新概念第二册59-61

Lesson59Inorout?

进来还是出去？Doyouhaveanypets?Dotheyhaveanystrangehabits?astoryaboutadogwhohasrunawayFirstlistenandthenquestionthequestion.WhydidRexrunaway?Hegotannoyedbecausemyhusbandremovedthegateandruinedhisgame.★barkv.

狗叫狗在叫。Thedogisbarking.那只狗老是对我叫。Thatdogalwaysbarksatme.somebodyisbarking某人在咆哮Abarkingdogseldombites.(谚)善吠之犬不咬人★pressv.按,压①vt.&vi.按，挤，压Canyoupressthatbuttonformeplease?②vt.催促，敦促，竭力劝说

Idon’tliketobepressed.我不喜欢被人催促。我父母劝说我报名参加比赛。Myparentspressedmetoenterforthecompetition.

③vt.挤取，榨取（……的汁）如果你喜欢果汁，你可以榨点橙汁。Ifyoupreferjuice,youcanpresssomeoranges.pressuren.压,压力,电压,压迫,强制,紧迫

★pawn.脚爪

cat'spaw被利用的人我才不想被人利用。Idon'twanttobeacat'spaw.这只猫的爪子被烧伤了。Thecat’spawwasburnt.我的狗的爪子在流血。Mydog’spawisbleeding.★expertn.专家

experton/insth.在某一方面是专家

expertatdoingsth.他是数学专家。Heisanexpertinmaths.他是开锁专家Heisanexpertatopeningthedoor.1）他是个老练的司机。Heisanexpertin/atdrivingacar.=Heisexpertin/atdrivingacar.

2）Theyareallexpertsinthisfield.他们都是这个领域的行家。★latchn.门闩latch

n.门闩（庭院，花园中的门闩）bar

n.门闩（与latch不同）doornobn.门把手Youcan’twalkinbecausethedoorisonthelatch.★develop①v.（逐渐）显现出，产生，获得，养成她对游泳产生了兴趣。Shedevelopedaninterestinswimming.②vt.&vi.发展，扩展这个小村庄现在已经发展成为了一个镇。Thevillagehasdevelopedintoatownnow.你相信通过看电视能开发你的智力吗？DoyoubelievethatyoucandevelopyourmindthroughwatchingTV?很难在这个城市中扩展您的业务。It’shardtodevelopyourbusinessinthiscity.developingcountry发展中国家developedcountry发达国家V-ed强调已经，V-ing强调正在，有时态的区别boilingwater滚开水；

boiledwater开水developthefilm冲洗胶卷★habitn.习惯

habit

n.习惯(指个人习惯)

custom

n.风俗，习俗；customsn.海关；customern.顾客developagoodhabit

养成好习惯Heslippedintobadhabits.Hehasthehabitofstayinguplate.★removev.拆掉,取下

shesawhehadremovedhisglasses.removesth.from从……挪走有一会儿他的视线没有从她的面孔上移开。Foramomenthedidnotremovehiseyesfromherface.Heremovedthepicturefromthewall.被免职；撤去Hewasremovedfromthepost.Ourdog,Rex,usedtositoutsideourfrontgateanddark.frontgate前门thekeytothefrontdoor前门的钥匙would＝usedto过去常常usesth.todosth.用某物做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事beusedtodoingsh.习惯做某事beusedfor被当做makeuseof利用Everytimehewantedtocomeintothegardenhewouldbarkuntilsomeoneopenedthegate.everytime＝when每当，每次，无论何时（everytime在这里为连词引导一个时间状语从句，表示“每次”、“每当”，主句中的would表示过去的习惯性动作。用一般过去时的句子中它们经常连用）Everytimewemet,wewouldtalkforawhile.我们每次见面都要聊一会儿。Astheneighbourscomplainedofthenoise,plaimof…抱怨……sb.spendtime(in)doingsth./onsth.花费某段时间去做某事（人作主语）

Whydon’tyouspendmoretimeonMaths?Ispenttwoweeks(in)readingthisbook.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某事花了某人多少时间trainsb.todosth.训练某人做某事letsb.dosth.

让某人做某事letsb.in

让某人进来；letsb.out让某人出去letsb.down让某人失望presshispawonthelatch=pressthelatch

pressthebutton/pressthefigureonthebuttonRexsoonbecameanexpertatopeningthegate.becomeanexpertatdoingsth.成了……能手/专家/权威Johnisanexpertatdrivingacar.约翰是开车高手。anexpertat/in/onsth某方面的专家，能手Sheisanexpertinflowers.她是花卉方面的专家。Samisanexpertonthatproblem.萨姆是研究那个问题的权威。

However,whenIwasgoingoutshoppinglastweek,Inoticedhiminthegardennearthegate.goingoutshopping加了out强调外出

Hestressedthatpeopleshouldnothesitatetocontactthepoliceifthey'venoticedanystrangersrecently.他强调人们最近如果注意到任何陌生人，要马上与警方联系。noticeableadj.显而易见的，显著的；值得注意的Thistimehewasbarkingsothatsomeonewouldlethimout!Sincethen,hehasdevelopedanotherbadhabit.sothat引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”Thehabitof有...习惯develop/makeahabitof/todo

Assoonasheopensthegatefromtheoutside,hecomesintothegardenandwaitsuntilthegateshuts.assoonas

一…就…Wechosethehouseforourhomeassoonaswesawit.我们一看见这所房子，就把它选作我们的家了。HardlywhenIgotreadytocontinuethetopicItalkedwithmyfriend,thetelephonerang!就在我正准备接着那个话题继续和朋友聊天的时候，电话铃响了！Thenhesitsandbarksuntilsomeoneletshimout.Afterthisheimmediatelyletshimselfinandbeginsbarkingagain.Notuntilwepointedouttheirfaulttothemdidtheyrealizeit.直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。Wedonotunderstandpeaceuntilfacedwithconflict.我们不理解和平，直到面临冲突。YesterdaymyhusbandremovedthegateandRexgotsoannoyedwehavenotseenhimsince.so…that…如此…以至于，结果状语从句，可以省略一个词，so或that都可以sothat以便于……，为了（目的状语从句）Thistimehewasbarkingsothatsomeonewouldlethimout!since(在句尾)=sincethen:从那时起到现在为止

Keystructuresandusage表示目的的几种方式：to,inorderto,soasto,sothat,inorderthat→Myhusbandspentweekstraininghimtopresshispawonthelatch

tolethimselfin.→Thistimehewasbarkingsothatsomeonewouldlethimout.→Westartoutearlyinordertoavoidtraffic.→Imovedtothefrontofthebussoastogetagoodviewofthecountryside.→HelefttheletteronthetableinorderthatImightseeit.在bring,buy,need,take,use,want等动词后常用“宾语+to”而不用”宾语+inorderto/soasto”:a.Iwantsomethingtodrink.（不能说:Iwantsomethinginordertodrink.)b.Bringmeachairtositon.Sothat

“以便，使能够”，与inorderthat同义，后接从句，引导一个表示目的的状语从句。Speakclearlysothat（inorderthat)

everybodycanunderstandyou.请说清楚一点，这样每个人都可以听懂你的话。Weleftearlysothat(inorderthat)wecouldcatchthefirsttrain.sothat也可以引导表示结果的状语从句，主句和从句是原因与结果的关系，做“因此”讲。Itwastoocold,

sothatwecouldn’twork.天气太冷了，因此我们无法工作。inorderto（inordernotto）和soasto(inordernotto)

后接动词原形，用作目的状语，inorderto，todo可置于句首，而soasto则不行。sothat与so...that的区别sothat可以引导目的的状语从句(有情态动词)或结果状语从句（没有情态动词）（从句子的意思上或根据主句和从句的逻辑关系上去判断）；so...that引导结果状语从句，作“如此...

以致...”讲，常用在“so+形容词/副词+thatclause”结构中.

Lesson58

Thefuture卜算未来Thefuture占卜未来

futurefairbookfairVanityFairFortune-tellercrystalrelationCrystalballFirstlistenandthenanswerthequestion.DoeswhatMadamBellinskysaidcometrue?futuren.未来，前途1）n.未来，将来，前途Thefutureisalwaysunknowntous.未来对我们都是不可知的Whatwillbethefutureofourplanet?我们星球的未来是什么样子的？provideforthefuture

为将来做准备ayoungmanwithafuture

有前途的年轻人infuture

今后，以后inthefuture

在未来，在将来2）adj.未来的，将来的one’sfuturehusband

未来的丈夫afuturegeneration

后代的人们fairn.集市1）n.博览会，商展，展览会abookfair书展aninternationaltradefair国际商展2）集市（类似中国的庙会）=bazzartemplefair庙会adayafterthefair(口语)过迟，太晚3）adj.公平的，公正的（反义词unfair）Sheisfairwithherstudents.她对学生们一视同仁。afairprice公正的价格4)adj.（头发）金发的，皮肤白皙的（反义词dark）ablond白肤金发碧眼的人afaircomplexion白皙的肤色Scandinavianpeopleareoftenfair.北欧人多是白肤金发。fortune-tellern.算命人fortune1)n.运气，命运bygoodfortune

幸好bybadfortune

不幸Don’tleavethattofortune!那件事不要光靠运气Fortune命运女神haveFortuneonone’sside福星高照seekone’sfortune

找出路，碰运气2）财产，财富comeintoafortune

得到财产makeafortune

发财Thatcarmustcostafortune.

那辆车一定花了大笔钱。fortune-teller(常指女性的)占卜者fortunateadj.幸运的Iamfortunatetohavegoodhealth.我有幸有副好身板。Itwasfortunatethatthepassingshipsavedhim.幸运的是过往的船只救了他。crystal

n.水晶(1)n.水晶asclearascrystal

极为清晰明白anecklaceofcrystals=crystalnecklace水晶项链(2)adj.水晶般的；水晶（制）的；第十五的acrystalstream

水晶般清澈的小溪crystalgazing水晶球占卜术crystalwedding晶婚（结婚15周年）relationn.亲属1）关系，关联therelationbetweencrimeandpoverty犯罪和贫穷的关系breakoffrelationswithsb.

与……绝交createarelationwith

与……建立关系furtherrelationswith/promoterelationswith促进与……的关系normalizetherelationswith使关系正常化strengthentherelationswith加强与……的关系2）亲戚，亲属（=relative）；血缘关系Heisanearrelationofmine.他是我的近亲。Heisadistantrelationofmine.他是我的远亲。relationship关系，联系，人际关系Thereisarelationshipbetweenthemoonandtides.月亮和海水的涨退有关系。Shehasaverygoodrelationshipwithherstudents.她和学生们的关系很好。impatientlyadv.不耐烦地patient1)adj.有耐心的，能忍受的；（反义词：impatient）Youshouldbemorepatientwithothers.你应该对他人多些耐心。Hewaspatientofhardships.他能承受苦难。beimpatientwithsb.对人不耐烦beimpatientofsth.

对某事不耐烦2）n.病人Thehospitalhasalotofpatients.这家医院有很多病人。patientlyadv.有耐心地，能忍受地反义词：impatientlyAtavillagefair,Idecidedtovisitafortune-tellercalled

MadamBellinsky.

atavillagefair（名词修饰名词）/atafairinthevillage乡村集市（名词修饰名词）给某人算命：totellsb.’sfortunescalledMadamBellinsky过去分词作定语callsb.+名字TheycallmeHenry.callsb.(up)

给……打电话Iwentintohertentandshetoldmetositdown.AfterIhadgivenhersomemoney,shelookedintoacrystalballandsaid:'Arelationofyoursiscomingtoseeyou.givehersomemoney=givesomemoneytoherlookinto(1)注视……的内部lookintoaroom往房间里窥视(2)调查，检查=surveyThecommitteeislookingintothecauseoftheaccident.委员会正在调查这次事故的起因。lookonto（房屋等）面向、濒临lookin1)向内探视lookinacupboard

看一看碗柜里面2）顺路访问I’lllookinonyoutomorrow.我明天将去拜访你。arelationofyours=oneofyourrelations双重所有格iscoming用进行时表达将来时的含义。可用于这种用法的动词有：go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start…Shewillbearrivingthiseveningandintendstostayforafewdays.willbearriving进行时表将来时含义intendtodo打算做……（现在时表示将来）Howdoyouintendtocarryoutthisstrategy?你打算如何将这一观念付诸实践呢？Themomentyouleavethistent,youwillgetabigsurprise.themoment(conj.连词)一……就……相当于assoonas时态要求“主将从现”getasurprise=getashock

=getafright

大吃一惊toone’ssurprise

令某人大吃一惊地toone’sjoy

令某人高兴地toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的Awomanyouknowwellwillrushtowardsyou.Shewillspeaktoyouandthenshewillleadyouawayfromthisplace.Thatisall.speak

1)v.说，讲，谈话speakout

大声说话speakthetruth讲实话=tellthetruthspeaktosb.对……说speakforoneself自我辩护speakillofsb.

说人坏话speakwellofsb.

说人好话2）v.发表演讲Theprimeministerspokeontheinternationalsituation.

首相就国际形势发表了演讲。Whowillspeakattheopening?谁将致开幕词？3）（事物）显示，表示（事实，感情等）Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行动胜于语言Hereyesspoke.她的眼睛表达了她的心意。Theportraitspeaks.这幅肖像栩栩如生。AssoonasIwentoutside,IforgotallaboutMadamBellinskybecausemywifehurriedtowardsme.forgetallabout

忘得一干二净forgetit算了hurrytowardssb.匆匆向……赶去Don’thurry.别急。Withthis,thewomanhurriedaway/off.说完这，那个妇人匆匆离去。Hehurriedhome.他匆忙赶回家wehurriedtoshool.我们匆匆赶到学校inahurry(n.)匆匆忙忙地forget+n.I’veforgottenhistelephonenumber.forgetdoing忘记做过某事I’llneverforgetseeingthemusicalinNY.我永远不会忘记在纽约看的音乐剧。forgettodo忘记要做某事Don’tforgettocallme.

别忘了给我打电话。forgetthatIwasforgettingthatyoudon’tlikecarrots.我忘记你不喜欢胡萝卜了。'Wherehaveyoubeenhiding?'sheaskedimpatiently.'Yoursisterwillbehere

inlessthananhourandwemustbeatthestationtomeether.Wearelatealready.'mustbe表示用现在时态指将来的状况，这句话也可变成：Wemustgotothestationtomeether.mustdo

sth.

对将来或是对现在进行的推测

mustbedoing

sth.只是对现在的推测

Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.他现在正在做作业。

musthavedone:

过去情况的推测Hemusthavedonehishomework,forheisplayingoutside.for引导的是原因状语从句tomeether为表示目的的不定式。（cf．第59课语法）Asshewalkedaway,Ifollowedheroutofthefair.awayadv.向一边walkaway

走开hurryaway

匆匆离开lookaway

四处张望takeaway

拿走moveaway

离开goaway

走开followsboutof跟着……走出……o跟着……进入……【KeyStructure】将来时1）begoingto+动词原形Iamgoingtotravelbyair.Annisill.Iamgoingtovisither.2)will+动词原形Youwillenjoyyourselfifyoutravelbysea.3)be+v.ing表示为将来安排好的活动和事件。Heisarrivingtomorrow.4)beabouttodosth.

即将发生的行为，动作。Hewasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.5)planto/intendto可换用，但前者常用于进行时；而intend只用于简单时态。Doyoustillintendtogo?

你还打算走吗？Wewereplanningtogolastyearbutwehadn’tenoughmoney.我们去年打算走的，但却没有足够的钱。6)beduetodosth.

早已安排好的事，即“定于”Thetrainisduetoarriveat6:00o’clock.火车定于6点钟到达。在真实条件句的if从句中和时间连接词引导的从句中，只能用一般现在时的形式来表达一般将来时的意思，时态要求为“主将从现”，时间连接词为until,assoonas,after,before,when,as,themoment,theinstant,theminute...Ifitrainstomorrowweshallstayathome.如果明天还下雨，我们就呆家里。Themomenthearrives,Ishallletyouknow.他一来我就会告诉你的。Ishallwaithereuntilhecomes.我会等他回来的。Assoonastherainstops,weshallgoout.雨一停我们就出去。Youmustfinishyourdinnerbeforeyouleavethetable.你离开餐桌前必须先把饭吃完。We’llgointothelivingroomafterwefinishdinner.我们吃完饭就去客厅。I’llgivehimthemessagewhenhereturns.当他回来时我会给他的。

Lesson59

TroublewiththeHubble哈勃望远镜的困境

Whatisthis?universeArewealoneintheuniverse?

intheuniverse=inspaceTheHubbletelescopeWhatcanweseeinspace?WhereistheHubble?Itisabovetheearth’s___________.atmosphereGuess:Howmuchdoesitcost?Itcostsoverabilliondollars.over=morethanWholaunchedtheHubbletelescopeintospace?ItwaslaunchedintospacebyNASA．

Ｗｈｏｉｓｈｅ？Heisthedirector(局长)ofNASA.WhatwillwedoiftheHubbletelescopeisbroken?Whocanrepairit?astronautHowcantheastronautsgettotheHubble?Theshuttle

EndeavourwilltaketheastronautstotheHubble.Whatisthis?galaxyThegalaxyisvery_________fromus.distant★telescopen.（单筒）望远镜双筒望远镜：binoculars[bi'nɔkjuləs]microscope显微镜tele远距离的；远的；电视的telephone/telegram电报/television★launch

[lɔ:ntʃ,lɑ:ntʃ]v.①发射launchasatellite发射卫星

②开办，创办launchanewenterprise创办一个新企业launchon开始；着手launchinto/out开始从事；投身于Myparentslaunchedmeintobusiness.★space

n.①太空

spaceman，spaceship②空地，空处Isthereaspaceforthecar？这儿有空位停车吗？roomn.空间（不可数）；房间（可数）

Couldyoumakeroomforme?你能为我腾一点空间吗?③时间，一段时间foraspace暂时，短时间inspace

片刻，一会儿billionn.10亿severalbillion

几十亿couple/dozen

一打/score20个/hundred/thousand/million/billion/trillionhundredsof

成百上千thousandsof

成千上万★faulty有错误的faultn.Ilikehimdespitehisfaults.虽然他有种种缺点,但我仍然喜欢他.It'spartlyyourfault.一方面也是由于你的过错。bymistake错误地Ipickedupyourbagbymistake.我错拿了你的手提包。★astronaut

['æstrənɔ:t]

宇航员astro前缀

宇宙的；太空的astrology

占星术astronomy[ə'strɔnəmi]天文学★shuttle

n.航天飞机；梭子；短程穿梭运行的车辆

(或火车、飞机等)v.短程穿梭般运送Weshuttledthepassengerstothecitycenterbyhelicopter.我们使用直升飞机往返不停地将旅客运送到市中心。shuttlebus往返的公交汽车

spaceshuttleEndeavor

n.“奋进”号endeavor

n.努力（attempt，effort,try）Please

makeeveryendeavortoarriveintime.请尽量准时到达。v.努力（比try更正式）endeavortodosthTheyendeavoredtomakeherhappybutinvain.★robot-armn.机器手robotn.机器人,遥控设备,自动机械,机械般工作的人arm

n.臂;v.装备配备bearmedwith=beequippedwithJusticehaslongarms.

天网恢恢，疏而不漏。anarmandaleg（n.）非常昂贵arminarm

臂挽臂（handinhand/shoulderbyshoulder）★grabv.抓Thethiefgrabbedthepurseandranawaywithit.这贼猛地一把抓住钱包逃跑了。Dadgrabbedsomebreakfastandwentofftowork.爸爸匆匆吃了点早饭就去上班了。Grabaseatandmakeyourselfathome.随便找个地方坐，别客气。★atmosphere

n.大气层

①大气

atmospherepressure大气压力②气氛，氛围workingatmosphere

工作环境Themeetingisgoneon

inveryfriendly

atmosphere.会议在非常友好的气氛中进行。③空气Theatmosphereisverystuffyinherecanweopenawindow?这的空气很闷，咱们能把窗户打开吗?★distant

adj.①遥远的[(+from)]Thesunisdistantfromtheearth.太阳距地球很遥远。②非近亲的,远亲的Heismydistantrelative.他是我的远房亲戚。③冷淡的，不亲近的bedistanttowardstosb.对某人冷淡distantcalls

长途电话distantrelationship

异地恋★galaxy

n.①Thegalaxy=theMilkyWay银河②一群(尤指出色的人或灿烂的事物）agalaxyofbeauties一群美女agalaxyofnewcars一批新车★universe

n宇宙MissUniverse环球小姐;宇宙小姐;世界小姐university（综合）大学OxfordUniversity牛津大学★eagleeye

鹰眼eagle

老鹰eye

(n.)眼睛；眼光;眼神

withsleepyeyes用昏昏欲睡的眼神keepaneyeon….照看;注意makeeyesatsb向某人暗送秋波

TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.belaunchedinto被发射升空atacostof…造价为……，耗资，以……的价格/费用

Hesavedhisdaughterfromthefirebutatthecostofhisownlife.他牺牲了生命，把女儿从大火中救出来。NASA=NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局（单词縮写一般都是组织或者机构）cost价格，成本Thecostoflivingcontinuestorise.生活费用继续上涨。Heisdeterminedtostayabroadatallcost.他打定主意要不惜一切代价呆在国外。RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.◆rightfromthestart

从最开始（right起强调作用）Hedidn’twanttoworkatthefirm(right)fromthestart.他从最开始就不想在这家公司上班。◆troublewith…关于……有麻烦What'sthetroublewithyou?你有什么麻烦?(医生常这样问)Thereis(engine)troublewithmycar.我的汽车（发动机）有问题。MrJoneshasalonghistoryofhearttrouble.琼斯先生有长期的心脏病史getintotrouble.陷入麻烦Youarejustinvitingtroubleifyoudothat.你那么做就是在自找麻烦。Hisfathertoldhimtostayoutoftrouble.他父亲叫他避开是非之地。Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!faultn.错误；faultyadj.有错误的ThenewTVisfaultyindesign.新电视在设计上是有缺点的。Sorry,it'smyfault.

◆Thespeechwasmostdisappointing.这篇演讲非常令人失望Herexamresultsweredisappointing.她的考试成绩令人失望NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.putsth.right修好（故障等），校正，纠正Remembertoputthelightsrighttomorrow.明天记得把灯修好Minormistakesmustbequicklyputright.小错误必须很快纠正。sendup往上送，使（价格等）上升，提高Spacerocketsarebeingsentupallthetime.现在随时都有火箭发射sendaway赶走，解雇，派HesenthisdaughterawaytoschoolinEngland.TheshuttleEndeavourwillbetakingtheastronautstotheHubble.take...to...get...to...bring...to...Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.endeavourtodosth致力于做…事Wealwaysendeavourtogiveourcustomersexcellentservice.◆grabv.抓Let'sgrabasandwichandgotoseethefilm.让我们赶快吃个三明治就去看电影吧。holdit抓住它makerepairs

进行修理maketrouble

惹麻烦makemoney

赚钱（makeaprofit,makefortune）makeanexperiment

做实验makeaface

做鬼脸makeprogress

取得进步makeahit

很成功makea