2023学年完整版Unit6Travel语法

语法知识一．定冠词的意义：the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事：Heboughtahouse.I'vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth4）单数名词连用表示一类事物,如：thedollar美元;thefox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich富人;theliving生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二层。That‘stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.(指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythearm..她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：thePeople‘sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theUnitedStates美国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前:Shecanplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴。10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中:intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky,(water,field,country),inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre二．零冠词:1)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；Theyareteachers.他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Mancannotlivewithoutwater.人离开水就无法生存。5）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如:havebreakfast，playchess8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；Ican‘twritewithoutpenorpencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字.9）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain；10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如:school,college,prison,market，hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义（某种行为）；gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)三．冠词与形容词+名词结构:1)两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。Heraisesablackandawhitecat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。2)如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。Heraisesablackandwhitecat.他养了一只花猫。四．冠词位置:1)不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a.位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,half等。例如：Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。例如：quitealotd.在as,though引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时不定冠词放形容词后:Braveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。相关练习题1.Look,Simon,________MP3thatIboughtlastyearisn’tworkingproperly.A.aB.anC.theD./2.—Sonia,doyouknow________newclubinyourschool?—Ofcourse,I’moneofitsmembers.A.aB.anC.theD./3.Thereis________appleinourschool.A.aB.anC.theD./lookedunder________tableandfound________penIlostyesterday.A.the,aB.the,theC./,theD.the,/5.Look!Thereis________pictureonthewall.Howniceitis!A.aB.anC.theD./6.Ithinkit’s________usefuladvice,soIwillalwaysrememberit.A.aB.anC.theD./7.JackieChenis________greatactor,Ireallylikehismovies.A.aB.anC.theD./8.MybrotheraskedmewhetherIcouldspare_________fewmoney.A.aB.anC.theD./9.Nooneknows________troubleIhaveseen.A.aB.anC.theD./10.Writinglettersto________editorisnoteasyforallofus.A.aB.anC.theD./11.Ididmyhomeworkfor________hourlastnight.A.aB.anC.theD./12.Iwasin________hospitalbecauseofmyillnessandmanyofmyfriendswentto________hospitaltoseeme.A./,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,a13.Peoplewholove________peacedon’tlikeWorldWarTwo.A.theB.aC./D.an语法专题连词一.连词概说:1.作用：用来连接词、短语或句子的词。2.特点：属于虚词，在句中不重读，不能单独作句子成分。二.连词的种类:1.并列连词：用来连接平行的词、词组或分句and,but,notonly…but(also)…,whether…ornot,aswellas,both…and,for,or,otherwise…2.从属连词：用来引导从句after,when,where,if,because,as,since,asif,asthough,though/although…3.分词连词：supposing(假设)，provided(倘若)，considering(考虑到)4.短语连词：assoonas,inorderthat,aslongas…三.常用连词:1.表示并列的连词：and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…or,orelse(否则,或者),otherwise(否则)例如：YourfatherlivesandworksinJinan.Amanshouldhavebothcourageandperseverance.It’sneitherhotinsummer,norcoldinwinter.Hurryup,orelseyou’llmissthelastbus.Whichdoyouprefer,friedchickenorfish?[注意]1)在口语中，常用and连接两个动词表示目的，相当于不定式。例如：Goandtellhim.2)在祈使句中，and前面的部分用来表示假设或条件。例如：Tryagain,andyou’llsucceed.2.表示意思转折的连词：but,however,nevertheless,yet…例如：Heworkedhard,buthefailedatlast.I’dliketogowithyou,however,myhandarefull.Shefailedmanytimes,nevertheless,shewentonwithexperiment.她虽然失败了多次，然而她继续试验去。Thisisagloriousyetdifficulttask.这是一项光荣而艰巨的任务。3.表示因果关系的连词：because,for,since,as(既然，因为),therefore,so,etc.1)as引导的从句表示明显为人所知的理由或不如句子其余部分重要，它一般放于句首，也可放在主句之后，常用语口语中，语气较because,since弱。2)because语气最重,引导的原因一般回答why提出的问题,它是句子重心所在,一般位于句子之后。3)since与as意思相近，语气较as强，也较正式些，一般放在句末，也可放在句首。4)for是并列连词,所说明的原因只是一种补充说明,它引导的分句一般不能放在句首。例如：Marywasabsent,becauseshewasill.玛丽因病缺席。Givethebabytoher,forsheisthemother.Sinceyou’reill,thenyoudon’thavetogotoschooltoday.Asalltheseatswerefull,shehadtostandtherefor2hours.Itmusthavebeenrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Motherisbusy,soIoftenhelpher.Youdon’tlikeher,nor/neitherdoI.Itrained,thereforethefootballmatchwaspostponed.4.其它常用连词：after,although,though,as（当…的时候，由于，按照）,asfaras(就…),as…as…,before,inorderthat,till,until,unless,etc.例如：Iarrivedatthestationaftertherainhadleft.Althoughshewasinpoorhealth,sheworkedhardaseveryoneelse.Asfarasweknow,weshallvisitthefactoryonTuesday.Shedidn’tcomebacktillverylate.Weallgotupearly,inorderthatwemightstartat7.Werunroundthecampuseverymorning,unlessitrains.ItrainedbeforeIfinishedmyhomework.四.连词用法正误巧辩1.Thoughtheyweretired,buttheykeptonlearning.→Thoughtheyweretired,(yet)theykeptonlearning.Theyweretired,buttheykeptonlearning.2.Shestudiesveryhardinorderthatshecansucceed.→Shestudiesveryhardinorderthatshemaysucceed.3.NeitherhenorＩareresponsiblefortheaccident.→NeitherhenorIamresponsiblefortheaccident.4.SheisneitherKoreannorJapanese.→SheisnoteitherKoreanorJapanese.5.BothheandIamwrong.→BothheandIarewrong.6.You’llcatchacoldexceptyoudresswarmly.→You’llcatchacoldunlessyoudresswarmly.7.Sheisnotsohonestlikeyou.→Sheisnotsohonestasyou.8.Thechildpreferstogowithhismotherthanstayhere.→Thechildpreferstogowithhismotherratherthanstayhere.语法练习题一.Completethesentenceswithproperwordsaccordingtothegivendescriptionsinthebrackets.（根据括号中所给的单词释义，用适当的单词完成下列句子。）1.Andersongoesa______（toanothercountry）forherholidayseveryyear.2.Thereisnotmucha______（connectedwithfarming）landinHongKongnow.3.Washington.isthec______（themostimportantcityofacountry,wherethegovernmentis）oftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.4.Thekingbuiltmanyc_________（bigbuildingsusuallyfromhundredsofyearsagowhichareverystrong,tokeepyourenemiesout）tocontrolthecountry.5.Riceandsoyabeansaremainc______（plantsgrownforfoodorforaproduct）6.Whatisthed______（theplacewhichyouaretravellingto）ofthatminibus?ItisgoingtoShanghaiStadium.7.Thisumbrellae______（allowssomebodytodosomething,makesable/possible）metostaydryintherain.8.Thereisah_______（verybig）amountofworkstilltobedone.9.CharlieChaplinhadabigi_______（effect,powertochangesomeone’sideas）onfilms.10.BigBenisoneofthel_______（famousplaces,placeswhichhelpyoufindyourwayifyouarelost）onLondon’sskyline.11.Hisn______（friendlyorfunnyname）is‘Fatty’becausehealwayseats.12.SheisresponsiblefortheorganizationintheLondonr______（area,partofacountry）.13.Thispenalwaysr______（helpsormakessomeoneremembersomething）meofRome,becauseIboughtitthere.14.Thecoachwilltakeyouthroughthemosts_______（havinggoodsceneryandviews,goodtolookat）partsofBeijing.15.Ishallrememberthathappydayf______（foralltime,always）.16.Io_______（saidorshowedthatyouwoulddoorgivesomethingifanotherpersonwantedit）tohelpher.17.Londonhasmanya______（somethingthatpeoplelikeandfeelinterestedin）,suchasBigBenandBuckinghamPalace.18.Sheisstudyingthec______（arts,ideasandwayoflifeofagroupofpeople）oftheAmericanIndians.二.选词填空：isourfinal______（destination,departure）.2.The_______（world,world’s）populationwasabout1,700millionatthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.3.Thereisnothing______（farther,further）tobesaid.4.Shewas______（amazed,amazing）thathecouldfinishtheworkinonlytenminutes.5.Sallyhasbeeninchinaforfiveyears,soshe______（hasgotusedto,hasusedto）theChinesefood.6.Whatyousaid______（reminds,remembers）meoflastyear.三.完形填空：Nearlyeverybodyenjoyschicken,andthemostfamousnameinchickenisKentuckyFriedChicken.MrSanders,themanwhostartedthis___1___wasnotalwaysveryrich.Atonetime,he___2___asmallgasstationnexttoahighway（公路）.Manytruckdrivers___3___theretogetgasandtakearest.MrSandersrealizedtheywereoften___4___,sohebeganservingsandwichesandcoffee.___5___thesandwicheshemadetastedgood,anddidn’t___6___toomuch,moreandmore___7___cametoeatathisplace.___8___MrSandersbegantoservefriedchicken.People___9___itverymuch,andhisnewbusinessgrewrapidly.Notlongafter,however,anotherhighwaywas___10___,andmanydriversnolongerwent___11___MrSanders’restaurant.Sohehadto___12___it.Thenhetraveledaroundthecountry___13___tosellhisideaofopeningfriedchickenrestaurants.He___14___.By1967,therewerealmost5000KentuckyFriedChickenrestaurants.Andnow,___15___yougointheUnitedStates,youwillseeone.Ifyoulikechicken,I’msure,you’llenjoyeatingKentuckyFriedChicken.1.A.businessB.shopC.lifeD.search2.A.foundB.workedC.sawD.owned3.A.passedB.gottoC.stoppedD.left4.A.lateB.hungryC.tiredD.sick5.A.AlthoughB.IfC.AsD.Once6.A.needB.payC.spendD.cost7.A.passengersB.driversC.studentsD.doctors8.A.ThenB.SoC.ButD.For9.A.ateB.likedC.triedD.drank10.A.appearedB.foundC.builtD.broken11.A.outB.toC.overD.on12.A.closeB.runC.returnD.take13.A.tryingB.believingC.thinkingD.suggesting14.A.failedB.failsC.succeedsD.succeeded15.A.wheneverB.whereverC.whereD.when四.阅读分析（A）“Idon’tlikemyparents.TheyalwaystellmeIshoulddothis,andshouldnotdothat.Itsometimesmakesmeangry，”saidZhangHua，amiddleschoolstudentinGuangzhou.Doyouhavethesameproblem?Perhapsyourparentshadthesameproblemwhentheywereyouragelongago.Whydoesitseemthatsomeparentsarenotsofriendlyintheirchildren’seyes?Oneofthebiggestthingsiswhensomeonebecomesaparent，he/shelikesworryingthings.Theyworryabouteverythingaboutyou，fromthetimeyouwereborn.Theydoalotforyou，thoughsomethingwouldmakeyouangry，becausetheycareaboutyouandworryaboutyou.Theyworryaboutyourchoiceoffriends，thefoodyoueat，yourworkatschool，howmuchsleepyouget，etc.Allthesethingsarepartofyourlife.Theywantyoutogrowuphealthilyandhappily.Sohowcanyoumakethingseasieronyourself?It’seasierthanyouthink.Justmakesureyourparentsknowwhatyou’redoing.Getthemtoknowyourfriends.Phoneifyoustaysomewhereelsesothatyourparentsdon’tcalleveryhospitalinthephonebooklookingforyourbody.Saysorrytothemwhenyoumakemistakes.Takeresponsibility（责任）forwhatyouhavedone.Talkaboutyourideaswiththem.Theymaytalkabouttheirswithyou.Mostofall，trytothinkaboutwhyyourparentsdothisordothat.Theyarestillpracticingbeingparentsandneedhelpyoucangivethem.Someday，whenyoubecomeaparent，theymaybeabletohelpyouhowtogetonwithyourchildren.1.Thewriterthinksweshould_____ifwegobackhomelaterthanusual.A.tellourfriendsB.telltheteacherC.saysorrytoourparentsD.makeatelephonecalltoourparents2.Thewriterthinks_____.A.it’swrongofparentstoworryabouttheirchildrentoomuchB.someparentsareunfriendly,whichmakestheirchildrenangryC.childrenshoulddoeverythingastheirparentssayD.parentslovetheirchildrenverymuchandthechildrenshouldunderstandthem3.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Parents’ResponsibilityB.HowtoGetonwithParents?C.ZhangHua’sProblemD.WhatAreParentsWorryingabout?（B）Theaim（目的）ofstudentswhocametoschoolistostudy.Buttostudyrequires（需要）arightway，oryouwasteeitherthetimeorthemoney.Thefollowingarethewaysofstudying.Thebesttimeforreadingismorning，becauseinthemorning，theairisfreshandthemindisclear.Forthatreason，wecangetgoodresult（结果）.Instudyingwemusthavepatience（耐心）.Ifwehavenotknownatextwell，wemustreaditagain.Weshouldnotreadthenextonetillwehavelearnedthefirstone.Whenwearestudying，wemustputourheartsintothebook，orwecangetnothingfromthebookwhilewearereading.Wemustalwaysask“whys”.Ifitisnotwellunderstood，writeitdownandaskourteachersorourparents，orfriends.Inanyp