Chapter Six International Trade Practice经贸英语 国际贸易实务

ChapterSix

InternationalTradePractice国际贸易实务TextAIncoterms2010

TeachingobjectivesTomasterIncoterms2010Teachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesIncoterms2010SkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressions

definev.下定义;规定,使明确

deliverv.递送,交付,使分娩;投递,传送

prioradj.优先的；占先的

versionn.版本；译文，译本；说法

frontiern.边疆，边境；adj.边疆的，边界的；新垦地的，边地的；开拓的WordsandExpressionsquayn.码头，埠头

categoryn.类型，部门，种类，类别，类目；［逻，哲］范畴；体重等级

regardlessof不顾，不管

moden.方式；状况；时尚，风尚；调式

premisesn.(pl)房屋连同附属建筑和土地；房产WordsandExpressionsmaximumn.最大量，最大数adj.最多的

obligationn.(法律或道义上的)义务，职责，责任

destinationn.目的地

explicitadj.

(指陈述)明白表示的，明确的；（指人）说话明白正确的

tothis/thateffect有这个/那个意思或信息WordsandExpressionshandover交出；交付；交给；让与

terminaln.终端；终点站；航站楼

exceptfor除……之外（但……不包括在内）

assumev.承担，担任

inlandadj.内地的，内陆的；国内的adv.向内地，在内地；向内陆，在内陆n.内地，内陆；国内WordsandExpressionsalongsideprep.在……旁边；横靠；傍着adv.在……的侧面；在……旁边；与……并排

containern.集装箱，货柜

bulkn.（大）体积；大块，大量；大多数，大部分adj.大批的，大量的；散装的

vesseln.容器；船，飞船；血管，管束

nominatev.指定（时间、日期、名称等）;提名……为候选人；任命；挑选

applicableadj.适当的；可应用的Para.1Theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms,Incoterms2010defines11rules,reducingthe13usedinIncoterms2000byintroducingtwonewrules(“DeliveredatTerminal”,DAT;“DeliveredatPlace”,DAP)thatreplacefourrulesofthepriorversion(“DeliveredatFrontier”,DAF;“DeliveredExShip”,DES;“DeliveredExQuay”,DEQ;“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”,DDU).Inthepriorversion,therulesweredividedintofourcategories,butthe11pre-definedtermsofIncoterms2010aresubdividedintotwocategoriesbasedonlyonmethodofdelivery.Thelargergroupofsevenrulesappliesregardlessofthemethodoftransport,withthesmallergroupoffourbeingapplicableonlytosalesthatsolelyinvolvetransportationoverwater.NoteforUnderstandingPara.12.Theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms,Incoterms2010defines11rules,reducingthe13usedinIncoterms2000byintroducingtwonewrules(“DeliveredatTerminal”,DAT;“DeliveredatPlace”,DAP)thatreplacefourrulesofthepriorversion(“DeliveredatFrontier”,DAF;“DeliveredExShip”,DES;“DeliveredExQuay”,DEQ;“DeliveredDutyUnpaid”,DDU).此长句的主句为Incoterms2010defines11rules，theeighthpublishedsetofpre-definedterms作Incoterms2010的同位语，reducing…为现在分词短语作状语。全句意为：第八套业已定义并出版的术语——《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》定义了11条规则，它引入了两条新规则：终点站交货（DAT）和目的地交货（DAP），代替《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》中的边境交货（DAF）、船边交货（DES）、目的港交货（DEQ）和未完税交货（DDU）4条规则，从而将《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的13条规则减少（到11条）。Para.2and3RulesforAnyMode(s)ofTransport

ThesevenrulesdefinedbyIncoterms2010foranymode(s)oftransportationare:

EXW—ExWorks(namedplaceofdelivery)

Thesellermakesthegoodsavailableatitspremises.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationonthebuyerandminimumobligationsontheseller.TheExWorkstermisoftenusedwhenmakinganinitialquotationforthesaleofgoodswithoutanycostsincluded.EXWmeansthatasellerhasthegoodsreadyforcollectionathispremises(works,factory,warehouse,plant)onthedateagreedupon.Thebuyerpaysalltransportationcostsandalsobearstherisksforbringingthegoodstotheirfinaldestination.Thesellerdoesn’tloadthegoodsoncollectingvehiclesanddoesn’tclearthemforexport.Ifthesellerdoesloadthegoods,hedoessoatthebuyer’sriskandcost.Ifpartieswishthesellertoberesponsiblefortheloadingofthegoodsondepartureandtobeartheriskandallcostsofsuchloading,thismustbemadeclearbyaddingexplicitwordingtothiseffectinthecontractofsale.Para.4,5and6FCA—FreeCarrier(namedplaceofdelivery)

Thesellerhandsoverthegoods,clearedforexport,intothedisposalofthefirstcarrier(namedbythebuyer)atthenamedplace.Thesellerpaysforcarriagetothenamedpointofdelivery,andriskpasseswhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier.

CPT—CarriagePaidTo(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriage.Risktransferstothebuyeruponhandinggoodsovertothefirstcarrier.

CIP—CarriageandInsurancePaidto(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriageandinsurancetothenameddestinationpoint,butriskpasseswhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrier.Para.7,8and9DAT—DeliveredatTerminal(namedterminalatportorplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriagetotheterminal,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallrisksuptothepointthatthegoodsareunloadedattheterminal.

DAP—DeliveredatPlace(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerpaysforcarriagetothenamedplace,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallriskspriortothepointthatthegoodsarereadyforunloadingbythebuyer.

DDP—DeliveredDutyPaid(namedplaceofdestination)

Thesellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.Thistermplacesthemaximumobligationsonthesellerandminimumobligationsonthebuyer.NoteforUnderstandingPara.7,8and93.Thesellerpaysforcarriagetotheterminal,exceptforcostsrelatedtoimportclearance,andassumesallrisksuptothepointthatthegoodsareunloadedattheterminal.

此句为and连接的并列句。第一个分句中含有由exceptfor引导的介词短语，在分句中作状语。全句意为：卖方支付（货物）到目的地的运费（进口清关费用除外），并承担货物在目的地卸下之前的一切风险。

4.Thesellerisresponsiblefordeliveringthegoodstothenamedplaceinthecountryofthebuyer,andpaysallcostsinbringingthegoodstothedestinationincludingimportdutiesandtaxes.

此句为and连接的并列句。全句意为：卖方负责将货物运至买方所在国家的指定目的地，并支付将货物运至目的地的包括进口关税在内的一切费用。Para.10and11RulesforSeaandInlandWaterwayTransport

ThefourrulesdefinedbyIncoterms2010forinternationaltradewheretransportationisentirelyconductedbywaterare:

FAS—FreeAlongsideShip(namedportofshipment)

Thesellermustplacethegoodsalongsidetheshipatthenamedport.Thesellermustclearthegoodsforexport.ItissuitableonlyformaritimetransportbutNOTformultimodalseatransportincontainers(seeIncoterms2010,ICCpublication715).Thistermistypicallyusedforheavy-liftorbulkcargo.Para.12FOB—FreeonBoard(namedportofshipment)

Thesellermustloadthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyer.Costandriskaredividedwhenthegoodsareactuallyonboardofthevessel(thisruleisnew!).Thesellermustclearthegoodsforexport.ThetermisapplicableformaritimeandinlandwaterwaytransportonlybutNOTformultimodalseatransportincontainers(seeIncoterms2010,ICCpublication715).Thebuyermustinstructthesellerthedetailsofthevesselandtheportwherethegoodsaretobeloaded,andthereisnoreferenceto,orprovisionfor,theuseofacarrierorforwarder.ThistermhasbeengreatlymisusedoverthelastthreedecadeseversinceIncoterms1980explainedthatFCAshouldbeusedforcontainershipments.Para.13and14CFR—CostandFreight(namedportofdestination)

Thesellermustpaythecostsandfreighttobringthegoodstotheportofdestination.However,riskistransferredtothebuyeroncethegoodsareloadedonthevessel(thisruleisnew!).ItissuitableonlyformaritimetransportandinsuranceforthegoodsisNOTincluded.ThistermisformerlyknownasCNF(C&F).

CIF—Cost,InsuranceandFreight(namedportofdestination)

ItisexactlythesameasCFRexceptthatthesellermustinadditionprocureandpayfortheinsurance.Itissuitableonlyformaritimetransport.KeytotheexercisesII.

1.maritime

2.onboard

3.theseller

4.to

5.that

III.

1.Thepowersofajudgearedefinedbylaw.

2.Ishallhavetodeclineyourinvitationbecauseofapriorengagement.

3.Hecontinuedspeaking,regardlessofmyfeelingsonthematter.

4.Thefirmislookingforlargerpremises.

5.Thishallholdsamaximumofseventypeople.

IV.

1. 你没有义务为没有订购的货付款。

2. 他叫我滚出去，或说了这种意思的话。

3. 这顿饭非常好，只是第一道菜差一些。

4. 车靠着道边停了下来。

5. 这些麻袋不易搬运，不是因为它们重而是因为它们的体积太大。TextBCargoInsuranceGuide

TeachingobjectiveTomastertheCargoInsuranceTeachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesCargoInsuranceSkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressions

cargon.货物，船货

insurancen.保险；保险费；保险契约；赔偿金

guiden.指南；向导；入门书

transportv.运输n.运输；运输机

indemnifyv.赔偿；保护；使免于受罚WordsandExpressionsmarineadj.船舶的；海运的n.海运业；舰队；水兵

commencev.开始；着手，使……开始

encounterv.遭遇，邂逅；遇到n.遭遇，偶然碰见

invoicen.发票；发货单v.开发票；记清单

transhipmentn.转载，［水运］转船WordsandExpressionsautomaticallyadv.自动地；机械地；无意识地

beneficialadj.有益的，有利的

contingentadj.因情况而异的；不一定的；可能的；偶然的；［逻］有条件的n.分遣队；偶然事件

unobtainableadj.难获得的；不能得到的

innocentadj.无辜的；无罪的；无知的n.天真的人

externaladj.外部的；表面的n.外部；外观Para.1,2and3Whatiscargoinsurance?

Cargoinsuranceisaninsurancepolicytakenuptoprotectagainstlossofordamagetoyourgoodswhiletheyarebeingtransported.

Thepolicyismeanttoindemnifyyouifthereisanylossordamagetoyourcargo.Cargoinsurancewouldcoverthegoodswhiletheyarebeingtransportedoversea,airandland(includesparcelpostandcarryingsbycourierservice).

Althoughtheterm“marinecargoinsurance”issometimesused,itactuallyincludescoverforthelandtransitcommencingfromthemomentthegoodsleavethestorageuntiltheyarriveatthefinalwarehouse.ⅠⅠⅠⅠNoteforUnderstandingPara.1,2and32. Althoughtheterm“marinecargoinsurance”issometimesused,itactuallyincludescoverforthelandtransitcommencingfromthemomentthegoodsleavethestorageuntiltheyarriveatthefinalwarehouse.

此句主句为“it...includes...”，“although”引导的分句表示转折，位于句首。全句意为：尽管人们有时使用“水运货物保险”这一术语，但实际上它还包括陆上运输保险，从货物离开储运地开始直到货物被运抵目的地仓库。Para.4,5and6WhyshouldIbuyOceanCargoInsurance?

Whilephysicaldamageontransitclaimsmaynotbeaproblem,importersandexportersshouldbeawarethatover50voyagesayearencounterheavyweatherwhereshippingcontainersarelostoverboard.

Duetotheinternationalpolicyallshipperswithsafe-landedcargocontributingtothelosswillrequirethattheownerofthegoodseitherputupacashsecurity,postabondorwillbeunabletohavethegoodsreleasedfromthecarrieruntilafinancialguaranteeisgiventorespondforthecontribution.

Withanopencargopolicy,theinsurancecompanywillpostthebondandensurethespeedyreleaseonowners’cargo.Para.7,8and9HowmuchinsurancedoIneedtobuy?

Thestandardpracticeistocovertheinvoicecostplusfreightplusapercentagetocovertheanticipatedprofit(normally10%to20%isadequate).

Thelargestshipmentanticipatedwiththeaddedfreightandthepercentageofadvanceaddedisnormallythepolicylimit.

TheshipmentscanbereportedmonthlytotheCompanyandbilledattheendofeachmonth,sounlikepropertypolicies,thecargopolicycanbeissuedona“pay-as-you-go”basis.Para.10,11and12Whatisthedifferencebetweenasinglevoyagepolicyandopencover?

SingleVoyagePolicy

Thisisthemostpopularformofcargoinsurancecover.Avoyagepolicy,asitsnameimplies,offerscoverageforaparticularvoyageforwhichistakenup.

Itofferscoveragefromthetimethecargoleavestheseller,whileitisintransitanduntilitreachesthebuyer.

Often,theportofloading,transhipmentanddischargearealsorequiredtobedisclosedintheproposalform.Para.13,14and15OpenCover

Anopencoverisnotaninsurancepolicy.Itisactuallyanagreementbetweentheinsuredandtheinsurancecompanytoinsurealltheshipmentswhichfallwithinthetermsandconditionsagreedbybothparties.

Thesetermsandconditionswhichareagreedinadvanceincludedetailsofvoyages,maximumvalueofcargoescarriedinanyoneshipment,natureofcargoandpackagingandratesapplicable.Theinsuredwouldthenhavetodeclarehisshipmentstotheinsureronanindividualormonthlybasis.

Aslongasthedetailsoftheshipmentcomewithinthetermsandconditionsoftheopencoveragreement,theshipmentisautomaticallycovered.Para.16,17and18Theinsurerisalsoobligedtoacceptalldeclarationsmadebytheinsuredundertheopenpolicyiftheycomeunderthetermsandconditionsoftheopencover.

Theopencoverisespeciallybeneficialtothosewhoshipgoodsfrequentlyasitsavesthemtheneedtoapplyforcargoinsuranceforeachoftheirshipments.

Therewouldalsobenoneedtowaitfortheseindividualpoliciestobeapprovedbecause,asmentioned,allshipmentsareautomaticallyapprovediftheycomewithinthetermsoftheopencoverandadeclarationismadefortheshipment.Para.19IfIbuyontermsofsalewhereIamnotresponsibletoinsurethegoods,howcanIinsurethegoods?

IfyouarethebuyerandareimportinggoodsfromoverseasontermsofsalessuchasCIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)3,whereyouarenotrequiredtoinsurethegoods,youmaystillhavea“contingent”exposurethatyoucouldcoverifthesellerplacedcoveragethatwas“limited”andnotofferingthebroadtermsavailableintheinsurancemarketplaceinyourcountry.NoteforUnderstandingPara.193. CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)成本，保险费加运费

指卖方在装运港船上交货或以取得已这样交付货物的方式交货。货物灭失或损坏的风险在货物交到船上时转移。卖方须订立运输合同，或者证明其已取得一份这样的合同，并支付必要的成本和运费（向买方提交提单或海运单等），将货物运至指定的目的港。卖方须订立货物在运输途中由买方承担的货物灭失或损坏风险的保险合同。买方须知晓在此规则下卖方有义务投保的险别仅是最低保险险别。如买方希望得到更为充分的保险保障，则需与卖方明确地达成协议或者自行做出额外的保险安排。Para.20,21and22Whyisn’tthis“cargo”exposurecoveredbymyotherpolicies?

Cargoinsuranceismuchdifferentthanotherliabilityorpropertypolicies,thescopeisinternationalandtheextensionsofcoverageavailablearespecifictotheindustryandbroaderthanotherlinesofinsurance.

AnexampleofanextensionthatisunobtainableinotherlinesofbusinessisWarRiskCoverage.

The“cargoinsurance”isinternationalandallcoverageshavebeencreatedtogivetheinnocentshipperorimporterthebroadestprotectionavailablefrommostexternalcausesofloss.KeytotheexercisesII.

1.to

2.commencing

3.released

4.plus

5.basis

III.

1. Thesalvageoftheshipandcargowasunderway.

2. PleasequoteuspricesincludinginsuranceandfreighttoVancouver.

3. Weencountersomanyproblemsinourwork.

4. ShipmentistobemadebeforetheendofthisyearfromQingdaotoLondon,allowingpartialshipmentandtranshipment.

5. Agooddietisbeneficialtohealth.

IV.

1.若因甲方原因造成工作的延误，将由甲方承担相应的损失赔偿。

2.发展中经济体，如墨西哥和巴西，将在2040至2045年左右开始减排。

3.我们可以直接从发票金额中扣除佣金或在付款后汇给你方。4.这个框架将自动地查找并执行文件，而不需要任何手动干预。

5.下一步付款须视完工日期是否令人满意而定。TextCLetterofCredit(L/C)

TeachingobjectiveTomastertheLetterofCredit(L/C)Teachingprocedure1.Skimthetextandgetthemainideaofit2.Studythenewwordsandexpressions3.Studythetext4.DoexercisesTeachingemphasesLetterofCredit(L/C)SkimthetextandgetthemainideaofitStudentA’sanswer…StudentB’sanswer…StudentC’sanswer……WordsandExpressionsletterofcredit信用证

legaladj.合法的

instructv.指示,通知

notifyv.通报

shippingdocuments装运单据WordsandExpressionsinvoicen.发票,发货单

inorder整齐,状况完好

advantageousadj.有利的

negotiatev.(与某人)商议,谈判，议付

discountn.折扣openaccount未清结的账目，往来账户WordsandExpressions

eliminatev.排除,消除

documentarycollection跟单托收

draftn.汇票

releasev.释放，放出，公布specifyv.具体说明，详述

inthepositionof处在……位置上Para.1ALetterofCreditisalegaldocumenttoarrangepaymentbetweenanimporterandexporter.Itactsassecurityforbothparties,givingtheexporterconfidencethattheimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet.NotesforUnderstandingPara.12.Itactsassecurityforbothparties,givingtheexporterconfidencethattheimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet.

Confidence后跟同位语从句theimporterisabletopayforthegoodswhileassuringtheimporterthatpaymentwillbemadetotheexporteronlyafterthetermsoutlinedintheletterofcredithavebeenmet。全句意为：让出口商对进口商支付货物款项有信心，同时让进口商确信只有在信用证里列出的条款都履行后货款才支付给出口商。Para.2Oncetheletterofcredithasbeendrawnupandtheapplicationisaccepted,theimporterinstructsthebanktotransferthepaymenttotheexporter.Theimporter’sbankpassesthisinformationtotheexporter’sbank,whothennotifiestheexporterthatpaymenthasbeenarranged.Theexportersendsoutthegoodsandlaterpresentstheinvoicesandshippingdocumentstothebankinordertoreceivepayment.Thereisnoriskinvolvedwiththeexporterreceivingpaymentaslongasthetermsoftheagreementhavebeenfollowed.Para.3,4and5Fortheimporter,theLetterofCreditensuresthat:

●Paymenttotheexporterwillonlybemadeafterthetermsoftheagreementhavebeenmet.

●Thedocuments,whichhavebeenreviewedbythebank’sexperiencedstaff,areinorder.

●Theexporterisassuredoftheimporter’sabilitytopayand,asaresult,abetterpriceandmoreadvantageoustermsofpaymentmaybeoffered.Para.6Becausetherearenocontrolsoverthequalityofthegoods,youmustknowyoursupplier.Withthesupportofaletterofcredit,animportercantrytonegotiateanagreementwiththesuppliertoallowsixdaysforinspectionofthegoods.Withthisflexibility,thegoodscanbereturnedoradiscountcanberequested.Itisbeneficialfortheimporttoalsoincludestipulationsthatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations.Iftheimporterneeds60daystosellthegoods,itmustbestatedupfrontandnegotiatedwiththeexporterastheexporterwilllikelybechargedinterest.NoteforUnderstandingPara.63.Itisbeneficialfortheimporttoalsoincludestipulationsthatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations.

Stipulation后跟同位语从句thatthegoodsmustpassanynecessarygovernmentinspectionsandregulations。全句意为：进口时还规定货物必须通过必要的官方检查或达到相应标准对进口商是非常有利的。Para.7,8and9AlternativestotheLetter