现代大学英语精读5第四单元Professions For Women

ProfessionsForWomenMADEBYJONIOR,CLASS2

NO.10,16,18,25,34,35弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫1882-1941,Englishnovelist,criticandessayistBornandbroughtupinanupper-middle-class,sociallyactive,literaryfamily.Waseducatedathome,becomingavoraciousreaderofthebooksinherfather’sextensivelibrary.Experiencedherfirstboutofmentalillnessafterhermother’sdeathandsufferedfrombipolardisorder,mania-depressionillness,fortherestofherlife.-WorksEARLYWORKSTheVoyageOut,1915《出海》NightandDay,1919《日夜》LATERWORKSJacob’sRoom,1922《雅各的房间》Mrs.Dalloway,1925

《黛洛维夫人》TotheLighthouse,1927

《到灯塔去》Orlando,1928《奥尔兰多》TheWaves,1931《海浪》TheYears,1937《年月》BetweentheActs,1941《幕与幕之间》COLLECTIONSOFESSAYS,literarycommentariesARoomofOne’sOwn,1929《一间自己的房间》MomentsofBeing,1941,《存在的瞬间》-THEMESAsanovelistWoolf'sprimaryconcernwastorepresenttheflowofordinaryexperience.Heremphasiswasnotonplotorcharacterizationbutonacharacter'sconsciousness,thoughtsandfeelings,whichshebrilliantlyilluminatedbythestreamofconsciousnesstechniqueandinteriormonologueShewroteaboutthemindandinnerselfofhercharacters,andshetriedabovealltorepresenthowtimeevolvedinthemind.MOMENTSOFBEING(瞬间的存在)Shethoughtthateachindividualreactsinadifferentwaytothehundredsofsensationsandimpressionsheorshereceiveseveryday:“Lifeisaluminoushalo（发光的光环）…surroundingusfromthebeginningofconsciousnesstotheend”.She,therefore,eliminatedtraditionalplotsanddirectdialogues.Externalrealitylostitstraditionalimportance,exceptfortheinfluenceithadoninnerlife,thelifeofmind.Shelimitedtheactiontooneday(MrsDalloway),ortotwodifferentdays(TotheLighthouse),orafewhours(BetweentheActs).Sherecordedmomentsthatshecalled“momentsofbeing”whichencapsulate（总结、概括）reallifeandtherealselfandaremomentsofintuitionthroughwhichatruthisperceived.Thisiswhyshesometimesdevotedhundredofpagestoasingledaybecauseaninsignificantexternalincidenthasstartedachainofthoughtswhileatothertimesshedealtwithanumberofyearsinjustafewpages.MOMENTSOFBEING(瞬间的存在)WomenInAncientTimeThreeObediences

andFourVirtuesforWomanObeyherfatherbeforemarriage(未嫁从父)Obeyherhusbandwhenmarriage(既嫁从夫)Obeyhersonsinwidowhood(夫死从子)Morality(妇德)Properspeech(妇言)Modestmanner(妇容)Diligentwork(妇功)Befaithfultoone’shusbandtotheendChastitymemorialarch(贞节牌坊):Astonearcherectedbythegovernmentofformertimesinhonorofachastewomanwidowedatayoungage.Thestarvingtodeathmatterissmall,thebeingdisloyalmatterisbig.SevenoftheArticleAhusbandcanabandonhiswiferightlyifshe：First,isnotfilial.(不顺父母)Second,hasnoson.(无子)Third,iswanton.(淫)Fourth,tendstobejealous.(妒)Fifth,hasseriousdisease.(有恶疾)Sixth,isgossipyorhasabigmouth.(口多言)Seventh,steals.(盗窃)Foot-bindingInfavorofwomanbeingimprisonedinaboudoir(闺房)，thescopeoftheiractivitiesbestrictlylimitedtocomplywiththe“ThreeObedienceandFourVirtues”.Thepropriety,accordingtoman’sdesiretoachievetheexclusivepurposeoftheirvirginity(纯洁).Socialrootsofthepopularfoot-binding缠足是中国封建社会特有的一种装饰陋习。其具体做法是用一条狭长的布袋，将妇女的足踝紧紧缚住，从而使肌骨变态，脚形纤小屈曲，以符合当时的审美观。在缠足时代，绝大多数妇女大约从四、五岁起便开始裹脚，一直到成年之后，骨骼定型，方能将布带解开；也有终身缠裹，直到老死之日。Thewomanthemselvesbodyandtheresultingphysiologicalandotherchangestobetterassumetheirfuturefertilitytool.Thewilloftherulesofthepeopleoftheworld.Thefeudalgentry(上流社会人)morbid(病态的)aestheticdictates.Manywoman,suchasfeudalliterati(文人、学者)asaplaying,morbidaesthetic,enjoyingahobbyfeet.男性在社会、政治、经济、文化等其他一切领域中占据着绝对主导地位，而女人的活动空间仅仅局限在家庭之内，由此可以看出男性的统治地位和女性的附属地位，女人依附男人而存在，男人创造了整个世界。而女人只不过是男人身上的一根肋骨而已。女人为男人而生，为男人而死，地位是何等的低贱卑微。

Inlongslavesocietyandfeudalsociety,productivityisverylow.Whetherinthefieldsorintheworkshop,mostoftheworkisheavymanuallabor.Thusmanoccupyinherentphysiologicaladvantage.Womentakecareofthechildren,dohousework,andtheycreatethevalueofhardtolikethevalueofmancreatedintheformofcurrency.Womanbecomesubservienttothemenslowly,womenbecometheirslavestools.Mancanlikebuyingandsellinganimalsregardwomenasprivatepropertytotradeandbusiness.

Meninthesocial,political,economic,culturalandotherfieldsoccupiestheabsolutedominantposition,butawoman'sactivityspacelimitedwithinthefamily.Thusitcanbeseenthatthedominanceofmaleandfemalesubordinatestatus.Mencreatedthewholeworld.Thewomanisonlyoneofman'sribs.Womanborntoaman,womanformantodeath.Howlowlyhumblestatus.

Women’sStatusAtHomeWomanplayedanimportantroleinsociety.Now

many

women

are

going

into

professions,

such

as

medicine,

law

and

engineering.

They

comprise

a

large

part

of

the

workers

in

businesses

and

factories.

In

addition,

they

are

working

up

to

important

positions

which

used

to

be

held

mainly

by

men.

There

are

even

some

businesses

which

are

run

completely

be

women.

Clearly,

women

are

making

outstanding

contributions

to

the

progress

of

modern

society.

女性在现代社会中发挥着举足轻重的作用。如今许多女性走上工作岗位，如医学，法律和工程行业。他们中也包含一大部分企业和工厂的工人。另外，他们也逐渐进入之前只由男性来担任的工作岗位。甚至有一些企业纯粹由女性来运作。显然，妇女在现代社会的进步中做出了突出贡献。

BUTTheroleofwomeninHOMEisstillbelowtheman.Inthereality,youcanalwaysheartheword"beatingone'swife"insteadof"beatingone'shusband".

Because,therearestillsomepeoplewhoassertthatmenaresuperiortowomeninmanyways.Firstly,manyjobsmendocanhardlybedonebywomen,whoarephysicallynotstrongenough.Secondly,mostoftheworld-famousscientistsandstatesmenarefoundtobemales.Finally,thewholesocietyseemstohavealwaysbeendominatedbymenonly.Intheiropinion,menshouldenjoymorerightsthanwomendo.因为，仍然有一些人主张男人在许多方面优于女性。首先，许多男人可以做的工作女人做起来却很难，女性身体不够健壮。其次，大部分世界著名的科学家和政治家都是男性。再次，整个社会似乎一直是由男性来占主导地位的，男人应享有比女性更多的权利。

InmanyChinese’smind,someonewillteaseyouifyouareafraidofyourwifebutit'snormaltofearthehusband

Andthemostimportantreasonisthatthewomen’slegalrightscan'tbeprotectedwell,“Domesticabuse“incidentpunishmentisnotserious.

Someonecalledwangyuguangalwaysbeathiswifeuntilkillhiswife,finallyhewasonlysentencetosixyears.conclusion由于中国由传统社会向现代社会的转型，导致大量社会成员角色认知发生转换，包括职业转型、生活地域的变化以及随之而来的身份、地位、价值观、社会权利等各方面的完全转型。现在，不仅男性离开家庭走向工作岗位,女性也大量地离开家庭，进军各个行业，由单一的家庭角色向职业、家庭兼顾型双重角色转变，成为家庭的又一经济支柱。BecauseofChinesetransformationfromtraditionalsocietytomodernsociety,resultinginalargenumberofsocialmembers‘rolesandchanges,includingthecompletetransformationofvariouschangesoccupationtransformation,livingareaandtheconsequentidentity,status,values,socialandrights.Nowadays,not