技巧3.适量的实践训练三、高分技巧四、十大解题策略一）利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。抓住中心意思---围绕什么话题(尤其注意在文章中出现频率最多的词)1.Ididvery

badlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas

andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”

A.bright

B.useless

C.simple

D.hopeful2.DorothyBrownwasveryhappyasshesatinthetheatrelisteningtothemusic.TodayherlittledaughterLaurenwasgivingherfirstconcert.Shehadbeenwaitingforthismomentforyearsandyears.“Nowitishereatlast,”shethought.“Howbeautifulher1is.”ThesongmadehergobacktothedayswhenshewasLauren’sage.Asayounggirl,Dorothywantedtobeaconcert

singer.Shestudied2inFrance,ItalyandintheUnitedStates.“Youcanbecomeafine3inthefuture,”herteacherstoldher.“Butyoumustbepreparedtostudyhardandworkformanyyears.1.A.voice B.face C.dress D.life2.A.French B.music C.piano D.dance3.A.actress B.student C.singer D.dancer3.EveryThursdayafternoon,myarthistoryclassmeetsnotinourusuallecturehall(演讲厅)butinouruniversityArtMuseum.Wespendourone-hourclassdiscussingtwoorthereofthe1manyofwhicharebyartiststhatwehavealreadystudiedinclass.Theprofessorbeginsbyselectingone2ofart.Aftergivingusaquickbackgroundontheartist

,hewillopenupforclass3.

1.A.subjectsB.paintingsC.speeches D.lectures2.A.book B.passage C.text D.work3.A.discussionB.activityC.argument D.consideration二）根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题1.Ourfatherwasastrugglinglawyer,butIalwaysknewhewas1.Henevercriticizedus,butused2tobringoutourbest.

1.A.strict

B.honest

C.special

D.learned2.A.help B.peaceC.smile D.praise2.HisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften1aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya2T-shirtortoloseweight.1.A.cared B.forgotC.quarreledD.joked2.A.clean B.straightC.largerD.darker三、利用语篇标志解题常见语篇标志词语：1)结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；2)逻辑关系：since,thus,therefore,so；3)递进关系：besides,what’smore,further,other;4)转折关系：but,while,however,still,ontheotherhand；5)并列关系：and,notonly…butalso,aswellas,with等。1.Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)

vacation,butwasheart-broken

aboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.A.disappointing B.wonderful

C.uncomfortableD.important2.Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe_____touse.AheavyB.easyC.hardD.safe因此，我们要善于找出（“三找”）：一找.逻辑关系词（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）二找.NOT（在原文中找not）三找.AND（在原文中找and）四、根据逻辑推理解题1.…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_____quitepleasanttaste.

A.besidesB.butC.andD.or2.ThepositionofchildreninAmericafamilyandsocietyisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.The4familyincolonialNorthAmericawasmainlyconcernedwithsurvival…..Childrenwerevaluedintermsoftheirproductivityandtheyplayedtheroleof

producerquiteearly.__5__theyfulfilledthisrole,theirpositioninthefamilywasoneofthe

subordination.(附属)4.A.poorB.ordinaryC.happyD.wealthy5.A.UntilB.AfterC.AlthoughD.When五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择1.Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.Owningspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe____areaslikethedesert.

A.dry

B.distant

C.deserted

D.wild2.Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir

1

.Thiswasthebeginningofanother

2

dayinNewYorkCity.

1.A.jobs

B.homes

C.buses

D.offices

2.A.workingB.hotC.same

D.ordinary七、从词语辨析和固定搭配方面来解题1.Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself_____somuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of2.SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel2_whileIwasatcollege.2.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback3.OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper3hisbrotherforhimand3.A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistook D.judged4.Finally,afterweeksofpreparation,Iwould4allmyhardworkinadanceofperformance.Everythingwouldbe......4.A.takeoverB.showoffC.lookafter D.giveup六、从语法角度来解题1.Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.____

Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensedloneliness.A．Before

B．Since

C．Although

D．While2.Haveyouevershoutedatateacher,toldsomeoneyouwerelonely,orsaidyouwereinlove,andthen_____lateryouhadkeptyourmouthshut?

A.wishedB.hopedC.blamedD.shared八、寻找对等对称成分，分析两句完全平行Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoors,whoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,and

studentswho

weregettingonshouldgetonlater.1.A.parents B.studentsC.teachers D.drivers九、同线、反线结构（上下文找同义互释项、反义互释项、色彩法“+”“－”信息）1.Thiseconomyhasreallygotalotofpeoplemovingandnotalwaysbyachoicetheywantedtomake.MywifeandInowfindourselvesamongthoseunfortunatesfeelingthat1.Attheendoflastyear,ourcustomersjust2.Wehadtomakethepainfuldecisionto3ouroffice.1.A.pressureB.pleasureC.heatD.chance2.A.stayedupB.turnedupC.driedupD.cameup3.A.closeB.openC.enlargeD.decorate2.“I’msorry,butwehaveenoughwritersforthenewspaperalready.Comebacknextyearandwe’lltalkthen.”Jennasmiled1andleft.“Whyishighschoolsodifferent?”shesighed.1.A.widelyB.weakly C.excitedly D.brightly十．根据找复现同现解题复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。1.AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather1.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof2.Ifeltevenmorehelplesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1.A.encouragedB.dissatisfied C.helpless D.pleased2.A.placeB.job C.advice D.help(2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：Thatiswhatahobbymeans,Iguess.Itissomethingweliketodoinoursparetimesimplyforthe______ofit.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant;wedoitforthepleasureitgivesus.A.benefitB.goodC.funD.interest

(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：Forcingyourselftorecallalmostneverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’t____yourmoney;itonlytightensit.A.loosen

B.weaken

C.decrease

D.reduce

(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignment

isgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereading……Whenresearchis____,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.A.collected

B.assigned

C.distributed

D.finished(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：Othertimes,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof

:agriculture,divingandmathematics.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.contents同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中，以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。(1)场所同现。On

days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy(2)修饰同现。Althoughthesewidemodernroadsaregenerally____andwellmaintained,withlittlesharpcurvesandmanystraight_____,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemostenjoyableone.A.stable

B.smoothC.splendid

D.complicatedA.selections

B.separations

C.series

D.sections

(3)因果同现。“Hooray!”shoutedthecrowd.Itwastheloudest

Ihadeverheardatameeting.Thefirst-placerunnerwastwolapsaheadofmewhenshecrossedthefinishingline.A.cheerB.shoutC.cryD.noise(4)结构同现。Sometimeshewouldinviteastudenttoagameofchess.

,hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyofsubjects:agriculture,diving,mathematics.A.AsamatteroffactB.LateronC.OthertimesD.Ingeneral(5)同义同现。Ifastudenthasproblemwithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeither_______aprofessorduringofficehoursormakeanappointment.A.greet

B.attach

C.approach

D.annoy（2011·全国新课标卷）Inourdiscussionwithpeopleonhoweducationcanhelpthemsucceedinlife,awomanrememberedthefirstmeetingofanintroductory36（同义复现）courseabout20yearsago.（记叙文，回忆、人物、时间、事件education）

Theprofessor37thelecturehall,placeduponhisdeskalargejarfilledwithdriedbeans（豆）,andinvitedthestudentsto38

（同义复现）howmanybeansthejarcontained.After39

shoutsofwildlywrongguessestheprofessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe40answer,（与前面wrong相对应）andwentonsaying,”Youhavejust41animportantlessonaboutscience.Thatis:Never42yourownsenses.”

Twentyyearslater,the43（上文提到的人物）couldguesswhattheprofessorhadinmind.He44himself,perhaps,asinvitinghisstudentstostartanexciting45(概括的是答案)intoanunknownworldinvisible（无形的）tothe46,whichcanbediscoveredonlythroughscientific47.Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptor顺接关系）even48theinvitation.Shewasjust49tounderstandtheworld.Andshe50thatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethe51.Theprofessor,however,与小女孩的观点相反的saidthatitwas52（与51相对）.hewastakingawayheronly53forknowingandwasprovidingherwithnosubstitute.“Irememberfeelingsmalland54,”（找and）thewomensays,“andIdidtheonlythingIcoulddo.I55thecoursethatafternoon,andIhaven’tgonenearsciencesince.”（找否定词）36．A.art B.historyC.science D.math37．A.searchedforB.lookedat C.gotthrough