不定式和动名词的区别

不定式和动名词的差别和接洽1）动名与定式的别：动名词表达的是：状性,心情,抽经常性已生的不定式表达的是：目,成果原,具体一次性将生不定式与动名词都可以在中作主.宾语表和定语但法尽雷同一作语一般情形下不定式与动词作主语可以交换,也常可以用it充当势语而把不定式和动名词放在子的后半部分.二者也有差别,不式常指某次具体的将产生的行动而名词则暗示一般的抽的行动例如:Tosavemoneynowisnoteasy.如攒钱不轻易.Savingmoneyisagoodhabit.攒钱是个好习惯[真题回放1.________tosunlighttoomuchtimewilldoharmto’sskin.A.ExposedHavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed二作语有些动词后只能跟不定式宾,不克不及跟动名词作宾语有动后跟动名词作宾语不克不跟不定式作宾语有些动词后跟不定式和动名作宾语皆可但思不合别还要熟记下面几点

1)下列短语中的to是词,厥后跟动名,不跟不定式be(get)usedto习惯于;forwardto希望;payattentionto留意getdown开卖做leadto通导致;doing...todoing...情愿做……而不肯做……;stickto保持;devoteone’slife(time,oneself)to献于致于objectto否;inadditionto...除…之外ontheway在…的上刚成……;等等2)不定式除可用在except,but,等作宾语之外一不必作词宾语此,不定式可否省to,决于其前是否有行动动词do或其响应势有则省略无不克不及省.例如Shedidnothingbutsomeclothesthatday.那她了洗一衣服之外什么也没做Wehadnochoiceexcepttowalkhome.除了走着回家我们别无选.3)动词除了其一般式doing,有完成式havingdone以一般式的自情势beingdone和成的自动情势havingbeendone;动名词前可以加上逻辑主语组动名词的复构造:sb.’sdoing.例如:I’msorryfornotkeptmypromise.异抱愧,我能照言(nothavingkeptmypromise产在amsorry之前)DoyoumindMarybeingleftaloneathome?你介怀玛丽被单独一小留在家里吗

4)不式的完成式tohavedone暗在语动词之前已经产生的动作而不定式的一般式do暗动作将要产.不定式还有其自动情势tobedone(暗示将来的自动)和tohavebeendone(暗示曩昔的自动动作.三作语不定式与动名词作表语时差别与作主语时雷同例:MyjobisteachingEnglish.我工作是教英语.(泛指,多性象动Yourtaskistogoandhelpthefarmers.你的工作是去帮忙那些农易近(特指,一性体)四作语不定式多为后置定语动名词多为前置定;不式暗示将来的动作动词只能暗示事物的属性用处.例如:Helookingforroomtolivein.他正在找一间房子去住Takethesesleepingpillsandyou’llsleepbetter.吃这安眠药你会睡得更好.留意:不定式作定语时日与其前的名(代词)组成动宾关系假作语的不定式是不及物动词,厥平日要加上响应的介词例如:Pleasegivemeaknifewithwhichcut.2)鄙人列情形下,一般用不定式：①hate,like,love前would(should)时,如：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等进行式时如Thestudentsare

startingtoworkonthedifficultmath’sproblem.③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状况动词连用,如Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等词后接动名词作宾语,或不定

式

作

宾

语

补

足

语.

如：Ourteachersdon'tpermitour/usswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdon'tpermitustoswiminthelake.3）部动后接不定式动名词时意义不同较大,应依据句子语境择应用.①forget,remember,regret接不定式,暗示如今或将来的动作接动名词暗示Don't

动

作forget

已to

经post

产the

生.letter

如for

：me.Have

you

forgotten

meeting

her

in

BeijingAirport?Remember

to

close

the

windows

before

you

leave.I

rememberwritinghimaletter

a

year

ago.Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendmeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.动名词与不定式义不

合

的

有

11

组

：

1

forget

doing/to

doforget

to

do

忘

却

要

去

做

某

事

.(

未

做

)forgetdoing

忘

却

做

过

某

事

.(

已

做

)Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着,它关.(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘却他已经关了灯了.(

已做过关灯的动作)Don'tforgettocometomorrow.

别

忘

了

明

天

来.(tocome

动

作

未

做)典

范

例

题----

Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot___.A.turningoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturnedit

off答案：C.由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有生是以

用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth暗灯已经关上了,而本身忘却了这一事实此处相符题

意2stopdoing/todostoptodo

停滞,中止本来做的,开端做别的一件事stop

doing

停

滞

正

在

做

的

事Theystoptosmokeacigarette.

他们停下来,抽了烟.I

muststopsmoking..

我

必

须

戒

烟

了.典

范

例

题Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideA.tohave

ofrestedB.resting

theC.torestD.

path.rest答案：C.由意知她了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上歇息.以应选

择"stoptodosth.停下往来来往做另一件事".不但仅是登山动作的终止,所stopdoingsth.不3

准remember

确doing/to

.doremember

to

do

记

得

去

做

某

事

(

未

做

)remember

doing

记

得

做

过

某

事

(

已

做

)

Remember记住Don't

toyou

下

goto学remember

the后

post去seeing

office趟the

after邮man

school.局.before?你不记得以前见过那小我吗?4regretdoing/todoregrettodo

对

要

做

的

事

圆

满.(

未

做)regretdoing

对做过的事圆满.懊悔.(已做)Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很圆满必须如许去做,我其实没有方法.I

don't

regret

telling

her

what

I

thought.我

不

为

告

知

她

我

的

设

法

主

意

尔

懊

悔.典

范

例

题---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案：D.regretdonesth.对产生的事觉得圆满.regrettodosth.对将要做的事觉得圆.本题为对已说的话觉得懊悔,是以D.5

cease

doing/to

doceasetodo

长

时

光,

甚

至

永

久

停

做

某

事

.ceasedoing

短时停滞做某事,今后还会接着做.That

department

has

ceased

to

exist

forever.谁

人

部

分

已

不

复

消

失.Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在先生走过时,停了会谈天.6trydoing/todotrytodo

尽

力,

妄

图

做

某

事.

try

doing

实

验

,

试

着

做

某

事.You

must

try

to

be

more

careful.你

可

要

多

加

当

心.I

tried

gardening

but

didn't

succeed.我

试

着

种

果

木

花

草,

但

未

成

功.7

go

on

doing/to

dogoontodo

做了一件过后,接着做另一件事.goon

doing

持

续

做

本

来

做

的

事.Afterhehadfinishedhismath,hewentontodohisphysics.做

完

数

学

后,

他

接

着

去

做

物

理.Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作

完

这

个

演

习

后,

接

着

做

其

他

的

演

习8

be

afraiddoing/to

dobeafraidtodo不胆怯做某事,是不雅上的原因不去做,意为"怕;beafraidofdoing放心失doing的状.成.doing是客不雅上成的意

为"

生

怕,

生

怕".Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步.She

was

afraid

to

wake

her

husband.她

不

敢

去

唤

醒

她

丈

夫.She

was

afraid

of

waking

her

husband.她

生

怕

吵

醒

她

丈

夫..9

be

interested

doing/to

do

interestedtodo

对做某事感兴致,想懂得某事.interestedindoing对某种设法主意感兴致,doing平日为设法主意.I

shall

be

interested

to

know

what

happens.我

很

想

知

道

产

生

了

什

么

事.

(

想

懂

得)I'minterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.youhaveanyideaaboutthat?我对在瑞士工作感兴致你想过这事吗?一种设法主意)10meantodoing/todomean

to

do

打

算

.

想

要

做

某

事mean

doing

意

味

着

要

有

一

个

成

果Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我

想

去,

但

是

我

父

亲

不

肯

让

我

去.To

raise

wage

means

increasing

purchasing

power.赠

加

工

资

意

味

着

增

长

购

置

力.11

begin(start)

doing/to

dobegin

/

start

to

dosthbegin

/

start

doing

sth.1)谈及一项长期运动或开端一种习惯时,应用

doing.Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?你

几

岁

时

开

端

弹

钢

琴？2)begin,start

用进行不时,后面动词用不定式

todoI

was

beginning

to

get

angry.我

开

端

生

起

气

来.3)在attempt,intend,begin,start后know,understand,realize这类

动

词

时,

经

常

应

用

不

定

式to

do.I

begin

to

understand

the

truth.我

开

端

明

确

本

相

.4)

物

作

主

语

时,

常

应

用

不

定

式

to

do.Itbegantomelt.1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.A.don’tB.notC.notD.notto2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.A.nottohaveB.nottotakeC.didn’ttakeD.nottomake3.Tellhim_______thewindow.A.shutnotB.nottoshutC.notshutD.notshut4.Theboywantedtoridebicyclethestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto5.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter________afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.todriveC.neverdrivingD.drive6.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.eatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating7.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked8.Theywouldnotallowhim________acrosstheenemyA.riskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing9.Isawhim_______outthe

A.B.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.goes10.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_______upfromchildhood.A.growB.C.wasgrowingD.togrow11.I’veheardhim_______aboutyouoften.A.spokeB.speaksC.speak12.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.cry;cry13.Thiscompanywasthe____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.produceC.havingproducedD.produced14.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake15.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD16.There’resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind_____tobuy.A.whatB.C.howD.where17.Thereisn’tanybetweenthetwo.reallydon’tknow_________.A.wheretochooseB.tochooseC.choosewhatD.tochoosewhich

18.“Haveyoudecidedwhen________?”“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”A.leaveB.tobeleavingC.willyouleaveD.areyouleaving19.LastsummerItookacourseon________.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade20.doesn’tknow______tostayornot.A.whetherB.C.eitherD.will21.She_______mewhenpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen22.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turningoffB.turnitoffC.turnitoffD.havingturneditoff23.agreed_________herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet24Youweresillynot_______yourcar.A.lockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked25.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake1.Helenhadto____abovesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard

2.ReadinganexperiencedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures___inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.formB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Themaninsisted___ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.findingD.infinding4.Theoldman,____abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.workB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.having5.Youweresillynot___yourcar.A.lockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked6.Don’tleavethewater___brushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun7.Whenflint电)___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingintroducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced8.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,saidBob,____outofthewindow.A.lookingtolookC.lookedD.havinglooked9.advisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake10.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.waitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited

11.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaMiningCompany,________3M.A.knowingknownC.beingknownD.tobeknown12.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucanhavetimeto____beforetheparty.A.getchanged*B.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange13.____bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtostayanothertwodaysoffthefarm.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted14.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____thatI’mtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A.beheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard15.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only___thefilmstarshadleft.A.tellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told16.Havingbeeninbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime_____theexam.A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing17.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn’tseembigatall.A.CompareWhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared18.____theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnot19.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,

better___it’vegotsomebigbillscoming.A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget20.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek___TV.A.watchB.watchingC.watchingD.watch21.Thefluisbelieved____byviruses（病毒）thatliketoreproducetheinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.cau