2014年职称英语等级考试真题

2014年英语考试及答案（卫生类B级1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-A. B. C. D.ThecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingA. B. C. D.ThecurriculumwastoonarrowandtooA. B. C. D.HeledaverymoralA. B. C. D.ThemajorityofpeoplearoundhereareA. B. C. D.HisknowledgeofFrenchisA.very B.very C.quite D.ratherThegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseA. B. C. D.TheworstagoniesofthewarwerenowA. B. C. D.ItwasamagicnightuntilthespellwasA. B. C. D.TheyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentA. B. C. D.SeveralwindowshadbeenA. B. C. D.ShefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheA.B. C. D.LondonquicklybecameaflourishingA. B. C. D.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16A. B. C. D.HisstomachfelthollowwithA. B. C. D.2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。SomeSchoolingonAccordingtotheU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission.5.900kidsweretreatedathospitalemergencyrooms,clinics,anddoctors’officeslastyearforsprainsandstrainscausedbybackpacks.Suchinjuriesaresowidespreadthatmorethan70OrthopedicSurgeonslistedbackpacksasapotentialclinicalproblemforchildren.

整形外科的Howdoyouavoidsuchproblems?Choosebagsthathavewide,paddedstraps(有垫的肩带)andabelt.ThatwillhelptransfersomeoftheweightfromthebackandshoulderstothehipsYoushouldalsotightenbothstrapsfirmly,sothepackrestsabout2inchesaboveyourwaist.Also,remembertopackyourbagwiththeheaviestitemsclosesttoyourbackandtobendbothkneeswhenyoupickitup.Howmuchshouldyoustuffintoyourpack?Thatdependsonyoursizeandstrength.butageneralruleisnottoexceed20percentofyourbodyweight,soifachildweighs100pounds,thebackpackanditsloadshouldnotbemorethan20pounds.Onehint.Makefrequenttripstoyourlockertoexchangebooksbetweenclasses.Backpackswithwheelsletyoupulltheweightalongtheground,buttheyhaveproblemstoo.Martyarelargerthantheaverageshoulderbag,sostudentsaretempted1ocarrymorethantheywouldinaconventionalpack.Rollerbagsoftendon'tfitintoalocker.Theycanalsoleadtotapandfallsincrowdedhalls.Whateveryouuse,10or15minutesofstretchingandbackstrengtheningisagoodidea.AboutsixthousandAmericankidswereinjuredbycarryingbackpackslast B. C.Not70percentofUKphysicianshavetreatedchildrenwithsprainsand B. C.NotBackpackswithwide,paddedstrapsandabeltcanhelptoavoidproblemsofsprainsandstrains. B. C.NotA100poundchildshouldcarryabackpackofmorethan20 B. C.NotChildrenshouldputallthebooksintheir B C.NotRollerbagstendtobeheavierthanordinary B. C.NotA10-15minutesexercisewillhelpyoubearaheavier B. C.Not3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分Aromatherapy(芳香疗法Aromatherapyisaformofalternativemedicinewhichisbasedontheuseofveryconcentratedessentialoilsfromtheflowers,leaves,bark,branchesorrootsofntswhichareconsideredtohavehealingproperties.Inaromatherapythesepowerfuloilsaremixedwithotheroils,suchasalmond(杏仁)oil,ortheyarediluted(稀释)withwater.Thesesolutions溶液剂canberubbedontheskin,sprayedintheairorappliedasacompress(敷药)。Manypeoplehavearomatherapymassages(),anddependingonthetreatmenta ishaving,thearomathewillmassagetheoilintothehandsorshoulders.Themassageissmoothandflowing,asitisdesignedtocreateasenseofrelaxationandcalm.Thesessionsaretailoredtotheindividual'shealthandmoodatthetime,soeverysessionisunique.Practionersofaromatherapybelievethatthearomaoftheessentialoilsdirectlystimulatesthebrainorthattheoilsareabsorbedthroughtheskinintothebloodstream,wheretheycanaffectthewholebodyandpromotehealing.Otherclaimsinsupportofaromatherapyarethatitaidsdigestion,improvesthefunctionofrespiratorysystem,reducesmuscularachesandpainsandpromotesmusclerelaxationandtone.Ithasalsobeenarguedthataromatherapycanimprovecirculation,lowerbloodpressureandhelpcombatinsomnia(失眠)andotherstress-relateddisorderssuchastensionheadaches,anxiety,andmilddepression.However,whilearomatherapymayhaverealeffectsthatpromoteasenseofwell-being,sometraditionalmedicinepractitionersremaindoubtfulaboutitspowers.Whileresearchhasconfirmedthataromatherapydoeshavesomepositiveshort-termeffectsonmostpeople,italsosuggeststhataromatherapyisnotanactualscienceormedicinethatshouldbeusedtotreatillness.Furthermore,notallaromatherapyisconsideredbeneficialtohealth.Thereareprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforehavingaromatherapybecausesomeoilscanhavenegativeeffectsonpeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions.Thestudyofaromatherapyisrelativelynewandunexplored.MoreresearchneedstobeconductedtomakescientificconclusionsaboutitsuseandParagraph Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph CurrentCurrentresearchintoDifferentviewsaboutIntroductiontoDoubtsaboutthebenefits .Aromatherapyisamixtureoilfrompartsofthe .ThesessionsofaromatherapymassagesaredesignedAromatherapyisbelieved invariousTheusedandbenefitsofaromatherapyneed suitdifferentbefurtherhelpthebeusedhavehealingbe4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分35第一 ApproachestoUnderstanding (本次考试理A阅读其中一篇Itbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisinligenceandwhataretalentsor abilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsoninligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralinligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentinligences.Somepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofinligencethatcanbemeasuredwithwhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralinligence.Thebrainofinligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherinligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesininligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneinligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralinligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkitlsmuchaboutthetalentsofa outsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentinligences.Theseinligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseinligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourinligences.Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjuredotherpartsofthebrainstillworkPeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsingSothereisnotjustoneinligencetoloseGardnerhasIdentified8differentkindsofinligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical, al,intra al,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),andnaturalistic.WhatisthemainideaofthisHowtounderstand Theimportanceof Thedevelopmentof ligenceHow einWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralinMost ligentpeopledowellonsome ligencePeoplengwellononetypeof ligencetestdowellonother ligentpeopledonotdowellongroup ligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoralGardnerbelievesthat childrenhavedifferentinallchildrenarechildrenshouldtakeoneinligencethereisnogeneralinAccordingtoGardner,schools trainstudentswhodopoorlyonfocusonfindingthemost ligentpromotedevelopmentofallinGardnerthinksthathistheoryhas musicalbiological allinguistic第二 TheWorker’sRolein（来自于2014英语综合类B级阅读判断第十篇Traditionally,ithasbeentheworker'sroletoworkerandmanagement'sroletomanage.Managershavennedanddirectedthefirm'soperationwithlittlethoughtconsultingthelabor.Managershaverarelyfeltcompelledtoobtaintheworker'sopinionsortoexintheirdecisionstotheiremployees.Atmost,companieshaveprovided"suggestionboxes"inwhichworkerscouldceideasforimprovingprocedures.Inrecentyears,however,manymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingthatworkersaremorethansellersoflabor-theyhaveavitalstakeinthe manybeabletomakesignificantcontributionstoitsmanagement.Furthermore,majordecisionsprofoundlyaffectworkersandtheirdependents.Thisisparticularlytrueofntclosings,whichmayputthousandsontheunemploymentlines.Shouldworkers,then,yastrongerroleinmanagement?Workersshouldhavearoleinmanagement.Attheveryleast,thelaborshouldbeinformedofmajordecisions.(Acommoncom intamongrank-and-fileworkersisthelackofinformationabout policiesandactions.)Between1980and1985aboutfivemillionworkerswerethevictimsof ntclosingsandpermanentlayoffs,oftenwithnowarning.Atleast90days’noticeoughttobegiveninsuchinstancessothatworkershavetimetoadjust.Managementshouldconsultworkersbeforeclosingant,becausetheworkersmightbeabletosuggestwaysofimprovingproductivityandreducingcostsandmightbewillingtomakeconcessionsthatwillkeepthentoperating.Itshould eageneralpracticetoincludeworkersinsomemanagerialdecisionmaking.Thereoughttoberepresentativesoftheworkersonthefirm'sboardofdirectorsorothermajormakinggroups.Ifrank-and-fileworkersaregivenavoiceinthenningandmanagementoftheworkflow,theywillhelptomakeimprovement,theirmoralewillrise,andtheirproductivitywillincrease.Asafurtherincentive,theymustbegivenashareinthe 'sprofits.Thiscanbedonethroughemployeestockownershipns,bonuses,orrewardsforefficiencyandproductivity.Finally,whenantcannolongeroperateataprofit,theworkersshouldbegiventheopportunitytopurchasethentandrunitthemselves.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage1thatwerenotdisliked“suggestionseldomobtainedworker’sneverconsultedthelaborInrecentyears,manymanagementspecialistshavebeenarguingthatarenolongersellersofthearelessaffected decisionsthanareabletomakefinaldecisionsforshouldhaveawayinmanagementofTheword“rankandfile”paragraph2isclosestinmeaninginAccordingtothepassage,whathappenedbetween1980andManagersconsultedworkersbeforeclosingaWorkersdidnotmakenecessaryAboutfivemillionworkerswerelaidoffwithoutadvanceManycompanieswereclosedbecauseofIfnotgivenavoiceinmanagerialdecisionmakingcannotgetasharein ’scanstillgetbonusesforefficiencyandmaylacktheincentivetoincreasetheirwillnothavetheopportunitytopurchasethe第三 Obesity(肥胖)intheWesternObesityisrapidly inganewscourgeofthewesternworld,delegatesagreedatthe11thEuropeanConferenceontheissueinVienna1WednesdaytoSaturday.Accordingtostatementsbeforetheopeningoftheconferenceof2,000specialistsfrommorethan50countries一1.2billionpeopleworldwideareoverweight,and250millionareobese.ProfessorBernhardLudvikofViennaGeneralHospitalsaid，“Obesityisachronicillness.InGermany，20percentofthepeoplearealreadyaffected，butinJapanonlyonepercent.”Buthesaidthattherewashopeforsufferersthankstothenewscientificdiscoveriesandmedication.ProfessorFriedrichHopichlerofSalzbergsaid,"Wearelivinginthenewage(but)withthemetabolismofastone-ageman."“IhavejustbeentotheUnitedStates.Itisreallyterrible.Apizzashopisspringingup3oneverycorner.WehavebeenoverrunbyfastfoodandCoca-Cola-ization.”Manyoftheexpertsstressedthatobesitywasapotentialkiller.Hopichlersaid,“Eightypercentofalldiabeticsareobese，alsofiftypercentofallpatientswithhighbloodpressureandfiftypercentwithadiposetissuecomints.”“Tenpercentmoreweightmeansthirteenpercentmoreriskofheartdisease.Reducingone'sweightbytenpercentleadstothirteenpercentlowerbloodpressure.”AnotherexpertHermannToksaidthatthestatehealthservicesshouldimprovetheirfinancingofpreventiveprograms.“Thoughthehealthinsurancepaysforsurgery(suchasreducingthesizeofthestomach)whenthebody-massindexismorethan40.Thatisequivalenttoaweightof116kilogramsforaheightof1.70meters.Oneshouldstartearlier.”Ludviksaidthatpreventionshouldbegininschool.“Childobesity(fatdeposits)correlateswiththetimewhichchildrenspendinfrontofTVsets.”Theconsequenceswereonlyapparentlateron.Nomorethanfifteenpercentofpeoplelivedtotheaveragelifeexpectancy8fortheirpopulationWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutobesityinParagraphPeopleinJapanneedn'tworryaboutObesityisadiseasethatlastsforalong20%ofthepeopleintheworldareObesityshouldbecuredwithnewWhichofthefollowingdoesProf.FriedrichHopichlerprobablyDiabetesismainlycausedby50%ofpatientswithhighbloodpressurecominedaboutThefastfooddinAmericanpizzashopsistasThemoreoneweighs,themorelikelyheistosufferfromheartHermannToksuggestedthatmoremoneyshouldbespenthealthpreventivestatehealthWhichofthefollowingismost paniedbyHighbloodAdiposetissuecom“Theconsequences”inthelastparagraphresultfromreducingtheireatingfastgettingspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofTV下面的短5处空白，短6个句子5个取自短文，请根据短TheDayaLanguage 英语综合B考试中的补全短文WhenCarlosWestezdiedattheageof76,alanguagedied,too.CarlosWestez,morecommonlyknownasRedThunderCloud,wasthelastspeakeroftheNativeAmericanlanguageCatawba.AnyonewhowantstohearvarioussongsoftheCatawbacancontacttheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,D.C.,where,backinthe1940s.RedThunderCloudrecordedaseriesofsongsforfuturegenerations.Somepeoplemighteventrytolearnsomeofthesesongsbyhearts.(46F)TheyareallthatisleftoftheCatawbalanguage.Thelanguagethatpeopleusedtospeakisgoneforever.Weareallawareofthedangerthatmodernindustrycandototheworld’s（生态）.However,fewpeopleareawareoftheimpactthatwidelyspokenlanguageshaveonotherlanguagesandwaysoflife.Englishhasspreadallovertheworld.,Spanish,Russian,andHindihave epowerfullanguagesaswell.Asthese emorepowerful,theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincreases.fewpeopledieout.Scholarsbelievetherearearound6,000languagesaroundtheworld,butmorethanhalfofthemcoulddieoutwithinthenext100years.Therearemanyexamples.ArakiisanativelanguageoftheislandofVanuatu,locatedinthePacificOcean.Itisspokenbyonlyafewadults,solikeCatawba,Arakiwillsoondisappear.ManylanguagesofEthiopianwillhavethesamefatebecauseeachonehasonlyafewspeakers.PaNewGuineaisanextremelyrichsourceofdifferentlanguage,butmorethan100ofthemareindangerofextinction（）.（48C）IntheAmericas,100languages,eachofwhichhasfewerthan300speakers,alsoaredyingout.RedThunderCloudwasoneofthefirsttorecognizethethreatoflanguagedeathandtotrytodosomethingaboutit.HewasnotactuallybornintotheCatawbatribe,andthelanguagewasnothismothertongue.However,hewasafrequentvisitortotheCatawbareservationinSouthCarolina,wherehelearnedthelanguage.（49A）ThesongshesangfortheSmithsonianInstitutionhelpedtomakeNativeAmericanmusicpopular.Nowheisgone,andthelanguageisdead.Whatdoesitmeanfortherestofuswhenalanguagedisappears?Whenant,insect,oranimalspeciesdies,itiseasytounderstandwhatwe’velostandtoappreciatewhatthismeansforthebalanceofthenaturalworld.However,languageisonlyaproductofthemind.Tobethelastremainingspeakerofalanguage,likeRedThunderCloud,mustbealonelydestiny,almostasstrangeandterribleasbeingthelastsurvivingmemberofadyingspecies.Fortherestofus,whenalanguagedies,welosethepossibilityofauniquewayofseeinganddescribingtheworld.（50B）F.SomepeoplemightwanttotrytolearnsomeofthesesongsbyD.Astheselanguages emorepowerful,theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincreases.C.Pa NewGuineaisanextremelyrichsourceofdifferentlanguage,butmorethan100ofthemareindangerofextinction（ A.However,hewasafrequentvisitortotheCatawbareservationinSouthCarolina,wherehelearnedthelanguage.B.Fortherestofus,whenalanguagedies,welosethepossibilityofauniquewayofseeinganddescribingtheworld.【ETheselanguagesdon’thavemanynativespeakers.6部分：完形填空（第61—65题，每题1分，共