Jason高中英语句子成分及练习课件

句子成分及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。（二）主语：主语(Subject)主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”，“动作的发出者”

（一般位于句首）主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等7种表示。例如：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语

谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般位于主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.（三）谓语

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。（四）表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句等10种情况表示。例如：1.OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。

4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look

例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come.例如：

Ourcountryisbecomingricherandricher.

6）终止系动词(结果是;证明是)prove,turnout,例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

（五）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词之后。由名词、代词、动名词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:

make,buy,sing,cook等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语

宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语充当。例如：1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变主语补足语Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.（七）定语

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。主要由形容词，名词、代词、数词、介词（介宾）短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。

定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautiful

city.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（形容词）（分词）（名词）（代词）5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst

toentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定语从句)（八）状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式、非谓语短语、从句等来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）4.Hesatintheroom,makingamodelplane.5.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（状语从句）10种状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）

（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnwasaworld-famousdoctor.（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，即在一个句子中间插入一个成分,它不作句子的何种成分,也不和句子的何种成分发生结构关系,同时既不起连接作用,也不表示语气,这个成分称之插入语。通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：1、不定式（短语）做插入语Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.2、副词（短语）做插入语

however，generally，personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily……Otherwise，hewouldstillbeathome.3、V-ing（短语）做插入语

generallyspeaking，strictlyspeaking，judgingfrom/by，talkingof，considering等。Judgingbyhisclothes，hemaybeanartist.4、形容词（短语）做插入语

true，wonderful，excellent，strangetosay，mostimportantofall……Wonderful，wehavewonagain.句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！Hegavemeabook.(他给我一本书）在这个句子中，me作间接宾语，abook作直接宾语。如果一个句子中的某一个动词接了两个宾语，那么，指“人”的是间接宾语，指“物”的为直接宾语。而且，这两个宾语不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系，如，你不能说Iamabook.如果一个动词后所接的两个宾语能够形成逻辑上的主谓关系，则是宾语和宾补的关系。例：Weelectedhimmonitor.在这个句子中，we作主语，elected作谓语，him为宾格，作宾语，monitor作宾语的补足语，而且，此句的宾语him可以和后面的monitor构成逻辑上的主谓关系，即：heisamonitor.双宾语和宾补的区别一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogether

earlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelse

tosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；

句子成分练习题(二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：▲

1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.▲3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.▲

6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisdaughter.▲

8.TherearemanyfilmsthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.11.AnywayIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.12.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.

13.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?14.Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.15.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.16.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

17.Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.18.

Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.

19.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.20.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.???

▲

21.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeeting.▲

22.It’sstrangethatshedoesn’tcometoday.23.ItwasinthelibrarythatIfoundhimtoday.24.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenheisn’tworking.25.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.答案

1.主语从句2谓语3表语从句4宾语

5.间宾6.宾语从句7.定语8.定语从句

9.定语10.定语11.状语12.定语

13.宾语14.状语15.状语16.表语

17.状语18.宾补19.状语20.定语

21.宾语从句22.主语从句23.状语

24.状语25.状语四、选择填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetly C.nicelyD.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.dying()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where句子分类简单句复合句并列复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定语从句状语从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。五大基本句型一:ＳＶi(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶt

Ｏ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶt

ｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶt

ＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词)1.Thesun

rose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│Ｐ(表语)1.This

is

anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner

smells

good.3.He

fell

inlove.4.Everything

looks

different.5.He

isgrowing

tallandstrong.6.Ourwell

hasgone

dry.7.Hisface

turned

red.

基本句型三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│said│“Goodmorning.”5.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.基本句型四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。--Givemeacupofteaplease.--Giveacupofteatomeplease.givesbsth=givesthtosbＳ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)She

ordered

herself

anewdress.2.He

brought

you

adictionary.3.I

showed

him

mypictures.4.I

told

him

thatthebuswaslate.5.He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:

位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclose

thewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.名词形容词介词短语动词不定式动名词Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│Ｏ(宾语)│Ｃ(宾补)1.They

painted

thedoor

green.3.They

found

thehouse

deserted.4.He

asked

me

tocomebacksoon.5.Isaw

them

gettingonthebus.

a.ＳＶ

b.ＳＶＰ

c.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶｏＯ

e.ＳＶＯＣ

1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabecExercises:分析句子结构Youareastudent.Hefelthappytoday.Whatyousaidmademehappy.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.Helikespopmusic.S+V+PS+V+PS+V+o+CS+V+o+OS+VS+V+O划分句子成分Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.1.You

willtell

（your）friend

thatyou’vegottoschool.2.But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.[Anothertimefivemonthsago],IhappenedtobeUpstairs

[atdusk](whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingClouds

held

me

[entirely]

intheirpower.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语

谓语宾语状语（一）挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.(二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentor