中学考试英语新题型摘录要点

实用文档中考文章摘录要点专题讲解一、考题要求：第二节摘录要点（5小题，计10分）阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。二、样题研究：2014长沙摘录要点样题是一篇150个词的文章，它由两部分组成，一是所需阅读的文章一篇，二是根据该文章所设计的图表，其题材为说明文，图表是文章的结构图，它反映了文章本身的逻辑思路，也是反映命题人的设题思路。图表共5个空格，其答题信息均可直接从原文中找到。三、对考生要求：尽管样题的答题信息均可从原文中直接找到，但为了使考生万无一失，以不变应万变，我们还是对考生相关能力提出了更高要求。.阅读理解能力对文章的整体把握，领略大意。对文章的结构和层次把握，弄清局部和整体的关系。对文章局部的透彻理解，提取有用信息。.对图表的识读能力。考生要迅速把握图表的结构分布层次，命题人的出题角度，哪个空是考察细节，哪个空考察结论，哪个空考察标题。.分析、概括、推断能力。图表试题中有的可以直接从原文中提取到，有的则需要对原文信息进行再加工处理，得到原文相一致的文外词汇。.正确书写能力。这就需要考生具有一定的词汇储备，而且能够认识句子结构和句子成分，根据句子结构和成分来判断所填词的词性。当然，考生也应该具有构词法的知识。例如，词性转换，形容词、副词的比较级、最高级，名词的复数形式等。此外，还有提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。四、解题步骤：第一步，浏览图表。划分板块，标题块、结论块、主题块、细节块。标题块和结论块里的空放在最后做，然后按主题块次序先做细节空，再做主题空。第二步，快速略读全文，把主题块和相应的段落对应起来。第三步，在图表中领任务，第一主题块对应的细节中的空，带上任务精读相应的段落细节，提取信息，填空完成试题。然后完成主题块，最后完成标题块。五、题目的设置类型及答题策略.信息捕捉题文中原词）要求学生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词来填空。例如：样题中第58题可从原文第一句ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfrom直hangde.接得出。样题中第59题可从第一段最后一句ThetourareatodayismadeupoffoUhepartsTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQiUi接得出131age..同义转换题灵活考查学生在知识重组基础上，运用多中表达方式表意的能力，突显遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定不超过3个词的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行加工转换。2014长沙中考样题56题所给答案（56.Placesofinterest/Scenicspots/Scenicarea/Attractiveplaces就充分的体现了这一点。.信息综合题综合概括题）要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行栏）的标题，考查学生概括与推断的能实用文档力，归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。例如样题的第57.ChangdePoemWall常见英语摘录要点概括性词汇：标题title主题topic原因cause/reason结果result措施/步骤measure/step方法solution/way/manner/method态度attitude趋势tendency结论conclusion建议suggestion/tip/advice要求requirement/demand 问题problem观点opinion/view/idea意义significance目的/目标purpose/aim/goal影响effect/influence定义definition来源source数量quantity质量quality优劣advantage/disadvantage 特色.特征feature 人物/角色character.类型type/kind/sort情节plot内容content彳亍为behavior重要性importance必要性necessity/must情感feeling/emotion异同difference/similarity夕外表appearance信息information人口population贡献contribution 想象力imagination创造力creativity概括、总结summary要点、提纲outline其它time/place/situation/condition六、专题训练 第一组（1）阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.Thetemplesherewerebuiltinthe10thcentury.Duringthereign（统治）ofGuangxu（1875-1908）oftheQingDynasty,ascenicspot（景点）appearedaccordingtothearticle“OntheLandofPeach（桃）Flowers”writtenbyTaoYuanming,afamouswriteroftheJinDynasty.Thetourareatodayismadeupoffourparts一theTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQinrenVillage.ChangdePoemWallChangdePoemWallisa3-kilometer-longriverbankalongsidetheYuanjiangRiver,whichisengraved（雕刻）withpoems,handwritingandpaintinganditislistedasthelongestwallwithengravedartsinGuinnessRecord.TaohuayuanTitle（标题）: 56inChangdeNameLocation（位置）Features（特色）TaohuayuaninTaoyuanCountytheTaohuaMountain5958awayfromChangdetheTaoyuanMountaintheQinrenVillage实用文档57alongsidetheYuanjiangRiverpoemshandwriting60ArecentreportfromZhuzhouDailysaysabout18%ofZhuzhouteenagerscanhaveproblemswiththeirminds（内心，精神）.Somestudentsbecomeworriedbecausetheyhavetostudyveryhard.Othershavetroublegettingonwellwithpeopleliketheirparentsandclassmates.ZhangQiang,aJunior2studentfromZhuzhou,couldnotunderstandhisteachersinclassandwasdoingbadlyinhislessons.Hewasafraidofexams.Whenhelookedattheexampaper,hecouldntthinkofanythingtowrite.Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlcalledWuYanoftenarguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseofsomedifferentideas.Shebecamesoannoyedaboutthemthatshestartedtocutherfingerwithaknife.However,manystudentswhohaveproblemswon’tgoforadviceorhelp.Somethinktheywilllookstupid愚蠢的）iftheygotoseeadoctor.Othersdon'twanttotalkabouttheirsecrets.Inordertosolvetheteenagersproblems,hereissomeadvice:•Talktoyourparentsorteachersoften.•Takepartingroupactivitiesandplaysports.・Gotoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.Title:Teenager'sproblemswith 0 ZhangQiangl.Notunderstandinghisteachersand ② inhisstudyProblemsExamples2.BeingafraidofexamsWuYanArguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseof ③ .•Talkingtoyourparentsorteachersoften. ④ • ⑤ groupactivitiesandplaysports.•Goingtoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.InmostChineseteavillages,Marchisthetimeofyearinwhichlocalsstarttopickandprocesstea.Theusuallyquietvillagessuddenlybecomecrowdedcentersofactivity,aspeopletakeoutspecialtoolsandprepareforteaprocessing.Insomevillages,localresidentsholdtraditionalceremonies,thankingheavenforitsblessing.ThepriceofteapickedinMarchisextremelyhighbecauseitisfresh,tenderandcontainsmultipletraceelements.Chinahasbeenfamousforteaproductionsinceancienttimes.OfthegoodstransportedandtradedalongtheOldSilkRoadlinkingChinatotheMiddleEastandEurope,theimportanceoftea

实用文档wasmatchedonlybysilk.ChinaproducesOolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea.TheOolong,greenandblackvarietiesaremostfamousfortheirhighquality.MostofChina'steavillagesarefoundinremotemountainousareasinthecountry'ssouthandsouthwest,wherethebeautifulsceneryisoftenhiddenunderclouds.Title: TimeFrom2. tillnowTradinginthepastAlongthe3. tomanyothercountries.ProducingplaceRemoteandquietteavillages4 Oolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea5. forexpensiveMarchFresh,tenderandcontainingmultipletraceelementstea第二组(1)Somebirthdaycustomsarequitesimilarinmanypartsoftheworld——birthdaycandles鳍烛)，birthdaygames,andbirthdaycakes.Butsomecustomsaremorespecifictocertaincountries.Herearesomechildrentalkingabouttheircustoms.Linda---Iamfourteen.IcomefromAruba.Inourcountry,Childrentakesomethingspecialtoschoolfortheirclassmatesandallteachers.Eachteachergivesthebirthdaychildasmallgiftlikeapencil,aneraserorapostcard.Thebirthdaychildisalsoallowedtowearspecialclothesinsteadoftheschooluniform.Lucy---IamoneyearolderthanLinda.Denmarkismycountry.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.Presentsareplacedaroundthechild'sbedwhiletheyaresleepingsotheywillseethematoncewhentheywakeup.Tom---IamasoldasLinda.IamfromBrazil.Thebirthdaychildreceivesapullontheearlobe(耳垂)foreachyearinmycountry.Thebirthdaypersonalsogivesthefirstsliceofcaketohis/hermostspecialfriendorrelative,usuallymomordad.NamesCountriesAgesSpecialcustomsLindaArubaFourteenEachteacherreceivessomethingspecialfrom(1). andgiveshimorherasmallgift.LucyDenmark⑵ Ifyousee(3) flyingoutsideawindow,youmayknowsomeoneinthathouseishavingabirthdayTom⑷ Fourteen(5) ofthebirthdaycakeisusuallygiventoMomorDad.实用文档SanyaisinHainanProvinceinsouthemChina.It'smilKanninwinter.It'saboutL5"Cinthe-aftemo-oiL.Sanyahaslovelybeaches.Thepriceofahotelrooniisabout32。yuanani^ht.HarbinisinnorthernChina.It'sverycoldinwinter,sometimes-30℃.Touristsneedtowearwarmclothes.ThereisanIceandSnowFestivalinwinter.Ahotelroomisabout230yuananight.Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.It'sabout-10°C.Itdoesn'toftenrainorsnow.Hotelsusuallycuttheirpricesinwinter.About200yuananightisenough.CityWeather1 ofahotelroomSanyaIt'sstilL2 .inwinter.About320yuananight3 .It'sverycoldinwinter.About4 yuananightBeijingIt'snotverycoldinwinter.Itdoesn'toften5 .About200yuananightLastTuesday,alittlegirldiedaftereatingsomefriedchicken.HerfatherboughtthechickenforherfromastreetsellerinFenzhuangVillage,Fengtai,Beijing.Aftertestingthegirl,thedoctorsaidshewaspoisoned（中毒）bynitrites（亚硝酸盐）.SomeexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswithQSsigns.Theyaresafer.Afterhearingabouttheaccident,manypeoplefeelmoreworriedaboutthefoodsafetybecausetherehavebeenmanyfoodsafetyproblemsinourcountrytheseyears.Forexample,poisonous（有毒的）rice,oil,milkandsoonhavebeenfoundoutrecently.Peoplefeelquiteafraidbecausethesepoisonousfoodsareratherbadfortheirhealthandevenkillthem.Theywantthegovernmenttodosomethingtostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagainsothattheycanhavesafeandhealthyfoodsanddrinks.InformationCardThelittlegirldiedaftersheate.SomeexpertssuggestthatweshouldbuyfoodswithManypeoplefeelaboutthefoodsafetyafterhearingabouttheaccident.Thepoisonousfoodsareforpeople'shealthandevenkillthem.Thepeoplewantthegovernmenttostopsuchpoisonousfoodsanddrinksappearingagain.ManykindsofbirdsliveintheUnitedStates,butthenumberofthebirdsisbecomingsmallereveryyear.Oneoftheleadingreasonsisthegrowingnumberofpetcats.Bykeepingyourpetcatsinyourhome,youcanhelpgivebirdsabetterpossiblechancetolive.实用文档Ofthe90millionpetcatsinthiscountry,abouttw-thirdsareallowedtogooutside.Itissaidthatthesecatskillhundredsofmillionsofbirdseachyear,aswellasbillionsofsmallanimalssuchasrabbitsandfieldmice.Theycanalsobringillnesstotheanimalsthatliveinpeople'syard（院子），furtherweakeningthehealthofthenaturalpopulations.Allowingpetcatstogooutsideisnotjustbadforbirdsandwildlife,it'salsobadforthecatsthemselves.Outdoorcatscangetsickveryeasily.Theyareindangerfromtrafficandattacks（攻击）fromotheranimals.Infact,outdoorcatsusuallydon'tlivepasttheageoffive,whileindoorcatsoftenlivetobe17orolder.Keepyourpetcatinside!Ifyouraiseayoungcat,it'syourdutytoletitplayinside.ProblemThenumberofbirdsisbecoming1. ;atthesametime,manypetcatsarein2. fromtrafficandattacksfromotheranimals.ReasonfortheproblemPetcatsare3. togooutsidefreelyWhattodoPeoplewho4. ayoungcathavethe5. toletitplayinside.TheideaofMother’sDayisaveryoldidea.ItwasstartedbytheancientEgyptians（埃及人）,whocelebrated（庆祝）adaytohonour（向 表示敬意）Isis,themotherofthepharaohs.TheearlyChristians（基督教徒）celebratedadaytohonourMary,themotherofJesus.Later,EnglishChristianscelebratedtohonourallmothers.ThisEnglishholidaywascalled“MotheringSunday”.WhentheEnglishcametoAmerica,theydidnothavetimeforMotheringSunday,sotheholidaywasnotcelebratedinAmerica.In1914,theU.Spassedalawwhichdesignated（规定）thesecondSundayinMayasMothersDaytohonourthemotherswhohadlostsonsinwar.Today,Mother,sDayiscelebratedinmanyothercountriesforallmothers.InCanada,Australia,NewZealand,Mother,sDayiscelebratedonthesamedayasintheUnitedStates-thesecondSundayinMay.Childrengivetheirmotherscards,gifts,andflowers.SchoolsplanMother'sDay,sspecialactivities.InChina,theholidayiscelebratedtoshowtherespect尊重）theChinesehavefortheoldpeople,andthelovetheyhavefortheirparents.Tentopmothersarechosenbythegovernment.Peoplealloverthecountrytrydifferentwaystohelpmotherswhoarepoor.（1） People/CountyWhotoHonourActivitiesinancienttimesEgyptiansIsisearlyChristiansMarylatertheEnglishallmotherstheU.Smotherswhohadlostsonsinwar（2） nowCanada,Australia,etcallmothersgivemotherscards,gifts,andflowers;（3） China（4） ；parentschoosetentopmothers;（5） 实用文档⑹AnAmericannamedCruminventedpotatochipsin1853,althoughthatwasnothisintention（意图）.HewasachefatabeautifulrestaurantinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Aregulardishonthemenuwasfried（油炸的）potatoes,whichwasanideathathadstartedinFrance.Atthattime,Frenchfriedpotatoeswerecutintothickslices（片）.Oneday,adinnerguestattherestaurantsentbackhisfriedpotatoestothechefbecausehedidnotlikethemsothick.SoMrCrumcutthepotatoesalittlethinnerandfriedthem.Theguestdidnotlikethoseeither.ThatmadeMrCrumangry,sohethoughthewouldjustshowtheman.Heslicedthepotatoespaper-thinandfriedthem,thinkingthatthemanwouldsaynothingaboutit.However,tohissurprise,themanlovedthethinpotatoesverymuch.Othergueststriedthemandalsolikedthem.So,MrCrumspotatochipswereaddedtothemenu.TheycalledSaratogaChips.Finally,MrCrumopenedhisownrestauranttosellhisfamouschips.Nowpotatochipsarepackaged（包装）andsoldinstores.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zWhoinvented1 ?2wasanAmericanchefatarestaurant.Adinnerguest3hisfriedpotatoestothechefbecausetheyweresothick.Thechefwasprobablygladintheendbecause4 .Nowpotatochipsarepackagedandalsosold5 .（7）NewEnergyintheTwenty-firstCenturyEnergyfromthewindWindisakindofcleanenergy,andthereislotsofit,But,ifthere'snowind,thereisnowindenergy.EnergyfromthewaterWhenwatermovesfromahighplacetoalowerplace,itcanmakeelectricity电）withoutpollution.However,peoplehavetobuilddams水坝）tousethisenergy,andbuildingdamsisveryexpensive.EnergyfromtheearthThereisheatintherocksundertheearth.Scientistsusetheheattomakegeothermal（地热的）energy.Thiskindofenergyischeap,butitisonlypossibleinafewplacesintheworld.EnergyfromthesunSolarpanels（太阳电池板）ontheroofsofhousescanturnenergyfromthesunintoelectricity.Solarpoweriscleanandplentiful（丰富的）.butwhentheweatherisbad,Itdoesn'twork.NewEnergyinTw