2023学年完整版Unit2Sportingevents情态动词

Unit2Sportingevents情态动词（1）一.情态动词的概念：所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含意.可以表达某种感情和说话的口气，但是它不可以单独使用作谓语动词。情态动词有：can(could)，may(might)，must(must)，haveto，shall(should)，will(would)，need(need)，dare(dared)，oughtto。要注意的是：1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2)情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。二.can,could和beableto1.cancould表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用于各种时态。如:(1)Canyoufinishthisworktonight?(2)Mancannotlivewithoutair.(3)CanIgonow?Yes,youcan.(4)Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2.只用beableto：a.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。c.表示过去某时刻动作时。d.用于句首表示条件。e.表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。如：HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.3.could也可表示请求。语气委婉.主要用于疑问句.不可用于肯定句，答语应用Can。如:1).---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.2).----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?---Yes,youcan.(否定答语可以用No,I’mafraidnot).在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。如：Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。4.表示惊异，怀疑，不相信态度。（主要用在否定旬、疑问句或感叹句中）Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless!Thiscannotbedonebyhim.5.can(could)+have+过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。例如:Hecannothavebeentothattown.Canhehavegotthebook?can't/couldn’t可表否定推测。如：IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。6.can习惯用法：①cannotbut不得不；如：Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.我不得不佩服他的勇气。②cannot(couldn't)help+doing情不自禁；如：WhenIheardwhatthelittlegirlsaidIcouldn’thelplaughing.当我听见小女孩所讲的，不禁大笑起来。③canbut只好，不得不；如：Wecanbutagreewithhim.我们只好同意他。④cannot...too...怎么……也不过分；如：Youcannotbetoocarefulinthechoiceofyourfriends.你在选择朋友时，怎么小心也不过分。三.may和might1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。例如：Youmaydrivethecar.MightIuseyourpen?No,youmustn’t.(用MayI…征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常用语中用Can。)2.表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)Hemaybeverybusynow.3.用于析使句中表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!4.表示请求或规劝。Youmightpaymoreattentiontome.5.“may(might)+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。例如：Hemaynothavefinishedthework.might的其他用法：①maynot表示一种礼貌的“不可”。如：Youmaynotleavethethinghalfdone.②might可表示忠告，责备。如：Yonhavebrokentwodishes.Youmighttrytobemorecareful.③maywell+原形，理所当然Youmaywellsayso.你当然可以这样讲。④May/mightaswell=hadbetter最好如：Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.我们最好是留在原处。Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.⑤May/mightaswell+原形+as+原形与其……不如；最好……不要；如：Youmightaswellthrowyourmoneyawayaslendittohim.你要借给他钱,不如把钱扔了。Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will四.haveto和must1.must表示必须，强调的是一种主观看法。也表示责任或义务.而haveto表示必须时强调的是客观需要。haveto可以用在更多的时态中。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作.（主观上要做这件事）Youmustobeytherules.(责任或义务)Youwillhavetodoitagain.你将不得不再做一次。回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’thaveto。如：Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?Yes,youmust.(No,youdon’thaveto.)2.“mustbe+表语”的结构表示推测。它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must。Thismustbeyourpen.3.must+have+过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问形式用can代替must。HemusthavebeentoShanghai.4.must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。5.二者的否定意义不大相同.Mustn’t表“禁止”,don’thaveto(=needn’t)表没有必要。例如：Yonmustn’tgo.你可不要去。Youdon’thavetogo.你不必去。6.询问对方的意愿时应用must。例如：MustIcleanalltheroom?五.will和would1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。Wouldyoupassmethesalt?2.表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneverdothatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain.3.表示习惯动作。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.4.表示预言。Oilwillfloatonwater.5.用“willbe”和“will十have十过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。Thiswillbethebookyouwant.Hewillhavearrivedbynow.可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时比usedto正式。并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。Thewoundwouldnotheal.Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek.7.表料想或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Whatwouldshebedoingthere?Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouallaboutit.like；Wouldliketodo=wantto想要，为固定搭配。Wouldyouliketogowithme?9.Willyou…?Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。Wouldyoulikesomecake?10.否定结构中用will，一般不用would,won'tyou是一种委婉语气。Won'tyousitdown?六.Shall,should和oughtto1.shall用于第一人称表示征求对方的意见：Whatshallwedonext?2.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中.表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Shallwebeginourmeeting?Whenshallweleavethehospital?3.shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告);HeshallhaveabookwhenIfinishreading(允诺);Heshallbepunished.(威胁)4.表示推测或可能。Theyshouldfinishtheworkbynow.5.should表示劝告、义务、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中。通常用should代替oughtto。WeshouldlearnsomeEnglish.Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.ShouldIopenthewindow?注意：should的含义较多，用法灵活。现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面句子：Ishouldthinkitwouldbebettertotryitagain.我倒是认为最好再试一试。Youaremistaken.Ishouldsay.依我看，你是搞错了。Ishouldadviseyounottodothat我倒是劝你别这样做。ThisissomethingIshouldhavelikedtoaskyou.这是我本来想问你的。从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。此外,Why/How_+should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到以外、赞叹、愤怒、惊异等感情，意思为“竟会”。例如：Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么来这么晚？--WhereisBettyliving?Betty住哪儿？--HowshouldIknow?我怎么会知道。Idon’tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。6.should表示允许。Itshouldbereadyatnoon.7.should+have+过去分词,表示应该做而实际上没有做到.Youshouldhavestartedearlier.8.should和oughtto都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。---Oughthetogo?---Yes.Ithinkheoughtto.9.表示要求，命令时，语气由should（应该）、hadbetter最好）、must（必须）渐强。七.need和dare表示“需要或必须”。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must，haveto，oughtto，或should代替。例如：Youneedn’tcomesoearly.--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,youmust/No,youneedn't.注意needn’t+不定式的完成式，表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。Youneedn’thavewaitedforme.作情态动词时，主要用于疑同句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。HowdareyousayI’munfair.Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?和need常作实义动词。有时态、人称和数的变化.所不同的是作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在否定和疑问同中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.Hedoesnotdare(to)answer.Don’tyoudare(to)touchit!Iwonderedhedare(to)saythat.Heneedstofinishitthisevening.4.need的被动含义：need,want,require,worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：needdoing=needtobedone八.hadbetter表示"最好"1.hadbetter相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。hadbetterdosth；hadbetternotdosth如：Itisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.She'dbetternotplaywiththedog.2.hadbetterhavedonesth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.九wouldrather表示"宁愿"wouldratherdo；wouldrathernotdowouldrather…than…宁愿……而不愿。还有wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.----Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?----Which___do?A.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherC.willyouratherD.shouldyourather十.情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Needyou…?Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn'tMustyou…?/don'thaveto.1）---CouldIborrowyourdictionary?---Yes,ofcourse,you____.A.mightB.willC.canD.should答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中ofcourse，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和may来表达，不能用could或might。2）---ShallItellJohnaboutit?---No,you_____.I'vetoldhimalready.A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't答案A。needn't不必，不用。wouldn't将不,不会的。mustn't禁止、不能。shouldn't不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。3）---Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.---______.A.Idon'tB.Iwon'tC.Ican'tD.Ihaven't答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。十一、带to的情态动词带to的情态动词有四个：oughtto,haveto,usedto,beto,如加上havegotto,(=must),beableto，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：Dotheyhavetopaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?Shedidn'tusetoplaytennisbeforeshewasfourteen.Yououghtnottohavetoldherallaboutit.Oughthetoseeaheartspecialistatonce?oughtto本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do等助动词协助。如：Tomoughtnotto___meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词oughtto后，所以用have。十二、情态动词+have+过去分词1)may(might)have+donesth,can(could)have+donesth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.Philipcan(could)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.2)musthave+donesth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。---Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.---Shemusthavegonebybus.3)oughttohavedonesth,shouldhavedonesth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.（事实上已扔了。）oughtto在语气上比should要强。4)needn'thavedonesth本没必要做某事Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn'thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.5)wouldliketohavedonesth本打算做某事Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.1.He

______

youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

A.mighthavegiven

B.mightgive

C.mayhavegiven

D.maygive2.Jenny______

havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.

A.must

B.should

C.need

D.would3.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?

-Yes,ofcourseyou_________.

A.might

B.willC.can

D.should4.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI______forher.

A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitout

C.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout5.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?

—No,you______.I'vetoldhimalready.

A.needn't

B.wouldn't

C.mustn't

D.shouldn't6.─Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.

─It______

acomfortablejourney.

A.can'tbe

B.shouldn'tbe

C.mustn'thavebeen

D.couldn'thavebeen7.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack______

behereatanymoment.

A.must

B.need

C.should

D.can8..Whenhewasthere,he______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterwork

everyday.

A.would

B.shouldC.hadbetter

D.might9.Sir,you_____besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.

A.oughtn'tto

B.can't

C.won't

D.needn't10.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.

A.hadto

B.would

C.could

D.wasableto11.--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.

--They_____bereadyby12:00.

A.can

B.should

C.might

D.needstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed13.－Willyoustayforlunch?

－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿,Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.

A.Imustn't

can't

C.Ineedn't

won't14.SorryI'mlate.I______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.

A.might

B.should

C.can

D.will15.Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI_______notfindthetime.A.would

B.could

C.might

D.should16.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe___yourlecture.

A.couldn'thaveattended

B.needn'thaveattended

C.mustn'thaveattended

D.shouldn'thaveattended17.---AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?---I'mnotsure.I________gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might18.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_________itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?

A.can

B.should

C.may

D.must19Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________agoal.

A.hadscored

B.scored

C.wouldscore

D.wouldhavescored20.—Writetomewhenyougethome.

—_________

A.Imust

B.Ishould

C.Iwill

D.Ican21.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleave B.Shouldn'thaveleftC.Couldn'thaveleft D.needn'tleave22.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I______

somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’t’tcut

B.mustn’t’thaveeatenC.shouldn’