英语必修5 知识讲解：话题语言应用-科学家与科学工作

话题语言应用——科学家与科学工作语言积累交际用语Ⅰ.讨论有关科学工作Whatkindofscientificjobdoyouwanttodo?你想做什么样的科学工作？Whatpersonalitywillbeneeded?需要什么样的个性？Whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful?需要什么样工作经验呢？Whyareyousointerestedinthisjob?你为什么对这个工作这么感兴趣呢?Howlongwillthetrainingtake?这项训练需要多长时间？Whateducationwillyouneed?你们需要什么样的教育背景呢？Howwillyouprepareforthiscareer?你怎样为这个职业做准备呢？Ⅱ．描述人物HowwillIrecognizeyou?我怎样认出你？Whatwillyouwear?你将穿什么样的衣服？HowwillIknowyou?我怎样认出你？Whatdoyoulooklike?你长什么样？Whatspecialfeaturesdoyouhave?你外貌有什么特殊之处吗？Youcanrecognizemebecause....你可以认出我，因为.....I’mtall/short,fat/thin,young/oldwith...我高/矮，胖/瘦，年轻/老迈，带/穿着......Ihavelarge/small,brown/green/blackeyeswith...我有大的/小的，棕色的/绿色/黑色的眼睛，带着......话题词句Ⅰ．描写人的外貌、性格、品质的词汇：brave勇敢的 cautious谨慎的 confident自信的co-operative合作的 creative有创造性的 determined坚定的 energetic精力充沛的 enthusiastic满腔热情的 expert内行的hardworking工作努力的 patient耐心的 pleasant令人愉快的，友善的 polite有礼貌的，客气的 positive积极的 revolutionary创新的severe严厉的 strict严格的 bestrictwith对……严格的Ⅱ.有关科学研究的短语：scientificresearch科学研究 setoutanewscientificidea开创新科学观点findaproblem发现问题 makeaquestion设定疑问 collectresults收集结果analyseresults分析结果 thinkofamethod考虑有关理论 findsupportingevidence 找到支持的证据Ⅲ.课文重点句-----试试你会了吗？1.是谁用豌豆来演示身体特征是如何由父母传给子女的？Whousedpeastoshow_____________________________fromparentstotheirchildren?2.谁提出了黑洞理论？Who_______________________________?3.约翰·斯诺是伦敦著名的医生——他的确太内行了，以至于作为维多利亚女皇的私人医生照料她。

JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—__________,indeed,____________QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.4.约翰·斯诺想面对挑战，解决问题。JohnSnowwanted________________________thisproblem.5.他决心查出原因。He_________________________.6.他没有预见到这一点，所以做了进一步的调查。Hehadnot____________,sohe_____________________.7.似乎罪魁祸首是水了。Itseemedthat_______________________.8.有一位妇女......特别喜欢那里的水，每天都派人从水泵打水运到她家。Awoman,...,likedthewaterfromthepump______________________herhouseeveryday.9.约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染的水带有病毒。JohnSnow___________________________that_______________carriedthevirus.10.自来水公司接到指令，不让人们再接触被污染的水了。Thewatercompanies_______________________________pollutedwateranymore.11.虽然他设法忽视这些，但是所有的数学计算都得出同一结论......Althoughhehad__________them,allhismathematicalcalculations________________...12.他的朋友们很热情，鼓励他发表他的观点。Hisfriends_______________and_________________hisideas.参考答案：1.howphysicalcharacteristicsarepassed2.putforwardatheoryaboutblackholes3.soexpert;thatheattended4.tofacethechallengeandsolve5.wasdeterminedtofindoutwhy6.foreseenthis;madefurtherinvestigations7.thewaterwastoblame8.somuchthatshehaditdeliveredto9.wasabletoannouncewithcertainty;pollutedwater10.wereinstructednottoexposepeopleto11.triedtoignore;ledtothesameconclusion12.wereenthusiastic;encouragedhimtopublish写作运用劝告信的写法1.写信的目的:劝告信是写信人就相关事件表达观点，说服别人信服你的观点，采取行动的信件。2.收信人：日常的劝告信可以写给各种收信人，包括企业、政府官员、父母、学校的人事部门等。这些信件既可能是对提交的法规表示赞同或反对，也可能是用新产品替换缺陷产品的要求。3.劝告信的特点：一封好的劝告信应该：清晰、简洁地说明情况；提供详尽的细节来支持你的观点；要用逻辑清楚的信息来说明观点；明确说明你期望的结果和执行的建议。4.写信准备：考虑三个问题：1）信是写给谁的？2）你想让他们做什么？3）让他们同意你的观点的原因。5.写信1）你要记住的第一件事是你和收信人是同一边的。也就是说你要对方明白你是为了他的利益考虑，而不是采取敌对态度。2）记住你是对谁说话，你对一个CEO说话与对一个管道工说话的方式是不一样的。3）要提及双方都认同的事情，让他们知道做这个决定是正确的。6.润色和检查：1）在信末要确定有要求处理的诉求。2）再次检查你的信中有正确的地址、合适的致意和信尾签名。如果是正式信件，要有写信人的手写签名。常用表达句型1.开头I’mwritingthislettertosharewithyouwhatIthinkaboutthematter.我写信来说说我对此事的看法。Iamwritingtoexpressmyideaconcerning/forthepurposeof…

我写信想表达我对......的想法/为了......Iknowyouhavetroublein...afterreadingyourletter.

读了你的信，我知道你在......方面有了麻烦。Iamverypleasedtowritethisletterofrecommendationtosupporthisapplication.我很高兴写这封推荐信，为他的申请助一臂之力。Iamverydelightedtohavebeenaskedtowritethisletterofrecommendationfor...我非常高兴应.......之邀写这封推荐信。Iamwritingtocomplainabout...我写此信投诉有关......2.信中Ifeelsomethingshouldbedoneabout...我觉得应该对......采取措施。Ihadenoughopportunitiestoobservehiminmanyways.我有很多机会在各方面观察他。3.信尾Ifeelthatitwouldbebeneficialif…我感觉如果......会是有利的。Iwouldbereadytodiscussthismattertofurtherdetails.我会很愿意进一步讨论此事。Iwouldappreciateitgreatlyifyoukindlytakehimintoconsiderationforadmission.

如果你考虑他的入学申请，我将不胜感激。Iwillbemorethanhappytoseeimprovementsinthisregard.如果看到这一点有所改进，我会很高兴的。Pleasegivethismatteryourimmediateattention.亟待您的关注。Thankyouforyourtimeandkindconsideration.谢谢你在百忙之中抽时间考虑我的申请/要求。写作范文：Example1Mrs.Hanley:AsaresidentofWoodlawnAcres,youmayhavenoticedthatoursubdivision(分支)signisinneedofseriousrepairs.

Forsometimenowit’sbeenovergrownwithweeds.

I’verecentlydecideditneedssomeattentionorpossiblyanentirelynewdesign.Enclosedisaproposedredevelopmentdesignfortheentrancetooursubdivision.

Theestimatedcostisabout$600whichwouldincludeplantandbuildingmaterials,andgroundpreparations.

I’maskingforasmallcontribution,whetheritistohelpcoverthecostoftheprojectorifit’sonlyanhourspenttoaidintheconstructionprocess.Asalandscapearchitecturestudent,I’velearnedhowimportantitistoestablishamoodandtheoverallsenseofanentrancewhenintroducinganewspace.

Ifeelthepeopleofthiscommunity,togetherwiththisnewdesignwillhelpgivetoourneighborhoodtheonlycomponentitlacks.Thankyouforyourhelp.Sincerely,

PeggyHill

Example2DearMr.O'Neal,Recently,yourmailcarrier,Mr.Johnson,hasbeenunabletodelivermailtoyouraddressbecauseofyourDobermanPinscher.

Mr.Johnsonhasmadeseveralattemptstodeliveryourmailbutwasunsuccessfulbecauseofyourdog,whoapproachedhimandbarkedferociouslyathimeverytimeheenteredtheyard.

Becausewehavebeenunabletodeliveryourmail,wehavebeenholdingyourmailhereatthepostoffice.

Youcanstopinduringbusinesshourstopickitup.

Ourbusinesshoursarefrom:Monday–Friday

--9:00a.m.–4:00p.m.

Saturday–Sunday--9:00a.m.–4:00p.m.

Wewouldliketorestorehomedeliverytoyouraddressassoonaspossible.

Pleasehelpusbydoingoneofthefollowing:Keepyourdoginsideduringnormaldeliverytime.

Chainyourdogupduringnormaldeliverytime.

Relocateyourmailboxnearyourfrontgateratherthanonyourfrontporch.Pleasecontactusoncethissituationhasbeenresolved,andwewillbeabletorestorehomedeliverytoyouraddress.

Theofficenumberis(225)555-6585.Yourcooperationisappreciated.

Sincerely,

TimothyThurman

CustomerService

Example3Thisisanexcellentexampleofaletterofrecommendation.Thewriterisparticularlygoodatincorporatingspecificexamplestosupporthispraiseofthejobcandidate.DearMr.Shields:JohnSmithhasappliedforentrancetotheLouisianaStateUniversityMBAprogrambeginningfall2004.

IhaveknownJohnpersonallyfor15yearsandprofessionallyfor5.

Duringthisperiod,Ihavewatchedhimmature,developpromisingleadershipskillsandgaininhisbusinessacumen.

IbelieveJohnisapersonofhighcharacterandaveryworthycandidateforbusinessschool.JohnjoinedourbankfiveyearsagoasaJuniorCreditAnalyst.

Sincethen,hehasrisentothepositionofAssistantVicePresidentofCommercialLoans.

Johnhasdoneanexcellentjobofdevelopingorganizationalskillsandhasworkedwithalllevelsofmanagement,includingourCEO.

Oneofhismajorcontributionstoourbankinvolvedourcreditapplicationprocess.

Johnfeltthereweretoomanystepsinapplyingforaloanwithourbank.

Hestudiedtheapplicationprocessthoroughlyandwasabletocutitfrom10stepsto5,withoutexposingthebanktoadditionalrisk.

Hisinnovationsavestimeandfrustrationforthecustomerandalsosavesthebankmoney.

Johnhasprovenanabilitytoworkwellwithhispeers.

HewasselectedLoanOfficeroftheMonthfivetimesbyhiscoworkersandourbankhasreceivednumerouslettersofthanksfromhiscustomers.

Alongwithbeinganactivecorporatecitizen,Johngivesfreelyofhistimetothecommunity.

HeisamemberofseveralcivicgroupsincludingHabitatforHumanity,UnitedWayandYoungLeadershipCouncil(YLC).

JohnmostrecentlychairedthemembershipcommitteeforYLC.

Underhisdirection,newmembershipinYLCincreased15%!Asyoucansee,Ithinkveryhighlyofthisyoungmanandrecommendhimwithoutreservation.

Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmewithanyquestions.Sincerely,FrederickB.Alexius,Jr.VPLoanApproval(225)5555555ext.12■课本写作范文：DearNicolausCopernicus,Ia