应用文体翻译Lecture3目的论翻译策略与辅助性准则的解释性运用

[应用文体翻译：Lecture3]

目的论及翻译策略分析及应用

应用翻译原则连续统的系统特征文本类型论目的论原则策略论原则可操作性规则方法技巧论受众主体目的需求论文本特征论行为主体目的需求论辅助性准则准则1:

Deletemeaninglesswordsordon’tusethewordswhosemeaningaddnothingtothesentenceinformation.（删除无实质性意义的词语，即那些对句子信息意义不提供实质性信息的词语）生产率实际上所取决于某些因素，基本上更倾向于心理方面的因素，而非任何特定的技术方面的因素。

Productivityactuallydependson

certainfactorsandbasicallyinvolvespsychologymorethananyparticulartechnology.改译：Productivitytendstodependonpsychologicalfactorsratherthanontechnologicalones.准则2：DeleteDoublewordsorwhenyouuseafamiliarpairoradjectives,yourreadersprobablyneedonlyonethem.(删去复合结构型词组（totology）的语义重复性部分词语)

考察下列英汉词组信息结构与性质：fullandcomplete/trueandaccurateanyandallhopesanddesires/firstandforemostvariousandsundry汉语类似的表达法：粗心大意、奇峰异岭、奇形怪状、瘸腿跛足、心平气和、风平浪静、认真负责……真抓实干，跻身全国百强大县之列。

…….tostriveforrankingamongtheonehundrednationaltopcountieswithefforts.

准则3：

Deletewhatreaderscaneasilyinferfromthegiveninformation.（删略读者通过认知思维能易于从给出的相关或特定概念语义中推出的信息内容）

译例：学习下国际象棋的规则。

Learningtherulesforplayingthegameofchesslearningtherulesofchess译例：“燕牌”CKT-3A型窗式空气调节器是风冷式空调设备，能自动调节室内温度在适当的范围，它使用可靠，运行平稳，因而给您以舒适而安静的感觉。（许建忠：p.155）

“Swallow”CKT-3Awindow-typeairconditionerisanair-cooledairconditioningequipmentthatautomaticallyregulatesroomtemperatureswithinanidealrange.Itisreliableinuse,workssmoothlyandalwaysgivesyouquietcomfort.(33words)改译：“Swallow”CKT-3Aisanair-cooledwindow-typeair-conditionerthatautomaticallyregulatesroomtemperatures.It’sreliableandsmoothperformance

offersyoutranquilcomfort.(21words)准则4:

Whenawordimpliesitsmodifier,dropthemodifier.(当一个语词本身蕴涵有其修饰成分的语义内容，删节该修饰部分信息内容)考察下面句子中划线部分的信息内容：Don’ttrytoanticipate

inadvancethoseeventsthatwillcompletely

revolutionizesocietybecausepast

historyshowsthatitistheeventual

outcomeofminoreventsthatunexpectedly

surprising

usmore.改译：

Donottrytoanticipatetherevolutionaryeventsbecausehistoryshowsthattheoutcomeofminoreventssurprisesusmore.每一个人eachindividual真正的事实true

facts彻底完成了任务….completely

finishedthetask最后的结果finaloutcome我个人的信念my

personal

beliefs免费的礼物free

gift基本原理basicfundamentals将来计划futureplans可怕的悲剧terribletragedy高素质的新型人才high-qualitytalentofanewtype

准则5：Deleteredundantcategoriesorwhenageneralcategoryisattachedtoaspecificmodifier,dropthecategoryword.Everywordimpliesthenameofitsgeneralcategory,soyoucanusuallycutthewordforthecategory.(删节冗余性范畴或属性词)当一个属性或类概念和一个具体或种概念连用时，范畴概念词便别成为冗余信息。考察下面例子中划线部分的信息内容：Theeducational

processandpublicrecreationalactivities

aretheresponsibilityofthecountygovernment.→Thecountyisresponsibleforeducationandpublicrecreation.汉语中常见的范畴或属性词有：状况、心理、心情、活动、问题、事物、建设、沮丧心情、任务…….常见的搭配：发展过程失业现象很严重紧急情况救灾工作进展顺利教育事业大发展不利因素谦虚态度紧张局面

特性不凡混乱状态圆形大型（号）举止粗鲁性格老实颜色光亮在数学领域奇特

英汉范畴/属性词对比：沮丧情绪

dejection越轨行为

irregularities必要性

necessity嫉妒心理

jealousy沮丧情绪

dejection冷漠态度

indifference蛮干作风

foolhardiness过敏反应

allergy崇高气质

loftiness准则6：Simplifyordeleteunnecessaryexplanations.(简化或简略不必要的解释性内容或可以肯定读者已知的信息内容sharedknowledge)译例：…….该企业投入经费，研制出适合市场的新产品。

…Theenterprisehasnewlydevelopedpopularproducts.

…Theenterprisehasdevelopednewmarketableproducts.译例：人民解放军实施科技强军战略，加快国防科研和武器装备发展，培养高素质的新型的军事人才，建立科学的体制编制，发展具有中国特色的作战理论。（《2002年中国的国防》（白皮书））

译文：Thepeople’sLiberationArmy(PLA),inimplementingthestrategyofbuildingastrongmilitarythroughscienceandtechnology,

hasacceleratedtheresearch

anddevelopmentofdefenseweaponryandequipment,trainedhigh-quality

militarypersonnelofanewtype,establishedascientificorganizationalstructure,developedtheoriesformilitaryoperationswithChinesecharacteristics.（国务院新闻办公室提供）译文：Thepeople’sLiberationArmy(PLA),inimplementingthestrategyofbuildingastrongmilitarythroughscienceandtechnology,

hasacceleratedtheresearch

anddevelopmentofdefenseweaponryandequipment,trainedhigh-quality

militarypersonnelofanewtype,establishedascientificorganizationalstructure,developedtheoriesformilitaryoperationswithChinesecharacteristics.（国务院新闻办公室提供）[50wds]改译：ThePLA,withthestrategyofbuildingatechnology-basedpowerfularmy,hasaccelerateddevelopment

ofdefenseweaponryandequipment,trained

high-quality

militarypersonnel,establishedascientificmilitarystructure,developedtheoriesformilitaryoperations.[34wds]准则7:

Replaceaphrasewithawordorreplaceaclausewithaphraseifpossible.(能用一个词传达的信息内容就不要用一个短语——语言结构的简练化)译例：中国人民解放军积极开展军事交流与合作，对外交往的领域逐步扩大，内容日益丰富，形式更加灵活多样。（《2002年的中国国防》（白皮书））原译：ThePLAhasactivelyconductedmilitaryexchangesandcooperationwithothercountries.Theareasofitsexternal

contactsarebeinggraduallyexpanded,withthecontentofthecontactsincreasinglyricherandforms

more

flexibleanddiversified.

评析：多样、丰富在复数词尾“-s”的含义上都可以体现出来。此外，英语中的diversify意为“givingvariety（多种多样）to”；diversified(多样化的)在认知上意味着“灵活”，在语义逻辑上蕴含有“形式多样”。expand的词汇意义为:causesthtobecomegreaterinsize,number,etc.改译：ThePLAhasactivelyexpanded

anddiversifieditsmilitaryexchanges

andcooperationwithothercountries.准则8：

When(a)subordinateword(s)isusedtogetherwithits(their)superordinateword,dropthesubordinateword(s).

(当某下义词与上义词并列使用时，删节下义词。)译例1