考研翻译强化教程

考研翻译强化教程北京新东方学校宋平明2013年7月课程大致安排翻译宏观讲解翻译专题讲解一、翻译难么？1、您的预期？23452、历年得分统计总分2003年46.472004年49.552005年49.782006年47.622007年48.842008年49.76翻译5.205.325.173.604.274.653、我们的目标是？

5分保底

6分争取

7分优秀

8分卓越

9分不是人10分也不是没可能2011(46)

Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.

2006(48)

Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.

2004(61)

TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.2008(46)

hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.

2006(47)

Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamatteraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.

2002(61)

Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.

二、翻译有意思么？一条错误倍出的微博Tonightgoparty,I‘masexygirl.Isometimesgoodsometimesbad，thisisme,youdon’tlikeme，youcangetout！三、翻译考试形式英语一10分5句话150个单词英语二15分一篇文章150个单词四、翻译题型1、主观题2003年13万150人2013年30万第一：字体第二：字数第三：答题点2、阅读理解题“主要考察考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。”五、翻译题题型特点1、文章偏向于社会科学02：行为科学07年：记者的法律意识；03：人类学08年：达尔文的思维表达

04：语言与思维09年：教育学

05年：大众传媒10年：自然与经济的关系

06年：知识分子；2、长难句居多30个单词。难在结构3、技巧性较强2010.47Butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshould…….refertotheconcepts

ApeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralBC后浪推前浪

A+B+C

介词介词

六、考点分析词的翻译句的翻译翻译技巧1、词A专有名词：第一类：人名、地名熟悉：按照汉语约定俗成译法来译2008Darwin大卫德尔文达尔文2003Tylor

太乐泰勒Greeks格丽克丝Snowden不熟悉：音译/抄写2004Boas鲍尔斯2011Allen艾伦2012Chomsky乔姆斯基布什－布希（殊）侯赛因－胡笙肯尼迪－甘乃迪尼克松－尼克森里根－雷（列）根希拉里－希拉蕊克林顿－柯林顿奥巴马－欧巴马第二类：专业术语文中会给出一定解释：不给解释：一般按照字面意思直译疯牛病：MadCowDisease猪流感：SwineFlu禽流感：BirdFlu手足口病：hand-foot-mouthdisease口蹄疫：mouthandfootdisease黑洞：blackhole光年：lightyeareggwhite

Smell-televisiondigitalagewormhole?abstractexpressionism:抽象表现主义performanceart:行为艺术post-impressionism:后印象派heavymetal重金属TimeSquare时代广场Pandora‘sbox潘朵拉的盒子theswordofDamocles达摩克利斯之剑Fuckaway发改委？takemehome,countryroad我回家走国道wakemeupwhenseptemberend》一觉睡到国庆节B、代词201050题it内指代vs外指代

B50、Ait。找指代关系的原则：往前看平行看C、动词的习惯用法

restupon/on

arisefrombindbeboundupwith第一个作业！D、熟词生义词Introduce:介绍？School：学校/学院/？invite：itinvitesyoutothink邀请？Set：theconceptofsetinmathematicsSee:itisdifficulttoseehowthe。。。表面义不可靠，上下文重要Introduceafriendtoyougovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.

李莫愁Don‘tWorryLee李寻欢BeHappyLee黄药师Dr.Huang张无忌WhateverZhang小龙女MissDragon韦小宝HiBaby任我行LetMeGo曹操DoubleFuck容嬷嬷LetmetouchtouchE、生词不翻译：此时无声胜有声猜测：词根词缀上下文02.62A、词义选择B、词序调整C、词性转换D、增词法2、一般翻译技巧A、词义选择Youknowapersonbythecompanyhekeeps.Youknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps。分析上下文根据汉语习惯Dealwith…aspectschallengecustomertheyoungwife:妻子？delicateskin.delicatefingerdelicatedifference.delicatediplomaticrelationthecentralpartofwatermelonimmediatefamilyimmediateresultsB、词序调整80%直译20%意译EastChina东部中国Heart-warming心暖暖的You,heandI你，他，我Morningcall早叫？叫早！centralizedcontrolbehavioralsciencetheinflationaryuniversetheoryC、词性转换英语多名词，汉语多动词英译汉------名词变动词ForthestudyofnaturalphenomenonForthesolutionofmoralproblemsTheemphasisondatagatheredfirst-handemphasize对于收集第一手资料的强调Hisrichnessofsympathymadehimasymboltoanage.他同情心的富有使他成为一个时代的象征。他富有同情心，这使他成为一个时代的象征Hecalledtoinformmeofherreturn.他打电话通知我她的回来。他打电话通知我她回来了。BeforeChina’sentryintoWTO,therewerefearsthatChinawouldhavetomaketoomuchconcession.中国在世界贸易组织中的加入前，人们担心中国要做出过多的让步。D、增词法名词抽象VS动词具体science→inscience在科学里Evolve→inevolution在进化中Lookintothepast观察过去Reporttheirfindings汇报发现增词法：问题，情况，状态，关系，东西，过程，结果，事物，程度，范围，领域等等Afterallthepreparationsweremade,theplanetookoff.在所有的准备完成之后，飞机起飞了。在所有的准备工作完成之后，飞机起飞了3、句子结构

定语和定语从句，状语和状语从句，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，比较结构，强调结构，插入结构，被动结构，倒装结构，形式主语等等。七、翻译标准严复：《天演论》信达雅信：忠实原文→忠实的准确地理解达：通顺畅达→用汉语通顺的表达出来雅：文字典雅→考研翻译不要求大纲要求准确、完整、通顺翻译的两个阶段：理解和表达理解要准确，表达要通顺八、同学们的困惑1、理解不准确2、表达不通顺写出来的东东不像人话1、如何理解长难句长难句本身也是句子只要是句子，就有主干和修饰成分关键是找主干如何找呢？去掉三个东西副词、分词短语、介词短语例子：2008.462004.632007.48什么是主干五种基本句型主+谓Ismiled.Icome.Igo.主+谓+宾Ilovemycountry.主+谓+间宾+直宾Igiveyouagift.主+谓+宾+宾补Youmakemecrazy.主+系+表Youaresopretty.

关键是找主干如何找呢？去掉三个东西副词、分词短语、介词短语例子：2008.462004.632007.48什么是修饰成分？修饰主干的东西就是修饰成分主要是两类：定语和状语什么可以作定语形容词specialresponsibilities名词moviestarsmell-television代词yourcountry,myheartwillgoon数词介词短语anewchallengefromChina分词短语establishedconventions动词不定时：句子：定语从句Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience

什么可以做状语副词分词短语介词短语动词不定时状语从句Givenalotofmoney,Ifeelsohappy.Givingalotofmoney,Ifeelsohappy.2004.642、表达不通顺表达四大基本原则原则一：主干结构顺线走原则二：定语状语往前勾原则三：前因后果多主动原则四：名词从句依序翻（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）一个特殊结构主+谓+宾+宾补主

谓

宾

宾补

主

谓

宾补

宾

06。46二、专题定语定语从句插入语As被动结构比较结构形式主语倒装句状语状语从句代词名词性从句总结二、专题专题一：定语英语的定语占到整个语言的1/3的比例。英汉定语的不同：汉语：？A？英语：？A？前/后/前后都有定语的种类1、前置定语2、后置定语3、多重后置定语4、前后都有重点强调：定语是修饰名词的东西，名词周围的词、短语、句子要仔细看清楚。1、前置定语——直来直去ordinarythings

普通的东西/事物形容词作定语scientificrevolution

科技革命形容词作定语Galileo’sgreatestglory

伽利略最伟大的成就

名词和形容词最高级搭配作定语Driving

force

驱动力现在分词作定语15billionyears150亿年数词作定语Hundredthousandmillionbilliontrilliondecadedozenscore一个新的计量单位：1雷=12秒2、后置定语结构和意义比较简单——倒转乾坤ThisisaTVprogramhostedbyZhujun.theinformationusedthequalitiestobemeasured结构和意义比较复杂——一拆为二08.4608.46hebelievesthatthisverydifficulty

mayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.

3、多重后置定语典型特征：A（中心词）+介词（of）+B+介词（in）+C+….初级例子theinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusaspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.theeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds中级例句0748anunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.

0649

abusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.

高级例句Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.

本质1、theconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneral2、theresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.requireacquireenquire=inquire4、前后都有SheisabeautifulgirlfromTaiwan.她是一个漂亮的台湾女孩。她是一个台湾的漂亮女孩。SomedevelopingareasinChina中国的一些不发达地区一些不发达的中国地区Mankind’sinstinctformoralreasoning人类道德推理的本能Theanthropologicalconceptofculture人类学里文化的概念从大到小，从宏观到微观专题二：定语从句Thisisthecat.Thisisthecatthatkilledtherat.Thisisthecatthatkilledtherat

thatatethecake

thatwasputinthehouse

thatJackbuilt.定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句ZhangWujiisamanwhomyoushouldnevermarry.非限定性定语从句Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.翻译方法1）、前置法：当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“……的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词（先行词）之前。03.6105.4606.4912.英语二byusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.2）、单独成句当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候，往往要采用单独成句的方法。此时可以重复先行词或是将其翻译成它或它们等代词．2003.64

Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”

2004.TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.AustriaBrazilGreeceIsraelNetherlandsPortugalScotlandSwedenSwitzerlandSocratesAristotlePlatoChurchill

AbrahamLincolnRoosevelt

BillClinton

LewinskyMahatmaGandhiMartinLutherKingAdolfHitler

Picasso

LeonardoDaVinciMichaelJacksonDarwinMarxMaxEinsteinNewton……2005.49Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice

Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionsand

whichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldcontinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice

专题三：插入语插入语的形式：,。。。。。。,插入语的作用：修饰、补充、解释、说明翻译原则：前置两种情况：修饰的是整个句子时，放在整个句子前面修饰的是某个单词和词组时，放在单词和词组的前面总之：修饰谁就放在谁前面。China,infact,hascaughtupwithandsurpassedtheworldadvancedlevelsinmanyrespects.Theman,Isuppose,doesnotmeetyourdemandsforboyfriend.

03.65Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

2004.65Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind,andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.

专题四：as的用法一、as单独用二、as的固定用法1、as单独用连词1），像，2）当。。。时候，3）因为+句子副词同…一样非名词As….as….介词作为，当作，+名词3122、as的固定用法asawhole总体上Asfor=asto=aboutaswellasadv.和、也、又Asexpectedas…as…Notsomuch…as…..(47)InEurope,aselsewhere，multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.

99.71

Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.

经常表示作为、当做的情况Define……as……See……as……View……as……Regard……as……Take……as……accept……as……Recognize……as……Elect……as……Preserve……as……treat……as……专题五：被动结构翻译原则尽量少用被字不改变原意翻译方法主宾颠倒变化动词，直译为主动句用汉语的被动结构1、主宾颠倒在一个被动句中，如果主语和宾语的被动关系非常明显，我们采取主语变宾语、宾语变主语的方法来翻译。Tomwasconsideredagoodman.大家都认为汤姆是个好人。06.4999.73Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.2、直译为主动句在一个被动句中，如果主语和宾语的被动关系不明显，我们则采取直译为主动句的翻译方法。Shedidnotwishtobetroubled.她不想被麻烦。她不想麻烦。08.50(50)Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.3、用汉语的被动结构翻译“受到”，“得到”，“遭到”，“加以”，“得以”，“为….所”，“由…来”，“是…的”等结构。02.65Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected.专题六：比较结构引语：

LaosongisnotbetterthanTom.LaosongisnobetterthanTom.Noricherthan=aspoorasNobiggerthan=assmallasNolaterthan=asearlyas1、morethan在任何情况下都可以理解为“比…多”但是语境的不同导致表述的不同1、moreAthanBYouaremoreaclosefriendthanaboyfriendtome.Heismoreateacherthanawriter2、morethan…Amorethan+数词，表示“多于…以上”

Wehavebeenclosefriendsformorethan20years.Bmorethan+名词或是动词

Iwishthatyoucouldbemorethanafriendtome.MytriptoBeijingismorethansightseeing.2006.50Theymayteachverywell，andmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.

Cmorethan+形容词、副词或是分词表示“极其，非常”的意思。Myteacherismorethanstrictwithme.我老师对我极其严格。Myparentsaremorethankindtome.我爸妈对我非常好。高难度用法nomore...than...和……一样都不……ChairmanMaoisnomoreagodthanweare.Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanamanwithoutsoulisaman.not….anymorethan06年49题2、一些表示比较的介词above，over，below，comparedwith，nextto等词常可表示比较意义Hethinksthattheinterestsofthepeopleareaboveeverything.3、表示比较的形容词Senior高级，年长junior低级，年少superior出众，优于prior领先inferior下级，下等anterior前面，先前posterior其次，较后等08(49)Headdshumblythatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully.”4、ratherthan……ratherthan……而不是……2001.72

computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools.5、lessthan可以看作是morethan的否定结构6、less…A…andmore…B…与其说是…A…不如说是…B…或者反过来说：主要是B，次要是A99.72(72)

Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasanintellectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.

专题七：形式主语结构1、固定用法Itissaidthat…据说…Itisreportedthat…据报道…Itisestimatedthat…据估计…Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出…Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认…Itissuggestedthat…有人建议…Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认…Itshouldberealizedthat…必须认识到…Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat…可以毫不夸张地说…Itiswellknownthat……众所周知……2005年50题2It+be+adj.+forsb.+todosth.对于某人来说作某件事情是adj.要注意变化Itisgoodforyoutogiveupsmoking.07年49题/50题07.49Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.

07.50(50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.

3.It+be+adj+that…adj的是，that从句。

that从句，这是adj的。00.72(72)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.

专题八：倒装结构倒装指的是主干结构的倒装按照“主干结构顺线走”的原则，需要把倒装结构给调整为正常语序，然后翻译。需要知道倒装的原因倒装的原因1.only+状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用倒装。

Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。2.hardly,innoway,little,scarcely,seldom,never,nomore,nolonger,not,nosooner,notonly…(butalso),notuntil…具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用倒装。

SeldomdoIgotoworkbybus.我很少乘公共汽车上班。

3.so/such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成倒装句,表示强调so/such和that之间的部分。

Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.简单例子09.47Onlygradually

wastheby-productoftheinstitutionnotedtheby-productoftheinstitutionwas

gradually

noted复杂例子054646)主句Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed,andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.Asas

notso/as…..as….专题九：状语原则：定语状语往前勾种类：时间、地点、原因、方式等等(62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.friendly（表示人物）：友好的，友谊的neighborly：邻居似的，睦邻的，友好的costly：昂贵的，贵重的cowardly：胆小的，怯弱的hilly：多坡的，陡的hourly（表示时间）：每小时的，时时的lovely：可爱的，有趣的orderly：有序的，整齐的，整洁的soldierly：英勇的timely：及时的，适时的MotherlyGrandmotherlySisterly你妹的？专题十：状语从句状语从句的种类结果状语从句——保持不变Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.（10.英语二）04.63(63)ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.

As引导状语从句表原因表方式表时间如何区分呢？Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo—rough2percentofallCO2emissions?

Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.(71)

Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.

(62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.

回去重点思考07.47题。专题十一、代词句内指代：句外指代：模糊指代：it,this,that,whichthistransfer,hisprimarytask,I,we.

代词201050题it内指代vs外指代

B50、Ait。找指代关系的原则：往前看平行看0264)They

arethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionalthe