高考英语构词法

Wordformationindependenceindependence(前缀）（后缀）(词根)Words1.Basicwords(基本词）2.Shorteningwords（缩略词）3.Combiningwords（合成词）4.Blendingwords（拼缀词）5.Shiftingwords（转类词）1.Derivation（派生）2.Composition(合成）1.prefixes(前缀）2.suffixes（后缀）1.合成名词2.合成形容词3.合成动词4.合成副词5.合成代词(1)转化:同一个单词由一个词类转化为另一种词类water水(名)---water浇水(动)(2)派生：通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀构成另一个单词前缀：happy---unhappy后缀：happy---happinessinter--之间的，相互的

internationaltele–远，远距离

telephone,telegraph,televisionco—共同，合作

coworker,cooperatesuper—超级

supermarket,superstar,superman前缀：trans—跨越，移

transfusion,transplant,transportsub—下面的

subwaybio—生命，生物

biology,bioengineering,biophysicse–电子的

e-mail,e-school前缀意义例词a-n./v在……上；向……；在……状态中asleep,alone,ahead,afraid,alive,aloud,aside,awake,etc.dis-v.否定，除去，分开disappear,dislike,disagree,discover,disappoint,etc.in-,il-,im-,ir-+adj.不，非incorrect,impolite,impossible,illegal,irregular,etc.mis-v.误mistake,misunderstand,mislead,misread,etc.re-v.重复，再rewrite,retell,reunite,rebuild,remarry,etc.non-+n./adj.非。无。不non-stop,non-smoker,non-smoking,etc.un-adj不unwell,unsafe,unable,unhealthy,unknown,unfair,er-+n./adj.在……内，相互，……之间international,inter-factory,etc.en-n.adj.置于……之中，使之……enjoy,encourage,enlarge,enable,etc.micro-n.微，小microcomputer,etc.mini-n.小，少minibus,miniskirt,etc.后缀派生词

名词v.–er/or表人或用具farmer,baker,visitor,cooker,cutter,etc.n.-ese某国，某地人chinese,Japanese,Portugese,etc.n.-ian某国，某地人；某种职业或地位的人musician,Egyptian,Asian,Russian,etc.n.-ist某种主义或职业者artist,scientist,communist,etc.v.-ment行为或其状态government,movement,achievement,etc.adj.-ness性质，状态illness,sadness,carelessness,etc.v.-tion行为，状态invention,liberation,organization,etc.v./adj.-ance/ence抽象；行为。性质。状态importance,appearance,absence,existence,difference,performance,presence,etc.n.-th性质，情况depth,length,width,etc.n.-ful（满的）量handful,spoonful,mouthful,etc.adj.-ability抽象；性质。状态possibility,disability,etc.形容词n.–al属于……的physical,national,political,etc.n.-an属于某地方的American,African,Italian,etc.n.-ern方向及性质southern,northern,eastern,western,etc.n.–ful/less（没）有……的helpful,useful,hopeful,harmful,careless,homeless,hopeless,etc.n.-ble具有……性质的reasonable,terrible,changeable,etc.n.-ish如……的foolish,English,Spanish,selfish,etc.v.-ive有……倾向的active,expensive,attractive,etc.n.-y多……的cloudy,windy,dirty,snowy,stormy,etc.n.-en由……制成的golden,wooden,woolen.etc.n.-ous有（性质）的famous,dangerous,poisonous,etc.-fy…….化beautify,satisfy,terrify,etc.-ize使成为……apologize,realize,recognize,etc.-en使变成……thicken,deepen,widen,etc.-ly状态，程度badly,truly,angrily,perfectly,etc.-ward(s)向……towards,forward,outward,upwards,etc.后缀：--lyextremely,friendly--edmanned(3)合成与缩写high+technology---hi-techbroad+band---broadbandbreak+through---breakthroughChineseSpaceAgency---CSA（中国航天局）information+technology---IT(信息技术）showcase展示outstanding杰出的breakthrough突破性的发现anstrengthenBTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTULbythewayberightbackfacetofaceIseeIseeyou.我找你．AreyouOK?thankstalktoyoulaterGuessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords1.Manycountriesimportmostoftheoiltheyuse.2.Hestudiedbiophysicsatcollege.3.Itisveryimportanttolearnhowto

cooperatewithothers.4.Allyourluggagewillbetransportedtothedestinationbytrain.5.Mycousinhasanexcellentvoice.Herdreamistobecomeasuperstar.

进口

生命物理

合作

运输明星trans--graphtele-super-co-vis-bio-sub--port-carryseebelowlifetogether/withmorethanusualfaracrosswritingMatchtheprefixorsuffixwiththe