【讲座】高考英语语法填空解题和复习策略

语法填空的解题技巧和复习策略

一、设题要求

二、解题技巧

三、复习策略

语法填空语法填空主要考查考生通过语篇，依据上下文信息词合理串并线索、还原缺失信息的能力。共10小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所提供单词的正确形式。形式：有给提示词；没有给提示词答题时间：约为10分钟

一、设题要求二、解题技巧给提示词的解题技巧：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词1、名词第一步、考虑名词单复数；第二步、考虑名词所有格；第三步、考虑词性转换(名词转换成形容词或副词)

名词考点1、考虑名词单复数；1.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.（2017全国1）2.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible

crowds(crowd)ontheroadsabove.

（2017全国2）3.Shehadturneddownseveral

invitations(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.（2017全国3）4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew

days(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum.（2016全国1）5.Recent

studies(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.（2016全国2）6.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings(painting).(2015全国Ⅰ

)7.Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe

changes(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.（2014全国1）名词考点1:考查名词单复数（主要从四个考试方向考虑）2.谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时确定名词为复数。3.名词前有oneof时,名词用复数形式。1.some,several,many,all,both,these等词所修饰的名词用复数形式。4.不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式。

名词考点2.考查名词所有格(2011·新课标全国卷)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmy

friend’s(friend)helentmelotsofclothes.2.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyits(it)mother.(2016全国1）

名词考点3.考查词性转换(名词转换成形容词)However,be

careful(care)nottogotoextremes.(2017全国1)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost

successful(success)ofthesenewlines.(2017全国2）3.Asnatural(nature)architects,theIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthickthewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全国Ⅱ)4.Justbe

patient(patience).(2014全国Ⅰ)ce变t:absence,confidence,consequence,dependence,independence,evidence,importance,silence,

violenceabsent,confident,consequent,dependent,independent,evident,important,silent,violent4.Justbe________(patience).patientconfidentviolent1)Freshfruitsandvegetablesare

_________(importance)toourhealth.2)Hebecamemore

________

(confidence)andrelaxed.3)The_______(violence)stormoutsideisjustthe

tipoftheiceberg.important给提示词的解题技巧2、动词第一步、确定所给动词是谓语还是非谓语；

第二步、如果是谓语，判断时态、语态、主谓一致；

第三步、如果是非谓语，判断用doing,done,todo；

第四步、如果此空不填入动词，则考虑词性转换。(动词变名词、形容词或副词）

考点1.考查谓语动词：判断时态、语态、主谓一致be1.Fastfood

isfulloffatandsalt;(2017全国1)2.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

is(be)oftenacceptable.(2016全国2)3.Yangshuo

is(be)reallybeauty.(2015全国1)

考点1.考查谓语动词：be5.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand

were(be)betooviolentforuseatthetable.(2016全国3)6.It

was(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.（2014全国1）

考点1.考查谓语：主动语态1.Butatthemoment,school

comes(come)first.(2017全国3）2.Whateveritis,make(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.(2016全国2）3.Thiscycle

goes(go)dayafterday.（2015全国2）

考点1.考查谓语：主动语态4.Later,engineers

managed(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels,whichbecameknownastheTube.(2017全国2)5.ItwasraininglightlywhenI

arrived(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015全国1)6.Onemorning……Aboyonabikecaught(catch)myattention.（2014全国2）

考点1.考查谓语：被动语态1.Whenfatandsalt

areremoved(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2017全国1)2.Steamengines

wereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017全国2）3.I

wasallowedtogetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.(2016全国1）4.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight

bemade(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(2016全国3)

考点2.考查非谓语动词：判断用doing,done,todo（1）非谓语动词作宾语v.+doing1.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017全国2)2.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude

introducing(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.(2016全国1）3.Still,theboykept

riding(ride).(2014全国2）

考点2.考查非谓语动词：非谓语动词作宾语v.+todo4.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants

toprove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全国3)5.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused

tostop(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.（2014全国2）

考点2.考查非谓语动词：非谓语动词作宾语be+adj.+todo1.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely

tobring(bring)yourworkhome.(2016全国2)2.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocool(cool)thehouseduringthehotday..(2015全国2)

考点2.考查非谓语动词：非谓语动词作宾语介词+doingFastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by

eating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017全国1)2.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout

using(use)electricequipment.(2015全国2）3.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout

being(be)lateforschool.(2014全国1）

考点2.考查非谓语动词：（2）非谓语动词作补语、主语1.Theyarerequired

toprocess(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017全国1)2.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term

resting(rest).(2017全国3）3.Ittookyearsofwork

toreduce(reduce)theindustrualpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014全国1）

考点2.考查非谓语动词：（3）非谓语动词作定语1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter

permitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国1)2.Astudyoftravelersconducted(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisor

names

Yangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全国1）

考点2.考查非谓语动词：（3）非谓语动词作定语3.Theadobedwellingsbuilt(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthweat

areadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全国2)4.Itregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople

living(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全国1）

考点2.考查非谓语动词：（4）非谓语动词作状语Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,using(use)twigstoremoveit.(2016全国3)2.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreate(create)specialdesigns.(2016全国3)doing主动进行done被动完成todo目的将来（5）.Itisinthecoldestpartofwinter,withthewind_________(howl)

outside.

with+n.+doing主动with+n.+done被动with+n.+todo将来

howling

考点3.考查动词转换成名词、形容词、副词（1）动词转换成名词1.Thisdeelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesknownastheTube.(2017全国2）2.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher

education(educate).(2017全国3）3.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstopattraction(attract).(2016全国1）

4.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof

achievement(achieve).(2016全国2）5.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe

development(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016全国3）

（2）动词转换成形容词1.Whilethereareamazing(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.(2014全国卷1)2.Someofthemlookedveryanxiousand

disappointed(disappoint).(2014全国卷2)surprise,amaze,shock,astonish,please,excite,interest,amuse,confuse,satisfy分词形容词surprised,amazed,shocked,astonished,pleased,excited,interested,amused,confused,satisfiedsurprising,amazing,shocking,astonishing,pleasing,exciting,interesting,amusing,confusing,satisfyingconfusedinteresting1）Iwasso

______(excite)

Icouldhardlyfallasleeplastnight.

2）ThingswerehappeningtooquicklyandMarywas

________(confuse).3)Yougetan

_________(interest)

mealforareasonableprice.excited给提示词的解题技巧3、形容词、副词第一步、考虑形容词、副词相互转换；形容词：修饰名词、系动词之后副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子第二步、考虑形容词或副词的比较级或最高级；第三步、考虑此形容词或副词的反义词或词性转换(形容词转换成名词）。

考点1.形容词、副词相互转换1.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017全国2)2.Itiscertainly(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2017全国3）3.Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016全国1）4.Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly(regular).(2016全国2）

5.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhichgradually(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.(2017全国2)6.AbercrombieandKent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全国1)7.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesononhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowly(slow)duringcoolnights.(2015全国2）

8.Theriverwassopollutedthatitactually(actual)caughtfireandburned.(2014全国1)9.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers

suddenly(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.(2014全国2)

考点2.考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级；1.Even

worse(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeoplewilleatgoes(2017全国1)2.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseofgreater(great)and

lessimportance.(2016全国2）3.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveriscleaner(clean)thanever.(2014全国1）比较级的句型及标志词1、“比较级+and+比较级”越来越2、the+比较级,the+比较级越……,越……3.keywords:than，有much,agreatdeal，alot,alittle,abit,even修饰形容词或副词用于加强语气最高级的标志词：the+最高级,in,of表范围

考点3.考查词性转换(形容词转换成名词）

1.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir

ability(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全国2）

给提示词的解题技巧4、代词考虑代词的其他形式，如人称代词的主格和宾格、物主代词和反身代词等。1.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyits(it)mother.(2016全国1）2.Afewhoursbefore,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,withits(it)chokingsmog.(2016全国1)3.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s

me/mine(I).(2014全国2)

没给提示词的解题技巧1、代词(1)如果句子中缺少主语、宾语或表语，往往用代词的主格、宾格、反身代词或it。(2)如果横线后面是名词，而且名词的意义不完整，则在横线上加冠词或物主代词等。1.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peopleusing

iteveryday.(2017全国2）

没给提示词的解题技巧2、冠词如果横线后面是名词，而且名词的意义不完整，则在横线上加冠词或物主代词等。（1）固定短语中的冠词（2）冠词的泛指、特指

（3）形容词最高级前1.Asa

result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017全国1）2.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthe

top.(2017全国2）3.Instead,sheisearning$6500adayas

a

modelinNewYork.(2017全国3）

4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,the

otheriswithmum.(2016全国1）5.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor

a

while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.(2016全国2）

6.TheadobedwellingsbuiltbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhe

mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全国2）7.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofthemostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.(2014全国1）

没给提示词的解题技巧3、介词如果横线后是名词、代词或动词-ing形式，它的意义是完整的，不缺少限定词，往往加介词。(1)介词的基本用法(2)介词固定搭配1.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunityas

amethodoffightingheartdisease,hasbadsomeunintendedsideeffects.(2017全国1）

2.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreein

engineeringorarchitecture.(2017全国3）

没给提示词的解题技巧3、介词(2)介词固定搭配Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2017全国2）2.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s.(2016全国1）3.Mostofusaremorefocused

onourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.(2016全国2）

没给提示词的解题技巧3、介词(2)介词固定搭配4.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwith

theirhands.(2016全国卷3)ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhourawayby

carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.(2015全国卷1)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;at

thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015全国卷2)

没给提示词的解题技巧3、介词(2)介词固定搭配7.Igotaplacenext

tothewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.(2014全国2）没

给提示词的解题技巧4、连词并列单词、短语或者并列句时，通常选择连词and,but,or。

连接两个句子时要根据结构判断是并列句、定语从句、名词性从句还是状语从句。根据句意判断两句话之间的逻辑关系。

考点1、并列单词、短语或者并列句时，通常选择连词and,but,orInmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,and

Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.(2016全国3）

Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays

orevenafewmonths.(2014全国1）Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.(2014全国2）

考点2、定语从句Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,which

isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017全国1）2.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver

which/that

arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2016全国3）3.Maybeyouhave

ahabit

which/that

isdrivingyourfamilycrazy..(2014全国1）

4.ButSarah,who

hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全国3)5.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,who

livedfromroughly551to479BC,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016全国3）6.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrecuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国1)

考点3、状语从句1.Overtime,as/when

thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.(2016全国3）

考点4、名词性从句1.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhow

thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全国2）

没给提示词的解题技巧5、助动词或情态动词1.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”(2014全国2）

没给提示词的解题技巧6、固定结构及时间副词1.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductiveaspossiblebeforelunch.(2016全国2）2.Afewhoursbefore/earlier,I’d

beenathomeinHongKong,withitschokingsmog.(2015全国1）

难点：词性转换（1）动词、形容词转换成名词Thisdeelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesknownastheTube.(2017全国2）Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher

education(educate).(2017全国3）B