【课件】Unit+5Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件人教版（2019）必修第一册

句子成分基本成分：主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、宾补修饰成分：定语、状语句子是否正确取决于：①句子结构是否完整——是否缺基本成分

②各种成分所用的形式是否恰当③是否遵循了所用词语的词法句子的修饰成分之一——定语前置定语后置定语大多数单个的词语（方位副词除外）短语作定语从句作定语定语从句interestingstory

good

book

happy

girl

my

book

her

pen

our

teacher

this

book

that

girl

Whatdifficultydoyouhave?Idon’tknowwhoseumbrellathisis?school

life

room

numberNick's

houseyesterday’smeetingfive

countries

tenapples形容词形容词性物主代词指示代词疑问代词名词名词所有格数词充当定语的词类及其他形式单词短语thepeople

inthepark

介词短语apieceofadvice数量词短语（前置）theboys

swimminginthepool现在分词短语thequestionsabove方位副词runningwater

developedcountries大多数单个的非谓语动词allstudents

muchmoney限定词thebridge

constructedlastyear过去分词短语theproblem

tobediscussedatthemeeting不定式短语前置后置TheAttributiveClause

定语从句用一个主谓结构限定名词、代词或解释句子时用Review1.Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisation

whichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes...(Ll1-2,P62)2.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworks

which

werewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.(Ll25,

P62)3.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhich

China’s

presentisconnectedwithitspast.(LL24-25,P62)4.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry

wheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.(Ll20-21,

P62)

功能指代引导词引导词类别review指人relativepronouns关系代词指物定语从句中的引导词在从句中起名词性作用时用主语宾语表语定语who/that/aswhom/who/that/asthat/aswhose主语宾语表语定语which/that/aswhich/that/asthat/as/whichwhose/whichAllsuchpeopleasarelikelytosucceedhaveworkedhard.Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.Ihaveneverseensuchafoolasheis.Isthisthesamedogasbityoujustnow?Haveyoueverheardsuchastoryashetold?Chinaisnolongerthesamepoorcountryasitwas.Chinaisnolongerthepoorcountry(that)itwas.功能指代引导词引导词类别定语从句中的引导词在从句中起副词作用时用时间relativeadverbs关系副词whenwhere地点原因why(状语)Theusageofrelativeadverb关系副词先行词从句中所充当的句子成分whentime等表示时间的词语状语whereplace等表示地点的词语地点状语whyreason原因状语thatway关系副词的构成和基本用法关系副词可以换成“介词+which”，但“介词+which”不一定能换成关系副词。when只可换成“in

/at/on/during+which”where只可换成“in/at/on+which”why只可换成“forwhich”Part1先行词通常为time,day,date,morning,night,week,year等先行词在从句中不作状语就不用副词：Doyoustillrememberthedays

(that/which)wespentinthecountryside?先行词通常为place,spot,street,house,city,town,woods,country等或point(地步),case(情况),situation(情形),position(位置),stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点先行词在从句中不作状语就不用副词：Thisisthehouse

(that／which)myfatherbuiltlastyear.先行词只有reason:Isthisthereason

whyyouwereabsentfromclassyesterday?先行词在从句中不作状语就不用副词：Iwon’tlistentothereason

(that/which)youhaveexplainedtous.先行词只有way:Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich)hetreatshischildren.先行词在从句中不作状语就不用副词：Theway

(that/which)hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.Icanneverforgettheday

.(第一次见到你)October1st,1949wastheday

.(中华人民共和国成立)restrictiverelativeclauses

1.when引导定语从句when

IfirstsawyouwhenthePeople‘sRepublicofChinawasfounded(从句本身不缺基本成分)张雨湘周槟

China-chic(中国风)receivedattentionin2018,whenChinesesportswearbrandLI-NINGchangedthingsup(改变了一切).whenIlikethebeautifulmountain

.(我们栽树)Afterlivingabroadfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown

.

(他长大)2.

where引导定语从句where可用于表示抽象意义的地点名词(situation,stage,point,case,position,condition等)后：e.g.Theaccidenthasreachedtothepoint

.

事情发展到了不得不请双方家长来一趟的地步。where/onwhichweplantedtreeswhere

hegrewupwhere

boththeirparentsaretobecalledin(从句本身不缺基本成分)王蓓高丽凡

EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.whereUnsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasons

.(他们表现不好)Ireallydon’tknowthe

reason

.(她突然病倒)3.why引导定语从句

先行词是reason时，引导词需根据其在定语从句中充当的成分而定。从why

they’renotdoingwellwhy/forwhich

hesuddenlyfellill(从句本身不缺基本成分)句缺少状语时用why；缺少主语或宾语则用that/which：e.g.Idon’tbelievethereason

hegavemeforhisbeinglate.我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。(that/which)龚晨钰王思辰

China

is

widely

known

for

its

ancient

civilization,whichhascontinuedall

the

way

through

into

modern

times,

despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible.why用关系副词where,when,why填空。1.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_____heshouldbeabletobeindependent.2.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities_____theycangainexperienceforgrowth.3.Thereason_____heresignedisknowntous.whenwherewhy判断引导词：1.从句缺什么成分就用引导词充当什么成分，缺主语、宾语、表语和定语用关系代词，缺状语用关系副词2.引导词的作用相同时看先行词表示的是人还是事物、是时间、地点还是原因，从而选用不同的引导词“介词+关系代词”代替关系副词的用法Part2介词的确定1)Istillremembertheday_______ImetTFboys.2)Theyear_______theearthquakehappenedwas2008．

onwhich①替代when：inwhich1)Thisisthefarm_______Iusedtowork.2)Heforgottheexactplace_______hehadhiddenthejewelry.onwhich(介词的选用取决于介词本身的用法、先行词和从句表意需要)②替代where：inwhich1)I'dlikeyoutoexplainthereason________yourefusedmyoffer.forwhich③替代why：引导词在从句中的作用指代关系词类别主语人who/that关系代词宾语whom/that表语that定语whose主语事、物（包括时间、地点和原因）which/that宾语表语that定语whose/which状语时间when关系副词地点where原因why说明：先行词指物且引导词作定语时，表所属关系用whose，仅代替先行词时用which。引导词的基本用法Practice:用适当的关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空1)I'llneverforgetthetime____________Iwaswithmyfriendsinthecountry.2)Iwillofferyouabetterway_________youcandothejob.3)Thisisthefactory________heusedtowork.4)Isthisthemuseum________theexhibitionwasheld?5)Idon’tknowthereason_________hewaslateforschool.6)Theway________MissLiuteachesEnglishisdifferentfromMissZhao’s.7)Self-drivingisanarea________alltheworldareonthesamestartingline.8)Doyouknowtheyear________theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?9)Wewereputinaposition________wehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.when(inwhich)inwhichduringwhichwherewhereinwhichwhyforwhich(that)(inwhich)inwhichwhereinwhichwhenwhereinwhichP.64thedaywhentheearthquakehappenedIwasonholiday

theday

whentheearthquakehappened.theplacewheremyfriendlivesSheworksnear

theplacewheremyfriendlives.thereasonwhyIdidn’tgetapay-riseIdon’tknowthereasonwhyIdidn’tgetapay-rise.theplace/timein/atwhichIfoundGrandma’sglassesThisisthecupboardinwhichIfoundGrandma’sglasses.P.64Completethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.ExercisePage64P.64where/inwhichwhen/onwhichwhere/atwhichwhich/thatwhy汪盼金政李豪黄天赐郑者1Underlinetheclausesinthesentencesanddecidewhethertheyarerestrictiverelativeclausesorobjectclauses.1ThereasonwhyhefoundGermansodifficultwasbecauseofitsgrammar.2A:Haveyoudecidedwhereweshouldgoforourholidayyet?B:Afterlearningfortwoyears,IreallywanttovisitacountrywhereFrenchisspoken.3Accordingtoanoldstory,therewasonceatimewhenthewholeworldspokeonlyonelanguage.4ThispassageintroduceshowChinesecharactershavechangedovertime.P.96限定性定语从句宾语从句限定性定语从句宾语从句限定性定语从句2Fillintheblankswiththecorrectrelativepronounsoradverbs.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.1Japaneseusesthreewritingsystems,includingkanji_______originated

(起源)inChina.2Nineteenfifty-threewastheyear________XinhuaZidian,ortheNewChineseDictionary,firstcameout.3Bones______symbolswerecarved,knownas“oraclebones”,havecontributedalottoourunderstandingofChina'spast.4Therearemanyreasons______Englishissowidelyusedaroundtheworldinthefieldsofscience,business,andmore.5Signlanguageisofgreatimportanceforpeople______aredeaforhavepoorhearing.P.96which/thatwhen/inwhichwhere/onwhichwhy/forwhichwho/that叶子娴胡静雲何千一邱钰慧匡琳淼

TheUnitedNations(UN)isanorganization___________aimstopromoteinternationalcooperation.Itwasfoundedin1945andhasabout190memberstates.Thisisthereason______theUNhasahugenumberoftranslatorsandinterpreters,sinceinternationalmeetingsintheUNareattendedbypeople______speaksomanydifferentlanguages.Translatorsarepeople______usuallyworkwithwrittenlanguage,whileinterpretersworkwithspokenlanguage.Meetings_______________onlytwolanguagesareusedmayneedonlyoneinterpreter,whilelargerevents_______________leadersfrommanycountriesgathermayneedover70interpreters.which/that3Completethepassagewiththecorrectrelativepronounsoradverbsbelow.P.97thatwhenwhere(in)whichwhowhywhywhowhowhere/inwhichwhere/inwhichTherearetwomainwaysthataninterpretercanprovidespokentranslation.Firstisthemethod______requiresthespeakertostopeveryfewsentences,sotheinterpretercantranslatethosesentencesfortheaudience.Thesecondmethodistheone______theinterpreter

listensandtranslatesatthesametime.Thissecondmethodismoredifficult,buttheplace______theinterpreterislocatedisnotsoimportant.Theinterpretercanbeinacompletelydifferentlocationfromthespeaker,listenthroughheadphones,andtranslateforanaudiencesittinginanotherlocation!P.97that/whichthat/inwhichwhere/inwhich4Matchthesentencepartswiththetimes,places,andreasons.Thenmakecompletesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclauses.

when/prep+which

ALuXunwasborn

BIhavemydebatingclass

1(A)1881

Eighteeneighty-onewastheyearwhenLuXunwasborn.

2(B)Sunday______________________________________________________________

where/prep+which

CtheoldestwrittenEuropeanlanguagehasbeenfound

Dlanguageisprocessed

3(D)theleftpartofthebrain______________________________________________________________

4(C)modernTurkey

_______________________________________________________________P.97Sundayisthedaywhen/onwhichIhavemydebatingclass.Theleftpartofthebrainistheplacewhere/inwhichlanguageisprocessed.ModernTurkeyistheplacewhere/inwhichtheoldestwrittenEuropeanlanguagehasbeenfound.whyEsomestudentsl