沉默教学法SILENT-WAY教学文案

上海外国语大学英语(yīnɡyǔ)学院TheSilentWay第一页，共24页。CONTENTS123BackgroundApproachDesign4Procedure第二页，共24页。TheSilentWayisamethodoflanguageteachingdevisedbyCalebGattegno.1BackgroundThepremiseoftheSilentWay:Theteachershouldbesilentasmuchaspossibleintheclassroombutthelearnershouldbeencouragedtoproduceasmuchlanguageaspossible.第三页，共24页。1BackgroundElementsoftheSilentWay:theuseofcolorchartsandthecoloredCuisenairerods（古氏积木(jīmù)）.第四页，共24页。1Background

Fidelcharts第五页，共24页。1BackgroundWordcharts第六页，共24页。1BackgroundThelearninghypotheses:Learningisfacilitatedifthelearnerdiscoversorcreatesratherthanremembersandrepeatswhatistobelearned.Learningisfacilitatedbyaccompanyingphysicalobjects.Learningisfacilitatedbyproblemsolvinginvolvingthematerialtobelearned.第七页，共24页。1BackgroundJeromeBruner,theeducationalpsychologistandphilosopher,distinguishestwotraditions:theexpositorymodeandthehypotheticalmode.Thesilentwaybelongstothehypotheticalmode,viewinglearningasaproblem-solving,creative,discoveringactivity,inwhichthelearnerisaprincipalactor,notabench-boundlistener.Discoveringandcreativelearning第八页，共24页。1BackgroundDiscoveringandcreativelearningThebenefitsderivedfrom"discoverylearning":Theincreaseinintellectualpotency.Theshiftfromextrinsictointrinsicrewards.Thelearningofheuristicsbydiscovering.Theaidtoconservingmemory.第九页，共24页。1BackgroundAccompanyingphysicalobjectsTheCuisenairerodsandthecolor-codedpronunciationcharts(calledFidelcharts),providephysicalfociforlearningandcreatememorableimagestofacilitatestudentrecall.第十页，共24页。1Backgroundproblem-solvingBenjaminFranklinrepresented"problem-solvingapproachestolearning"inthewords:

TellmeandIforget,teachmeandIremember,involvemeandIlearn.第十一页，共24页。2Approach:TheoryofLanguageandLearningTheoryoflanguageLearningalanguageistograspits"spirit"—thewayeachlanguageiscomposedofphonologicalandsuprasegmentalelementsthatcombinetogivethelanguageitsuniquesoundsystemandmelody.TheSilentWaytakesastructuralapproachtotheorganizationoflanguagetobetaught.Gattegnoseesvocabularyasacentraldimensionoflanguagelearningandchoiceofvocabularyascrucial.第十二页，共24页。2Approach:TheoryofLanguageandLearningTheoryoflearning(1)Basedontheprocessoflearningafirstlanguage,Gattegnorecommendsthatlearnerneedsto“returntothestateofmindthatcharacterizesababy'slearning–surrender”.(2)Theprocessesoflearningasecondlanguageare“radicallydifferent”fromthoseinvolvedinlearningafirstlanguage.AsuccessfulL2approachmustbe“artificialandstrictlycontrolled”.(3)The“artificialapproach”isbasedontheprinciplethatsuccessfullearninginvolvescommitmentoftheselftolanguageacquisitionthroughtheuseofsilentawarenessandthenactivetrial.第十三页，共24页。2Approach:TheoryofLanguageandLearningTheoryoflearningTheselfconsistsoftwosystems—alearningsystemandaretainingsystem.Silenceisconsideredthebestvehicleforlearning,becauseinsilencestudentsconcentrateonthetasktobeaccomplishedandthepotentialmeanstoitsaccomplishment.Repetition(asopppsedtosilence)“consumestimeandencourgesthescatteredmindtoremainscattered".Awarenessiseducable.Asonelearns"inawareness,"one'spowersofawarenessandone'scapacitytolearnbecomegreater.("learningtolearn")第十四页，共24页。3DesignObjectivesThegeneralobjective—togivebeginninglevelstudentsoralandauralfacilityinbasicelementsofthetargetlanguage.Theimmediateobjective—toprovidethelearnerwithabasicpracticalknowledgeofthegrammar.第十五页，共24页。3DesignSyllabusTheSilentWayadoptsabasicallystructuralsyllabus,withlessonsplannedaroundgrammaticalitemsandrelatedvocabulary.第十六页，共24页。3DesignlearningactivitiesLearningtasksandactivitiesintheSilentWayhavethefunctionofencouragingandshapingstudentoralresponsewithoutdirectoralinstructionfromorunnecesssarymodelingbytheteacher.第十七页，共24页。3DesignroleoflearnersLearnersintheSilentWayareexpectedtodevelopindependence,autonomyandresponsibility.第十八页，共24页。3DesignrolesofteachersTeachersilenceistheuniquedemandoftheSilentWay.StevickdefinestheSilentWayteacher'stasksastoteach,totestandtogetoutoftheway.Theteacherusesgestures,charts,andmanipulativesinordertoelicitandshapestudentresponsesandsomustbebothfacileandcreativeasapantomimistandpuppeteer.第十九页，共24页。3Designmaterialscoloredrods,color-codedpronunciationandvocabularywallcharts,apointer,andreading/writingexercises.AllSilentWaymaterialsareusedtoillustratetherelationshipsbetweensoundandmeaninginthetargetlanguage.第二十页，共24页。3Design

FidelchartsWordcharts第二十一页，共24页。3DesignColoredrodstherodsmaybeusedfornamingcolors,forsizecomparisons,andsoon.thepointerisusedtoindicatestress,phrasingandintonation.Apointer第二十二页，共24页。3ProcedureASilentWaylesso