初二上册知识点讲义

Unit4Howdoyougettoschool?gettoschool=arriveat/reachschool到校2.abusstop公共汽车站,atrain/subwaystation火车(地铁站)站,abusstation客运站,aTVstation电视台3.takethesubway乘地铁4.rideabike骑自行车5.takethe/abus乘公共汽车6.wanttodosth.想做某事7.takeataxi乘坐出租车8.walktoschool步行上学9.goinone’scar坐(某人的)车10.inNorthAmerica在北美11.bybike/bus/subway/car/train乘坐……车12.inotherpartsoftheworld在世界的其他地区13.haveaquickbreakfast迅速吃早饭14.dependon=dependupon依靠,靠……决定15.theearlybus早班车16.leavefor起程（动身）前往……17.takesb.tosp.带某人到某处18.anumberof=many许多19.thenumberof….的数量20.Doingsth.takessb.sometime/money.=Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth..=sb.spendssometime/money(onsth.).=sb.spendssometime/money(in)doingsth...=sth.costssb.sometime/money.=sb.paysomemoneyforsth..某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事21.worryabout(sb./sth.)=beworriedabout(sb/sth.)为某人(事)着急/担心22.aroundtheworld=allovertheworld世界各地,全世界23.bedifferentfrom与……不同24.howfar多远Sentences:Howlong/far引导的特殊疑问句：Howdoyougettoschool?---Well,IusuallywalkbutsometimesItakethebus.Howlongdoesittake?----Ittakesabout25minutestowalkand10minutesbybus.Howfarisitfromhishometoschool?----About10kilometers.回答所用交通方式的时候可以这样回答：Iridemybike.Hewalkstoschool.Itakethebus.Shetakesthesubway.Unit5Canyoucometomyparty?情态动词can的用法（必背）：Canyoucometomyparty?---sure,I’dloveto.canshegotothemovies?---No,shecan’t.she’splayingsoccer.交际用语（必背）：--如何向他人提出邀请：Canyoucometo…?你能来参加……吗？Willyoucometo…?你回来……吗？Wouldyouliketo…?你愿意……吗？Ihopeyoucan…我希望你能……How/whataboutcomingto…?来……怎么样？--表示接受别人的邀请：Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.是的，你真是太好了。Yes,I’dloveto.是的，我愿意去。Sure.Whattime?当然。什么时间？Thatsoundsgreat!那听起来棒极了！--表拒绝别人的邀请：I’msorry,Ican’t.Ihaveto…I’msorry,Ican’t.I’mdoing…Maybeanothertime.Thanksforasking.对不起，我不能。我要……那改天吧。谢谢邀请。I’dloveto,but…我想去，但是……（后接拒绝原因）IwishIcouldcome,but…我希望我能来，但是……（后接拒绝原因）中考知识点连接：canyou…?句型的用法：another的用法及another,theother,others的区别：havefun的用法：名词所有格的用法：whynot句型的用法：What’stoday?的用法及扩展：invite的常见短语：busy的用法：join，attend，takepartin,joinin的区别：10.whole和all的用法区别：UNIT6I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.SentencesinCommunication:询问“谁比谁更……吗？一般用比较级的结构。即：“IsA+形容词比较级+than+B”IsTomsmarterthanSam?2．询问“你们看起来一样/不同吗？”Doyoulookthesame?Doyoulookthedifferent?3、询问“你认为……吗？”用句型“Doyouthink…”DoyouthinkIshouldgo?Doyouthinkheisagoodteacher?询问“你喜欢他/她哪儿”或“你为什么喜欢他/她？”Whatdoyoulikeabouther?Whatelsedoyoulikeabouther?Whydoyoulikehim?Grammar:形容词比较级PedroisfunnierthanPaul.TinaistallerthanTara.TomismoreathleticthanSam.结构：用法：变化规则：例句：直击中考考点：than的用法：both的用法：（1）代词：（2）形容词：拓展：as…as结构的用法：LiuYingisnotasgoodatsportsashersister.make做使役动词的用法（makesbdosth）注意：中考链接：Tomoftenmakeshisbrother_______butyesterdayhewasmade________byhisbrother.popular的用法：adj.流行的；受欢迎的比较级：最高级：拓展：stop的用法：care：8.begoodwithsbbegoodwith+工具Begoodforbegoodatbegoodto9.necessary:adj.必要的；必须的；必需的It’snecessary(forsb)todosthUnit7Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?keyphrases:turnon打开pour…into…把……倒入……mixup混合在一起asliceof一片twoteaspoonsof两茶匙cutup切碎put…into…把……放入add…to…把…加到……上howmany/howmuch多少onthetop在上面，最上面sentencesincommunication:1.询问他人做某事的方式、方法或过程时应该说：Howdoyou/doeshe…?回答时用：first,next,then,finally等副词来说明步骤。例子：howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?-----First,peelthreebananas.Next…当建议他人和你一起做某事时，应说：Let’sdosth.Whatabout/howaboutdoingsth?例子：Let’smakefruitsalad!---Goodidea.当不确定如何回答别人的问话时，常需要一些话过渡。Letmethinkisover.Givemeoneminute/second.例子：Howmanyhoursdoyouworkeveryday?------Letmethink.Oh,abouttenhours.Iamverytired.同别人交谈时，询问对方喜欢什么可以说：Doyoulike…？例子：Doyouliketheweatherhere?-------No,it’stoodry.三．Grammar:1.可数名词和不可数名词：课文原句：Howmanybananasdoweneed?-----Three.Howmuchyogurtdoweneed?用法：变化：可数名词的规则变化可数名词的不规则变化：例子：祈使句：Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?------peelthebananas…用法：结构：例句：中考考点：turnon的用法：拓展：与put有关的短语:Some和any的用法（复习）：Walt,wehavefewvegetablesfordinner.----CouldIgoandbuy_________?----Yes,sure.ButIdon’thave_________money.UNIT8HOWWASYOURSCHOOLTRIP?IMPORTANTPHRASES:GotothezooontheschooltriptakephotosOutdoorpoolhungoutafterlunchBuysbsthattheendofwinfirstprizeOnmynextdayoffhaveagreattimeplaycomputergamessentencesincommunication:询问某人去哪了用”wheredidsbgo…?”句型：“在过去某个时间有没有做什么”用”Didsbdo…”表“某地有某物“用therebe句型：肯定句用therebe…否定句用therebenot…疑问句用Bethere…?答语：Yes,therebe.No,therebenot.询问“你还做其他什么事了吗?”用”whatelsedidyou…”Whatelsedidyoueat？Whatelsedidyousee?GRAMMAR:一般过去式※课文原句：Didyougothezoo?____No,Ididn’t.Iwenttotheaquarium.Didyouseeanyseals?----yes,Isawsomeseals.Werethereanysharks?----No,thereweren’tanysharks.※用法：※结构：肯定句：否定句：一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：动词过去式的构成：不规则变化：例句：直击中考考点：⑴hang的用法：Hangv.逗留，徘徊单数第三人称hangs过去式：hanged/hung过去分词：hanged/hung现在分词：hanging逗留；徘徊常与out联用构成hangout短语悬挂（过去式为hung）绞死；吊死（过去式为hanged）注意：Whathappenedtothethieflater?Thekinghadhim___thenextday.A.hungB.hangC.hangD.hanging(2)competition的用法Mariawonfirstprizeinyesterday’ssingingcompetition.短语归纳：（3）futuren.将来，未来短语：20XX年考题：（4）umbrellan.雨伞，伞复数：umbrellas短语：考题：Unit9Whenwasheborn?Ⅰ.GRAMMAR:一般过去时的特殊疑问句（1）课文原句：whenwasheborn?----hewasbornin1895.Howlongdidhehiccup?----hehiccuppedfor69years.Whendidhehiccupping?----hestartedhiccuppingin1622.(2)when做疑问副词“什么时候”引导特殊疑问句用于对某人的出生日期及时间提问，特殊疑问句的结构为：（3）howlong引导特殊疑问句，对表一段时间的状语进行提问，其句型为：Ⅱ.交际用语（Expressionsincommunication）：1.询问某人的出生年月及地点用：when/wherewas/weresbborn?2.询问某人何时开始做某事用：whendidsbbegin/starttodo/doingsth?Ⅲ.直击中考考点：1、beborn的用法bebornin…Bebornof…考题连接：Iwasborn___themorning_____February25th,1997.A.in;ofB.on;inC.in;inD.on;ofIwasborn_____October1st,1998_____suZhou.A.on;onB.in;inC.on;inD.in;on2、too…to…的用法考题连接：Thebagofriceis_______heavyforTomtocarry.Let’sgoandhelphim.Youare_______youngtounderstandit.3.70-year复合形容词考题连接：---UPtonowtheChineseCommunistPartyhasnearly____history.------yes,itwasfounded_________July23rd,1921.A．90years;atB.90-year;inC.90-years;ofD.90-year;onHowamazingthenoodleis!----Yes,itis________,andbreakstheGuinnessWorldRecordasthelongesthandmadenoodle.A.1,704meter-longB.1,704-meters-longC.1,704meterlongD.1,704meterslong4.seesbdosthseesbdoingsth用法区别知识归纳：和see用法类似的词有：5.attheageof+基数词“在……多少岁时”goldenagemiddleageunderage6.becauseof+名词/名词短语Ⅳ.生词词组：1、recordn.记录；最高纪录；唱片v.记录；录制；录音；录像Breakarecordkeeparecordsetanewrecord2.nationaladj.国家的；全国的；民族的n.国家，民族Nationalflagnationalstylenationaluniversitynationalrailroad3.goldn.金子；黄金adj.金的goldfish/ring/medalAllthatglittersisnotgold.majorv.主修；钻研majorin“主修……学科”adj.”主要的；重大的”majorreasonUnit10I’mgoingtobeabasketballplayer?一、Grammar：begoingto的用法课文原句：whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?--------------Iamgoingtobeanactor.Howareyougoingtodothat?-------Iamgoingtotakeactinglessons.结构：肯定句：否定句：一般疑问句：概念及用法：“begoingto+v”是表达将来时的一种形式，表示将要发生的动作或情况，be随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。二、交际用语（communicationphrases）询问某人将来想从事何种职业，用句型：同义句：询问某人为了实现目标将要采取的措施：询问某人将要进行的活动，用句型：三、直击中考考点：1.Practice的用法:拓展：知识归纳:后接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：完成、实践、值得、忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)继续、习惯、别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)考虑、建议、不禁、想(consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike)喜欢、思念、要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)Whynot______anEnglishclubtopractice_____English?join;speakingB.tojoin;speakingC.join;tospeakD.tojoin;tospeakSavev.储蓄；存储savemoney拓展：save作动词还有“节省；挽救”的意思。（2011遵义中考）itwill_____muchtimeifwedriveinsteadofwalking.takeB.SpendC.save3.findv.找到，发现侧重找的结果；其后可直接跟宾语也可跟that从句辨析：词组含义及用法例句findlookforfindout2011江苏淮安中考：MrsGreenis____herpurse,butshecan’t____it.lookingfor;findB.Lookingat;findC.seeing;lookingforD.finding;lookforbegoingto和will的区别：（1）begoingto表根据计划、要求或近期、眼下将要发生的事情；will表将来时间则较远一些。begoingto多用于主观判断将要发生的事；will则强调根据客观情况。begoingto含有“有计划、打算、准备做某事”之意；will没有这个意思。在条件状语从句中，主句多用will引导而不用begoingto。生词词组：leaveone’sjobGetletter“收到信”表“getaletterfromsb”相当于:hearfromsb/receivealetterfromsb湖北黄石中考：Iwrote____mybrotherlastSunday,butihaven’theard_____himuptonow.A.from;toB.to;ofC.to;toD.to;fromBuildv.建造，建筑buildingbuilderrebuildbuildanestbuildabridgeFitadj.强健的；健康的强健的；健康的相当于healthykeepfitfeelfit合适的，适宜的；恰当的，正当的拓展：fit还可作动词，意为“使适合”Doesthecoatfityou?区分：Hewasn’tfit.Hedidn’tfit.Unit11couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Ⅰ.sentencesincommunication:(1)当你请求别人做某事时要说：couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash/cleantheroom/sweepthefloor?当你乐意为某人效劳时你会说：sure/certainly/ofcourse/ok/Noproblem/withpleasure.当你对别人的请求心有余而力不足时你会说：sorry,ican’t.But....当你礼貌的请求别人允许你做某事时可用：couldIpleasedo....?当别人同意你的意见时可说; Yes,youcan./sure.当你感谢某认为你做了某事时说：Thanksfor/Thankyoufordoingsth.Ⅱ. Grammar:Could的用法：（1）（2）（3)Ⅲ.Newwordsandphrases:choren.杂事，杂务，日常的普遍工作dishn.盘，碟;菜肴，一道菜sweepv.扫除，清扫，清除短语：sweepasidesweepawaysweepoffsweepoutsweepupdo与make的区别：词条含义及用法例句domakeI’mgoingtoworkonitnow.Workon“从事，忙于”2011邵阳中考----Couldiborrowyourcomputer,Bob?----sorry,iam__________it.takingoutB.TurningonC.WorkingonhateVt.憎恨，憎恶短语用法例句HatetodoHatedoing辨析：Hatetodo和hatedoingsthagree的用法相关