practical-writing-实用写作解析

PracticalEnglishWritingPartILettersandCommunications(书信、电函类)Part2FormsandCards(表格、卡片类)Part3NotesandBills(便条、条据类)Part4AdvertisementsandPublicSigns(广告、标识类)Part1LettersandCommunications

(书信与电函)一、TypesofEnglishLetterspersonalLettersbusinessLettersfamilylettersloveletterslettersofappointmentsLettersofInvitation邀请信Thank-youLetters感谢信LettersofCongratulation庆贺信LettersofApologies致歉信LettersofConsolation慰问信LettersofCondolence吊唁信LettersofRequests恳求信LettersofIntroduction介绍信LettersofRecommendation举荐信LettersofApplication求职信LettersofCertification证明信LettersofComplaint投诉信1.Heading信头,即写信人的地址2.Date日期3.Insideaddress信内地址，即收信人地址4.Salutation称呼5.Body正文6.ComplimentaryClosing结束敬语7.Signature署名二、TheStructureofEnglishLettersI’mwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.…Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.MailboxNo.23,GXuniversityNanning,Guangxi,ChinaDearSir/Madam,Yoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmithNov.7,2011insideaddresssalutationdateheadingbodycomplimentaryclosingsignatureLiGangPeaceHotel1818LingXiaRoadBeijing,ChinaBlockFormat齐头式,即每一项构成要素都顶格书写。Paragraph-IndentedFormat缩行式,即每段开头都空五格,信头,日期写在右上方,结束语,签名写在右下方。ModifiedBlockFormat混合式,即每段开头顶格写,信头,日期,结束语,签名的位置与缩行式相同。三、TheFormatofEnglishLetters信头包括寄信人地址或某公司的名称、地址、电话、电传、传真、邮编、电子信箱地址或网址等。headingEASTERNTEXTILESIMP.&EXP.CO.,LTD.34297ShangchengRoad,Shanghai,China(Tel:6606811Fax:6507631Http://E-mail:bcxbcx@21)地址的书写依次是由小到大:第一行写寄信人的门牌号码、街道名称;其次行先写城镇、县市名称，再写省或州名称，往右空两个字母的位置，再写上邮编。假如是寄往国外的信件，第三行写出寄信人所在国家的名称。英文地址的写法和中文相反，口诀：由小到大

(e.g.:号—弄—巷—路/街—城市—国家)号

No.(Number)楼

F(Floor)室Rm.(Room)弄Aly(Alley)巷Ln.(Lane)路Rd.(Road)街St.(Street)段Sec.(Section)区

Dist.(District)县

County市City大道Ave.(Avenue)省Province国家名…日期应写在寄信人地址下方，表达方式各不相同。通常英式按日/月/年的依次，而美式按月日年的依次。留意：年份写全，不行省略；月份用英文单词表示，不行用数字替代（一般信函可缩写，较正式的公函需写全）；日期用阿拉伯数字基数词表示即可。

2ndDecember,2011

December2nd,2011

2December,2011

December2,2011DaysandMonths

7daysoftheweek12monthsoftheyear信内地址应写在信笺左上方，与信封上的地址完全一样。第一行写收信人姓名（称呼语+全名）；商务信函中还需另起一行写出职务；收信人地址应精确完整。Mr.FrankBrownjob

titlereceiver’s

addressinsideaddressPublicRelationsManager305

Queens

DriveSafewayLaboratoriesreceiver’s

nameDearSir/Madam,salutation称呼应写在信内地址下，其左边要与信内地址第一行对齐。英文书信的称呼一般都是以Dear…或Mydear…开头的。1.亲近熟悉的人:Dear/Mydear+称呼或名字。2.长辈、关系一般、不相识：Dear+“先生/女士/教授”3.机关、团体、公司、工厂或学校：DearSirorMadam,Towhomitmayconcern.DearSir/Madam,称呼下面隔一两行起先写正文。齐头式段落之间确定要空一行，缩进式通常不空。这样做是为了让段落划分清晰，在应试作文中尤其不行忽视。I’mwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.…AlthoughIdidnothavetotravelinmypreviousjob,Iwouldbeverywillingtodoso.Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.body1、开宗明义说意图书信正文写作的五点要求I’mwritingto....I’mwritingtoyouinthehopethat....Ishouldbeverygratefulifyoucould....I’msorrytobotheryou,but....2、询问/建议1、2、3、3、不同内容可分段4、感谢客气不行少5、期盼回信成老套I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Ihopetoreceiveyourresponseshortly.Bestwishestoyou.Withmybestwishes.Yoursfaithfully,开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语也称敬语，运用时也应因人而异，取决于发信人与收信人之间的关系或熟悉程度。1.家人亲戚:Yourlovingmother/son/brother;Yourslovingly,Withlove,Allmyloveetc.2.长辈或一般挚友：Yoursrespectfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.3.机关、团体、学校等：Yoursfaithfully/sincerely,YplementarycloseYoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmith写信人要在结束语下面签名，以表示对信件中的全部内容负责。签名最好是写信人的亲笔，手写后可附打印的全名。signature四、StylesofEnglishEnvelopes如要说明信件由何种邮路递送或信件为何种类别，一般在信封正面的左下角注明。航空

ByAirMail挂号

Registered印刷品

PrintedMatter快件

Express内有照片

PhotoEnclosed如信件需由别人或单位转交给收信人，则需在转交人前面加上C/O（careof）后跟转交人的姓名地址。如宋力托李娜转交一封信给李明，信封格式为：SongLiNo.1MiddleSchoolNantong,226000JiangsuLiMingC/OLiNaBeijingUniversityBeijing,100871如不须要邮寄，只需写上受托人和收信人的姓名即可。先写收信人，再用Bycourtesyof,Throughcourtesyof,Byfavorof引出所托之人的姓名。LiMingBycourtesyofLiNa面交信(宋力本人当面交给收信人的信)：SongLiPresent

Practice

GeorgeWangwillwritealettertohispenpal,MikeClinton.Mike’saddressis:1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101,U.S.A.AndGeorge’saddressis:23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan,R.O.C.Pleasewriteanenvelopeforhim.

MikeClinton1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101U.S.Asender’snameandaddressreceiver’snameandaddressGeorgeWang

23,Alley4,Lane130,

Sec.IINankingEastRd.

Taipei,Taiwan104

R.O.C.

1.写给家人、亲戚或关系亲密的挚友等人时，一般在Dear或Mydear之后分别加上亲属关系的称呼或直书其名。如：DearFather,Mydearson,DearJohn,Mydearuncle等。2.写给年长或关系一般的挚友、同事等时，习惯在Dear之后用“先生”、“小姐”等之类的称呼再加上某人的姓氏。如：DearMr.Smith,DearProfessorSmith,DearChairmanSmith。3.写给机关、团体、公司、学校等单位时，一般用(Dear)Sir(s’),Madam,DearSir/Madam,Gentlemen,Towhomitmayconcern等。五、英文书信常用称呼1.写给家人、亲戚时，一般用Yourlovingfather(son),Yoursveryaffectionately,YoursLovingly,Withlove,Lovingly,Withallthebest,Loveandallgoodwishes等。2.写给挚友、同事、同学等时，一般用Yoursrespectively,Yourssincerely,Yoursobediently,Yourstruly,Yourscordially,Withbestwishes等。3.写给机关、团体、公司、学校等单位时，一般用Yoursfaithfully,Yourssincerely,Yourstruly等。（结束语的第一个字母应大写，其中以Y开头的结束语的次序可以颠倒。如：Sincerelyyours,Cordiallyyours---）六、英文书信常用结束语1.Ishouldbeverygladifyouwouldcometodinnerwithmeatmyhomeat7a.m.onFriday,April24.2.WouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmenextSunday?3.Itwouldbeveryniceifyouandyourwifewouldcomeandspendtheweekendwithus?4.Wehopeyoucancomeandlookforwardtoseeingyoubythen.5.Willyoudousthefavorofjoiningourparty?6.Youarecordiallyinvitedtothedinnerparty.7.We’llbelookingforyoutwocharmingpeopleatthattime,sodon’tdisappointus.七、邀请信常用套语1.Manythanksforyourkindandwarmletter.2.Pleaseacceptmyprofoundappreciationfor---3.Wearegreatlyindebtedtoyouforyourhelp.4.Thankyousomuchforyourgeneroushospitality.5.Youcouldn’thavegivenmeanythingthatIwouldenjoymore.6.Itwasmostkindofyoutosendusagiftandsuchahandsomeone!7.Yournoteofcongratulationsisdeeplyappreciated.8.IhopesomethingwillbringyoutomyhometownsoonsothatIcanreturnyourkindness.八、感谢信常用套语1.WearedelightedtolearnthatyouhaveenteredBejingUniversity.2.Acceptmysincerestcongratulationsonyour---3.Heartycongratulationsandgoodwishesonthismilestoneinyourlife.4.Manyhappyreturns(oftheday).祝你长寿(敬祝佳节)5.Mayyouhavemany,manyhappybirthdays,andalwayskeepthatlonelinessandcharmwhichGodgaveyou.祝你年年生日快乐,恒久保持天生丽质与魅力。6.Ilookforwardtogreetingyouonyourgoldenweddinganniversary.Mayyouhavemanygoldenyears.7.PrayacceptmybestandsincerestwishesfortheNewYear.九、庆贺信常用套语1.Iamextremelysorry---2.Ioweyouanapologyfor---3.Isincerelyregret---4.ItiswithsentimentsofprofoundregretthatIamwritingthisletterofapologytoyou.5.HowcanIapologizeformissingourdateyesterday?6.Ihumblybegyourforgivenessformynegligence.7.Itrustyouwilloverlookthismistake,whichIexceedinglyregret.8.Athousandpardons,andlet’smeetagainwhenyoureturn.十、致歉信常用套语1.Wewishyouaspeedyrecovery.2.We’resureitwon’tbelongbeforeyou’rebackonyourfeetagain.3.Beingmuchconcernedaboutyourailment,Ihastentooffermyheartysympathy.4.Wejustcan’ttellyouhowanxiousweweretolearnofyour---5.HowgrievedIamtohearofyour---6.IshallbeverymuchdelightedifIcanbeofanyservicetoyou.7.PleaseletmeknowwhatIcandotohelp.十一、慰问信常用套语1.Iwasterriblysorrytohearofthedeathof---2.Ican’ttellyouhowsaddenedIwas.3.Iamsorelygrievedtolearnofthedeathofyourfather,forwhomIhadthegreatestadmirationandregard.4.TearsstreamdownmycheekswhenIcallthelookofthedeceasedwhichinlife.当我回想起死者生前容貌时,禁不住热泪滚滚.5.IcannottellyouhowsorryIamtohearofyourgreatloss.Pleaseacceptmysympathyandbestwishes.6.Iknowyouwillbestrongandbraveforthesakeofthechildren.十二、吊唁信常用套语1.MayIrequestyourkindnesstoexecuteafewcommissionsforme?我能否求您替我代办几件事?2.Willyoupleasegreatlyobligemeby---?能够请您帮我个忙?3.MayItakethelibertyofaskingyouto---?我是否可以麻烦您?4.Itrustyouwillforgivemytroublingyouonsoslightartacquaintance.刚刚相识就给您添麻烦,请宽恕.5.Pleasefavormewithanearlyreply.请早日答复.6.IfyouthinkImightbeofhelp,Ibegyounottohesitatetotellme.如认为我能帮忙的话,请尽管说.7.Ihopeyouwillputthematterinyourmind.希望您能把这事放在心上.十三、恳求信常用套语1.Itakethelibertytointroducetoyou---兹冒昧向您介绍------2.Ihavethehonortointroducetoyou---我荣幸地向您介绍------3.WithagreatpleasureIintroducetoyou---我特殊兴奋地向您介绍------4.Thebearerofthisletter,Mr.---hasbeenwithusformanyyears.持信人-----先生已同我们在一起多年.5.Mr.---,whowillpresentthisletter,isamanIhaveknownfor3years.呈交此信的------先生同我相识已有三年.6.Ifyouwillbesokindastorenderhimyourvaluableassistance,Ishallholdmyselfundergreatobligationtoyou.您若能对其鼎力相助,本人将甚为感谢.7.IhopeyouwillkindlyshowhimattentionwhichIshallconsiderasshowntomyself.我希望你对他多加关照,我认为者犹如对我的关照.十四、介绍信常用套语1.IamgladtorecommendtoyouMs.---2.ItismypleasuretorecommendtoyouMr.---3.PleaseallowmetorecommendMr.---asacandidate.4.Mr.---isamanofgoodeducation,andIamconfidentthathewillprovehisworthbyhisindustryandfaithfulness.5.Ishouldbemostgratefulifyouwouldconsidermyrecommendation.6.Ishallconsideritagreatfavorifyouwillbekindenoughtogivehimtheopportunityheseeks.十五、举荐信常用套语1.Replyingtoyouradvertisementfora____intoday’s___,Itakethelibertyofofferingmyselfforthesituation.响应你们今日在___上征聘一名___的启事,特冒昧申请这一职位.2.Ibelievethatmyabilityandexperiencewillfullyqualifymeforthepositionof____forwhichyouadvertisedintoday’s____.今日的___刊有你们征聘___的启事,我认为本人的实力与阅历足以担当这份工作.3.Havingheardthatasituationof___isvacantinyourcompany,Ibegtooffermyselfasacandidateforthesame.听说贵公司缺少一名___,特申请这一职位.4.Ishallbemuchobligedifyouwillaccordmeanopportunityforinterview.假如能赐予我面试的机会,我将不胜感谢.5.Haveyouanopeninginyourcompanyforayoungmanwhobelievethathehassomethingtooffer?有位年轻人认为他能够对贵公司有所贡献,贵公司能对他打开大门吗?十六、求职信常用套语1.Iamwritingtoapplyformembershipin___.我特来信申请加入____.2.Iwishtoapplyforadmissiontoyourdepartmentasagraduatestudent.我愿申请到贵系当探讨生.3.Ihavebeenworkingherefor2years.Ishouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsiderthepossibilityofgivingmeanincreaseinmywages,whichareatpresent$250aweek.我在这里工作已满2年,工资为每个星期250美元.如蒙考虑增加我的工资,当深为感谢.4.Iwishtosubmitthearticleenclosedherewithforpublicationinyouresteemedjournal.我希望所寄去的文章在贵刊得以发表.5.Ishouldbeverygratefulifyouwouldletmehavedetailsofanyscholarshipsin___thatyourcountrymaybeofferingtoforeignstudents.贵国政府可为在__