基础液压知识培训

ISOSymbols标准图例HydraulicTheory液压原理1ISOSYMBOLS标准图例2WorkingCircuits

工作油路Continuous,solidline-Working(Main)Line,ReturnLine(lineconductingfluidfromworkingdevicestothereservoir)andFeedLine(mainlineconductor)连续实线---工作(主)油路，回油管路（控制从工作部件到液压油箱）和送油管路（主油路）。3WorkingCircuits

工作油路DashedLine-Pilotline短划线---控制油路(linewhichcontrolsfluid控制液体流动的油路)4DrainCircuits

回油管路DottedLine-DrainLine(drainorbleedline-lineconductingfluidfromacomponenthousingtothereservoir)点线---回油管路(从部件回到油箱)5Components

组件LongChainLine

-Enclosureoutlineforseveralcomponentsassembledinoneunit点划线---围住一个部装的几个组件。6ConnectedJunctionofOilLines油路交叉接点FlowLineConnection油路连接linesareconnectedasindictedbydot表示两条管路被连接在一起...7OilLinesCrossing

油路交叉LinesNOTConnected油路没有连接linescrossbutarenotconnected油路交叉但没有连接8Coupler

联结器Quick-ActingCoupling(uncoupled,closedbynon-returnvalve)快速接头（单向阀附近）910QRC快速接头HydraulicPump

液压泵Convertsmechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy将机械能转化为液压能。11HydraulicPump

液压泵FixedCapacityDisplacementPump(withonedirectionofflow)固定流量往复式活塞泵（单向流动）Outlet出口Inlet入口12HydraulicPump

液压泵VariableCapacityDisplacementBidirectionalPump(withtwodirectionsofflow)可变流量双向往复式柱塞泵（可双向流动）13HydraulicPump

液压泵VariableCapacityDisplacementDirectionalPump(withsingledirectionofflow)可变流量单向往复式柱塞泵（单向流动）。.1415BucketPump铲斗泵AlternatorPump发电机泵Brake/SteerPump刹车/转向泵HydraulicMotor

液压马达Usedtoconverthydraulicenergyintorotarymechanicalenergy将液压能转化为旋转动能。16HydraulicMotor

液压马达FixedCapacityDisplacementBi-directional固定流量双向转动1718Alternator发电机Alternatormotor发电机马达Valveprovidingfortheopening(fullyorrestricted)ofoilflow.阀用于控制油路通或断。Theclosingofoneormoreflowpaths(representedbyseveralsquares)各个过程用几个方块表示。DirectionalControlValve

方向控制阀19DirectionalControlValve

方向控制阀OpenCenter中间通

PilotActivated(threeposition)液压调节（3个位置）Controlledbypressure(withreturnspring)压力控制（有复位弹簧）20DirectionalControlValve

方向控制阀ClosedCenter中间断开PilotActivated(threeposition)液压调节（3个位置）Controlledbypressure(withreturnspring)压力控制（有复位弹簧）21SolenoidActivated(twoposition)电磁线圈调节（2个位置）ControlledbyanElectricalSolenoid(withreturnspring)电磁线圈控制（有复位弹簧）DirectionalControlValve

方向控制阀22PilotActivated(twoposition)液压调节（2个位置）Controlledbypressure(withreturnspring)压力控制（有复位弹簧）DirectionalControlValve

方向控制阀23Directionalcontrolvalvesmaybeoperatedinanumberofways.Wewillgiveyouafewexamplesofwhatusestoengagethesevalves.

方向控制阀有很多用途，下面将举例说明如何使用这些阀。DirectionalControlValve

方向控制阀24ControlValve

控制阀ActivatedByaPullButton(manual)按钮调节（手动）25ControlValve

控制阀ActivatedByaPush-PullButton(manual)推拉钮调节（手动）26ControlValve

控制阀ActivatedByaLever(manual)操纵杆调节（手动）27ControlValve

控制阀ActivatedByaPedal(manual)踏板调节（手动）28ControlValve

控制阀ActivatedByanElectricSolenoid(electrical)电磁线圈调节（电动）29ControlValve

控制阀ActivatedByanElectricPWMSolenoid(electrical)可调电磁线圈调节（电动）30ControlValve

控制阀ActivatedbyPilotPressure液压调节31ControlValve

控制阀WithSpringReturn(mechanical)弹簧复位（机械）32ControlValve

控制阀(HoldsValveinposition)-Deviceformaintainingagivenposition(mechanical)保持阀的位置---由装置设定位置（机械）WithDetent定位凹槽3334HydraulicCylinders

液压油缸Equipmenttoconverthydraulicenergyintolinearenergyandinwhichthefluidpressureoperatesalternatelyinbothdirections(forwardandbackward)

油缸将液压能转化为线性能量，提供一条线上交替的两个方向的工作压力（向前和向后）。35HydraulicCylinder

液压油缸DoubleActing;UnequalDisplacement(withsinglepistonrod)双动；不平衡位移（单个活塞杆）。3637BucketEjectorCylinder铲斗油缸有杆腔一侧无杆腔一侧HydraulicCylinder

液压油缸DoubleEnded,EqualDisplacementeachend(withsinglepistonrod)双头，两端位移平衡（单个活塞杆）。38Filter

过滤器StrainerorScreen-Forfluidconditioning滤网或筛子---用于液体过滤39Filter过滤器StrainerorScreen-Forfluidconditioningwithbypass滤网或筛子---用于带旁通的液体过滤4041MediumPressureFilterwithBypassVentedandFilteredReservoir

通风口和过滤油箱Reservoiropentoatmosphere油箱处于常压下4243BreatherFilter呼吸过滤器DustIndicator污染指示器Pressurized,VentedandFilteredReservoir

受到压力的通风口和过滤油箱PressurizedReservoir充压油箱44OilCooler

油冷器HeatExchanger-Thearrowsinthediamondindicatetheextractionofheat(heatdissipation)热交换器---菱形中的箭头表示散热4546HeatExcharger热交换器HotOilIn热油进CoolOilOut冷油出CoolWaterIn冷水进HotWaterOut热水出ReliefValve

溢流阀WhentheInletpressureovercomestheopposingforceofthespring,thevalveopenspermittingflowtothereturnport当进口压力超过弹簧的反作用力时，阀将打开，允许回流。PressureOil带压油ReturnOil回油4748PressureReducingValve减压阀WhentheOutletpressureovercomestheopposingforceofthespring,thevalveclosesstoppingflowtothereturnport当出口压力超过弹簧的反作用力时，阀将关闭，停止回流。PressureOil带压油

ReducedPressureOil减压后的油49CheckValve

单向阀(CheckValve)-UsedasReplenishingValve,LoadCheckValveorAnti-cavitationValve-OpensiftheInletpressureishigherthantheOutletpressure.Oftencontainsinternalspringwhichhasnosignificantpressurevalue单向阀---当进口压力大于出口压力时，阀打开。一般内含压力不大的弹簧。5051CheckValve单向阀CheckValve

单向阀(PilotOperatedCheckValve)–Pilotoperatedcheckopensreturnpathforoilwhenpressureisappliedtotheotherline.液压控制单向阀---当另一油路施加压力时，单向阀旁路回油。52Restriction

节流口LinewithFixedrestriction-AffectedbyViscosity(propertyofresistancetoflowingfluid)油路有固定节流口---受液体粘性（流体的阻力性能）影响。53节流孔><用于流量调节以达到执行元件的速度控制VariableAdjustmentRestriction

可调节的节流口RegulatedorVariableRestriction可调节流口Variableasindicatedbythediagonalarrow斜箭头表示可变54OneWayRestrictorValve

单向节流阀(Non-ReturnValvewithRestriction)-Unitallowingfreeflowinonedirectionbutrestrictedflowintheotherdirection

带节流的单向阀---允许沿一个方向的自由流动，反方向则受到节流。5556OneWayRestrictorValve单向节流阀ShuttleValve

梭阀TheInletportconnectedtothehigherpressureisautomaticallyconnectedtotheOutletportwhiletheotherInletportisclosed当某一进口压力高于另一进口时，自动连接该高压力进口到出口，同时关闭另一进口。Out出口In进口In进口5758123Shuttlevalve梭阀“3”to“2”or“1”to“2”DifferentialPressureSwitch

压差开关Switchactivateswhenpressuredifferencereachesspecifiedlevel当压力差到达指定值时，开关启动59Muffler

消声器Silencer-Reducesnoise消声器---降低噪音6061LH203消音器HydraulicTheory液压原理62RelationshipofF,P,A

F,P,A的关系F（力）=磅P（压强）=PSIA（面积）=平方英寸63Definitions

概念PRESSURE-

theamountofforceafluid(liquidorgas)exertsagainstaspecificarea.MeasuredinPSIorkPa.压强---单位面积上受到的流体（液体或者气体）的压力。单位是磅/平方英寸(PSI)或者千帕(KPa)。FORCE-isanactionthatiscreatedwhenapushorpullisinitiated.压力---当推或拉时产生的作用。FLOW-movementofafluid.FlowRateismeasuredinGPMorL/min.流动---液体的运动。流动速率的单位是加仑/分钟(GPM)或升/分钟(L/min)。64Force=