2018-2022北京重点校高二（下）期中英语汇编：阅读理解C篇

22/222018-2022北京重点校高二（下）期中英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2022·北京师大附中高二期中）GOINGTOUNIVERSITY

issupposedtobeamind-broadeningexperience.Thatstatementisprobablymadeincomparisontotrainingforworkstraightafterschool,whichmightnotbesoencouraging.Butisitactuallytrue?JessikaGolleoftheUniversityofTübingen,inGermany,thoughtshewouldtrytofindout.Herresult,however,isnotquitewhatmightbeexpected.Asshereportsin

PsychologicalScience

thisweek,shefoundthatthosewhohavebeentouniversitydoindeedseemtoleavewithbroaderandmoreinquiringmindsthanthosewhohavespenttheirimmediatepost-schoolyearsinvocational(职业的)trainingforwork.However,itwasnotthecasethatuniversitybroadenedminds.Rather,workseemedtonarrowthem.Dr.Gollecametothisconclusionaftersheandateamofcolleaguesstudiedtheearlycareersof2,095Germanyoungsters.Theteamusedtwostandardizedteststoassesstheirvolunteers.Onewasofpersonalitytraits,includingopenness,conscientiousness（认真）andsoon.Theotherwasofattitudes,suchasrealistic,investigativeandenterprising.Theyadministeredbothteststwice—oncetowardstheendofeachvolunteer’stimeatschool,andthenagainsixyearslater.Oftheoriginalgroup,382wereontheintermediatetrack,fromwhichtherewasachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,anditwasonthesethattheresearchersfocused.Universitybeckonedfor212ofthem.Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.Whenitcametothesecondroundoftests,Dr.Gollefoundthatthepersonalitiesofthosewhohadgonetouniversityhadnotchangedsignificantly.Thosewhohadundergonevocationaltrainingandthengotjobswerenotthatmuchchangedinpersonality,either—exceptinonecrucialrespect.Theyhadbecomemoreconscientious.Thatsoundslikeagoodthing,certainlycomparedwiththecommonpublicimageofundergraduatesasabunchoflazybones.Butchangesinattitudethattheresearchersrecordedwereratherworrying.Intheuniversitygroup,again,noneweredetectable.Butthosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature.Andthatmightrestricttheirchoiceofcareers.Someinvestigativeandenterprisingjobs,suchasscientificresearch,are,indeedbeyondthedegreeless.Butmany,particularlyinGermany,withitstraditionofvocationaltraining,arenot.Theresearchersmention,forexample,computerprogrammersandfinance-sectorworkersascareersrequiringthesetraits.IfDr.Golleiscorrect,andchangesinattitudebroughtaboutbytheverytrainingGermanypridesitselfonarenarrowingpeople’schoices,thatisindeedamatterworthyofseriousconsideration.1．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplace“beckonedfor”inParagraph2?A．Examined. B．Attracted.C．Organized. D．Recognized.2．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．Thedegreelesshavenotchangedinpersonalities.B．Goingtouniversityisamind-broadeningexperience.C．Workingstraightafterschoolnarrowspeople’sminds.D．Collegestudentspridethemselvesontheireducation.3．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,.A．collegestudentsenjoyaverygoodpublicimageB．theundergraduateshavechangedsignificantlyinattitudeC．thedegreelessaremuchbetteratdealingwithchallengingtasksD．peopleshowlessinterestininvestigativejobsduetovocationaltraining4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefinding?A．Concerned. B．Optimistic.C．Unclear. D．Sceptical.（2022·北京市第五中学高二期中）Runnerswhoencountervisualandauditory(听觉的)distractionsmaybemorelikelytosufferleginjuries,accordingtoaresearchbytheAssociationofAcademicPhysiatristsinLasVegas.Runnersoftenseekdistractionsfromthetaskathand.Whetheritismusic,texting,daydreaming,takinginthesights,orproppingabookuponthetreadmill(跑步机),moreoftenthannotadistractioniswelcome.But,researchersfromtheUniversityofFloridahaverecentlydiscoveredthatthosedistractionsmayleadtoinjury.DanielHerman,MD,PhD,assistantprofessoratUniversityofFlorida,andhisteamconductedaresearchontheeffectofvisualandauditorydistractionson14runnerstodeterminewhateffect,ifany,thesedistractionswouldhaveonthingssuchasheartrate,howmucharunnerbreathesperminute,howmuchoxygenisconsumedbythebody,thespeedinwhichrunnersapplyforcetotheirbodies,andtheforcethegroundappliestotherunners’bodieswhentheycomeincontactwithit.Therunnerswereallinjuryfreeatthetimeofthestudyandran31mileseachweek.Dr.Herman’steamhadeachparticipantrunonatreadmillthreeseparatetimes.Thefirsttimewaswithoutanydistractions.Thesecondtimeaddedavisualdistraction,duringwhichtherunnersconcentratedonascreendisplayingdifferentlettersindifferentcolorswiththerunnershavingtonotewhenaspecificletter-colorcombinationappeared.Thethirdtimeaddedanauditorydistractionsimilartothevisualdistraction,withtherunnershavingtonotewhenaparticularwordwasspokenbyaparticularvoice.Whencomparedtorunningwithoutdistractions,theparticipantshadfasterapplicationofforcetotheirleftandrightlegs,calledloadingrate,withauditoryandvisualdistractions.Theyalsoexperiencedanincreasedamountofforcefromthegroundonbothlegs,calledgroundreactionforce,withauditorydistractions.Finally,therunnerstendedtobreatheheavierandhavehigherheartrateswithvisualandauditorydistractionsthanwithoutanydistractionsatall.“Runninginenvironmentswithdifferentdistractionsmayunfavorablyaffectrunningperformanceandinjuryrisk,”explainsDr.Herman.“Sometimesthesethingscannotbeavoided,butyoumaybeabletominimizepotentiallycumulative(累积的)effects.Forexample,whenrunninganewrouteinanoisyenvironmentsuchasduringadestinationmarathon,youmaywanttoskiplisteningtosomethingwhichmayrequiremoreattention—likeanewsongplaylist.”Dr.Herman’steamwillcontinuetoinvestigatethepotentialrelationshipbetweendistractedrunningandleginjuries,andanyeffectthisrelationshiphasondifferenttrainingtechniquesthatuseauditoryorvisualcues(暗示).5．Paragraph2tellsustheresearch______.A．process B．resultsC．questions D．reflection6．Basedontheresearch,runnerswithauditorydistractionstendedto______.A．breatheheavierandhavelowerheartratesB．getanincreasedamountofgroundreactionforceC．applymoreforcewithlessoxygenconsumptionD．gainafasterspeedwithslowerloadingrates7．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Runningwithdistractionsbecomesuncommonnowadays.B．Listeningtoanewsongwhilerunningguaranteesperformance.C．Runnersaremorelikelytogetinjuredinanenvironmentwithoutdistractions.D．Runnersareadvisedtominimizedistractionsinadestinationmarathon.8．WhatisprobablythenexttaskforDr.Herman’steam?A．Whatdeterminestrainingtechniques.B．Howdistractionsshouldbeusedintraining.C．Whyrunnersuseauditoryandvisualcues.D．Whateffectivewayscancureleginjuries.（2022·北京四中高二期中）ServingUpHopeFoodallergieshavebeenontherise.IntheUS,itisnowestimatedthatover10percentoftheadultpopulationhasanallergytopeanuts,shellfish,dairyoranothertypeoffood.IntheUK,thepastthreedecadeshaveseenhospitaladmissionsforfoodallergiesrisefivefold.Thankfully,wearebuildingupthearmoryneededtoreversethistrendsothat,oneday,suchpotentiallydeadlyreactionsbecomeathingofthepast.Themostcommontypesoffoodallergiesaretriggeredbyantibodiesthatwemakecalledimmunoglobulin(免疫球蛋白)EorIgE.Theseantibodieswerediscoveredinthemid-1960sandkick-startedaneraofallergyresearchthatisstillgoingstrongtoday.Theearlyfindingshavespawnedthousandsofstudiesthatpaintanintricate(复杂的)pictureofhowallergieswork,suggestingwaysinwhichwecanpreventandtreatthem.Whensomeonehasafoodallergy,IgEisinvolvedintriggeringaresponsewhentheimmunesystemcomesintocontactwiththatfood.Essentially,thebodyseesthatpartofyourmealasanenemy,releasinghistamine(组织胺)andotherinflammatorychemicalsinanattempttodealwithit.Thiscausessymptomsrangingfromitchinessandsneezestowheezing(喘气)andanaphylacticshock(过敏性休克).Theresultcanbeanythingfromamildinconveniencetodeath.Theoldsaying“preventionisbetterthanthecure”holdstrueforfoodallergies.MycolleaguesandIusetheso-calledsixDsasaguidetopreventativemeasuresduringchildhood:diet,dirt,dogs,dryskin,detergents(清洁剂)andvitaminD．Studieshavefoundthatpeoplehavealowerriskofdevelopinganallergywhen,asyoungsters,theyeatadiversedietanddosooften,havehealthyvitaminDlevels,liveinahomewithadog,avoiddryskinandareexposedtodirt,allowingthemtodevelopagoodmicrobiome(微生物组).TheuseofharshdetergentshasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinIgE.Clearly,formanypeoplethathavefoodallergies,suchearlylifepreventionisnolongeranoption.However,otherapproachesaretakingshape.Mostoftheinterventionswecurrentlyusetargettheimmunesysteminanefforttoretrainitsresponsetoallergens.Onetechnique,knownasallergenimmunotherapy(免疫疗法),involvesslowlybuildingupexposuretoaproblemfood.Bystartinginverysmalldoses,thebodyappearstobeabletoberetrainedtonolongerseeitasathreat.However,immunotherapyneedsregularexposuretoallergens,whichcancausesideeffects.Allergyvaccinesareanotheroption.Theseworkbyreshapingthebody’simmuneresponsetoaparticularfoodsoitdoesn’tendinillness.Aswegainevidenceandexperiencewitheachoftheseapproaches,wearemovingclosertobeingabletotreatallfoodallergies.9．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecantellthat________.A．foodallergiesaremostsevereintheUKandtheUSB．immunoglobulinEonlytakeseffectwhenwehavefoodallergiesC．theresearchofallergieshasn’tbeenconducteduntilveryrecentyearsD．morepeopleintheUKnowsufferfromfoodallergiesthanitwas30yearsago10．TheauthormentionedsixDsto________.A．arousereaders’curiosityaboutthepreventativemeasuresoffoodallergiesB．assurereadersofhisuniquemethodinthefightagainstfoodallergiesC．discusstheeffectivenessofthispotentialmethodforcuringfoodallergiesD．supportthebeliefthatpreventionofanallergyismoreimportantthanthecure11．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．peoplearelikelytogetridoffoodallergiesthroughgradualadaptationtothespecificproblemfoodB．someearlypreventionmethodslikethesixDsarenolongerhelpfulinthecuringoffoodallergiesC．immunotherapybringsmoreharmthangoodasitneedsregularexposuretothespecificproblemfoodD．ourbody’simmuneresponsecanbereshapedbyvaccines,whichcancausesideeffects12．Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofthefightagainstthefoodallergiesis________.A．subjective B．optimistic C．skeptical D．critical（2022·北京·北师大二附中高二期中）ABridgeLinkingArtandtheAudienceAccordingtoa2018report,peopleagedbetween16and24makeupabout15percentofthepopulationbutonly10percentofmuseum-goers.Similarly,peopleagedover35gohalfasmuchasyouwouldexpectfromtheirpopulationsize.Wehavereachedthepointofrecognisingthedisconnectionbetweenartandtheaudiencebuthaven’tyetdeterminedhowtobridgethegap.Twoanswerstotacklingthischallengelieintellingagreaterdiversityofarthistoriesandcommunicatingthesestoriesinmoreaccessibleways.In2018,aradioprogramcalledArtMatterswasstartedwiththeaimofdiscussingartfromapop-cultureviewpointwithtopicsthatwouldengageyoungerandmorediverseaudience.Itoffersanaccessiblepathwaytoarthistorywithconversationsondifferenttopics.Arthistoryisaboutstorytelling;artcontentshineswhenthereisanefforttobringaudiencealongforthediscussion.Moretraditionalinstitutionsarepayingattention.RecentlytheGettyMuseumissuedasocial-mediachallengeforpeopletorecreatepaintingsusingitemstheyhadathome.Usersdisplayedincrediblecreativity,andthemuseumwasfloodedwithsubmissions.Thisreactionprovesthatthereisapotentialdesirefortheaudiencetoengagewitharttopicsiftheformatisappealing.Sincemanypeoplefeelintimidatedandthinkthatthere’sabaselevelofunderstandingrequiredtojointheconversation,theGettyinitiativeservesasareminderthattherearemanypathwaystoengagingwithit.AnotherresultoftheGettychallengewastheexposuregiventoadiversityofartworks.ThefamousoperasingerPeterBrathwaite,forexample,madescoresofattractiverecreationshighlightingcenturiesofblackpaintings.Hiseffortsopposedtheideathattherewerenotmanyhistoricalpaintingsofblackfigures.Itisextremelyimportantthatwedoabetterjobofshowingthecomplexanddiversestoriesthatarerepresentedinart.Socialmediahaveofferedaplatformforpeoplewhohavenottraditionallyhadaseatatthetable.Anyonecanrecogniseagapinthefieldandaddressit.Accountshavegatheredtensofthousandsoffollowers.Theyaretheproofthatthereishungertohearthesearthistories,andthesethemesworkbrilliantlyformuseumprogramming.Butthereisonlysomuchthatcanbedonewithoutthemuseumsandgallerieschangingmeaningfullyfromwithin.Weneedtoseeabetterbalanceofthesestoriesrepresentedinpermanentcollections.Wealsoneedamuchwiderdiversityofpeopleandinterestsrepresentedonboard.Ensuringthatart-andwritingandtalkingaboutart-isabletocontinueontherisinggenerationofstorytellers,insideandoutsideofinstitutions,gettingthefundingandsupporttheyneedtopaintabrighterpictureforthepart.13．Whatchallengeistheauthortryingtotackle?A．Peopledoubtagreatdiversityofartworks.B．Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplegotomuseums.C．Artappearstoodistantfromcommonaudience.D．Adultaudiencehasadifferentunderstandingofart.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidated”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Tired. B．Worried. C．Annoyed. D．Surprised.15．Intheauthor’sopinion,themuseumsandgalleriesshould________.A．makethearthistorystoriesaccessibleinatraditionalway.B．changemeaningfullyforactivitiesliketheGettychallenge.C．limitthenumberofstorytellersbothinandoutofinstitutions.D．improvethepermanentcollectionsbyaddingfamousartworks.16．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatcommonaudience________.A．lacksthechannelstounderstandandtalkaboutarthistory.B．preferstoviewartworksandhearartstoriesonsocialmedia.C．feelssatisfiedwithpeopleandinterestsrepresentedonboard.D．refusestoengagewithdiversearttopicsandarthistorystories.（2022·北京·人大附中高二期中）LiaThomas,astudentattheUniversityofPennsylvania,isanexcellentswimmer.Sheoftenbeatsherrivalsbytensofseconds,breakingrecords.Hersuccessisbasedonthreethings.Oneisnaturaltalent.Anotherispersistenttraining.Andthethirdisbiology.Foralthoughsheidentifiesasawoman,MsThomaswasbornmale.Sincehumanscannotchangetheirsex(unliketheirself-identifiedgender),sheremainsthatway.Ontheeveofherbiggestcompetition,MsThomasfindsherselfatthecentreofthebad-tempereddebateaboutwhethertranswomen-maleswhoidentifyaswomen-shouldcompeteinwomen’ssports.That,inturn,ispartofabroaderargument:shouldbrute(纯粹的)biologicalfactssometimesoverridepeople’sdeeplyheldfeelingsabouttheiridentities?Thisnewspaperbelievesitisalmostalwaysunfairtoallowtransgenderwomentocompeteinwomen’ssports.Theadvantagesbestowedbymalepuberty(青春期)aresobigthatnoamountoftrainingortalentcanenablefemaleathletestoovercomethem.FlorenceGriffithJoyner’s100-metresworldsprintingrecordhasstoodforthreedecades.AmalematchingitwouldnotevenmakeittotheOlympics,letalonethefinal.In2016,atanAmericaneventforhigh-schoolers,fouroftheeightboysinthe100-metresfinalranfaster.Muchofthemaleadvantageisgrantedbytestosterone(睾丸素),apotentanabolicsteroidwhoselevelsrisesharplyinmalepuberty.Formanyyears,manysportingbodies,followingtheleadoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,hopedtodealwiththeissuebyallowingtranswomentocompeteinwomen’seventsprovidedtheytooktestosterone-suppressingdrugs.Butthesciencesuggeststhisdoesnotleveltheplayingfield.Suppressingtestosteroneinadults,itseems,doeslittletoundotheadvantagesgrantedbyamaleadolescence.Sportsmustthereforechoosebetweeninclusionandfairness;andtheyshouldchoosefairplay.Thatdoesnotmean,asissometimesclaimed,thattranswomenwouldbebarredfromallsport.Onewaytomakethatclearwouldbetoreplacethe“men’s”and“women’s”categorieswith“open”and“female”ones.Thefirstwouldbeopentoallcomers.Thesecondwouldberestrictedonthebasisofbiology.Sportispublic,andresultscanbemeasuredobjectively.Thatmeanstheargumentthatthematerialfactsofbiologyshouldsometimesoutrankaperson’ssubjectivesenseofidentityiseasiertomake.Butbiasexists,asaRepublicanbillinFloridatorestrict“instruction”inschoolsaboutgenderidentityorsexualorientationmakesplain.Thatshouldberesisted.Mostofthetime,itcostslittleornothingtorespectpeople’schoicesabouthowtheywishtopresentthemselves.Intherarecaseswhererightsclash(不相容),societymustweighthebalancesensitivelyandwithopeneyes.17．TheauthormentionsJoyner’s100-metresworldsprintingrecordtoshowthat________.A．mostfemaleathletescan’trivaltranswomenathletesB．malepubertyisthebesttimeforsportscompetitionC．itisunfairforMsThomastocompeteinwomen’ssportsD．thisrecordcan’tmakeamalereachthethresholdoftheOlympics18．Whatdoes“that”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．bill B．bias C．instruction D．identity19．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstranspeopleinsportscompetition?A．disagreeable B．open-minded C．sympathetic D．conservative20．Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．InclusionandFairness B．RespectPeople’sChoicesC．“Open”and“Female”inSports D．BiologyMattersAGreatDeal（2022·北京·101中学高二期中）Manyearlyapproachestolanguagetechnologygostuckinaconceptualdeadend:therules-basedapproachintranslation.Thismeanttryingtowriterulestoanalyzethetextofasentenceinthelanguageoforigin,breakingitdownintoasortofabstract“interlanguage”andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.Theseapproachesshowedearlypromise.Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasilybrokedownwhentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.Nearlyalllanguagetechnologiesbegantogetalotbetterwiththeapplicationofstatisticalmethods.Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.Forexample,inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.Ituseswhatithaslearnedtomakeitsbestguessaboutapreviouslyunseentext.Inmachinetranslation,thesoftwarescansmillionsofwordsthatalreadyhavebeentranslatedbyhumansandlearnsfromabodyofrecordingsandthetranscriptionsmadebyhumans.Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,thisapproacheventuallyborefruit.Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,andbigcompanieswithaccesstoenormousamountsofdatawerereadytobenefit.Thefinaladvance,whichbeganonlyaboutfiveyearsago,camewiththearrivalofdeeplearningthroughdigitalneuralnetworks(DNNs).Theseareoftenclaimedtohavequalitiessimilartothoseofthehumanbrain.ButNilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,”thebasisofwhichhadalreadybeenwellunderstoodfordecades.Whatchangedwasthehardwarebeingused.Almostbychance,DNNresearchersdiscoveredthatthegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)usedtoproducegraphicsinapplicationswerealsobrilliantathandlingneuralnetworks.Thetechniquehasalreadyproducedbigleapsinqualityforallkindsofdeeplearning,includingdecodinghandwriting,recognizingfacesandclassifyingimages.Nowtheyarehelpingtoimproveallmanneroflanguagetechnologies,oftenbringingenhancementsofupto30percent.Thathasshiftedlanguagetechnologiesfrombeingusableinapinchtobeingreallyrathergood.Butsofarnoonehasquiteworkedoutwhatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.21．Accordingtothepassage,whatisaproblemoftherules-basedapproach?A．Rulesareoftenmisinterpretedbyresearchers.B．Rulesaretooabstracttoidentifyorunderstand.C．Rulesaredifficulttoidentifyinsomelanguages.D．Rulesaren’talwaysclear-cutoruniversallyapplicable.22．Whatplaysacrucialroleinenablingthe“approachtograduallybearfruit”?A．Theincreasingamountofdata.B．Thefallingpricesofscanningsoftware.C．Theavailabilityofrecordingsandtranscripts.D．Thewiderknowledgepeoplehaveoflanguages.23．WhichofthefollowingisNilsLenkemostlikelytoagreewithaboutDNNs?A．Theyareabigbreakthrough.B．Theydependmoreonhardware.C．Theyarenotinnovativeinnature.D．Theyhaven’tbeenscientificallyproved.24．WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutGPUs?A．TheyhavereplacedDNNsathandlingneuralnetworks.B．Theyhaveachievedlimitedsuccessregardinglanguagetechnologies.C．Theyhavehelpedmakelanguagetechnologiesreliablygreaterthanever.D．Theyhelpenhancelanguagetechnologiesbymeansofimageclassification.（2021·北京四中高二期中）Lightisacomplexphenomenonclassicallyexplainedwithasimplemodelbasedonraysandwavefronts.Manyoftheaspectsoflighthavebeenexplored,butfewpeoplenoticethemhappeningintheirreallives.Forexample,mostofusobservesometypeofopticalinterferencealmostdaily,butusuallydon'trealizetheeventsinplaybehindtheever-changingdisplayofcolorsproducedwhenlightwavesinterferewitheachother.Oneofthebestexamplesofinterferenceisshownbythelightreflectedfromafilmofoilfloatingonwater.Anotherexampleisthethinfilmofasoapbubble,whichreflectsaseriesoflightwithbeautifulcolorswhenshinedbynaturalorman-madelightsources.Electromagneticradiation(电磁辐射）,thelargerfamilyofwave-likephenomenatowhichvisiblelightbelongs,istheprimaryvehicletransportingenergythroughthevastreachesoftheuniverse.Themeansbywhichvisiblelightissentoutorabsorbed,andhowitpredictablyreactsunderdifferentconditionsasittravelsthroughspaceandtheatmosphere,formthebasisoftheexistenceofcolorinouruniverse.Thehumaneyeissensitivetoaformofelectromagneticradiationthatliesinthewavelengthrangebetween400and700nanometers(纳米），commonlyknownasthevisiblelightspectrum,whichistheonlysourceofcolor.Whencombined,allofthewavelengthspresentinvisiblelightformcolorlesswhitelight.Red,green,andbluecolorsareclassicallyconsideredtheprimarycolorsbecausetheyarefundamentaltohumanvision.Lightisobservedaswhitebyhumanswhenoureyesareaffectedbyequalamountsofred,green,andbluelightatthesametime.Theconceptofcolortemperatureisofgreatimportanceinphotographyanddigitalimaging,regardlessofwhethertheimagecapturedeviceisacameraoramicroscope.Alackofpropercolortemperaturebalancebetweenthemicroscopelightsourceandtheimagesensoristhemostcommonreasonforunexpectedcolorshiftsinphotomicrography(显微照相术）anddigitalimaging.Ifthecolortemperatureofthelightsourceistoolowforthefilm,photomicrographswillhaveanoverallyellowishorreddishcastandwillappearwarm.Ontheotherhand,whenthecolortemperatureofthelightsourceistoohighforthefilm,photomicrographswillhaveabluecastandwillappearcool.Asproblematicasthesecolorshiftsmayseem,they'realwayseasilycorrectedbytheproperuseofconversionandlightbalancingfilters(滤光器）。25．Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothe1stparagraphofthepassage?A．Mostofusaren'texplicitabouthowcolorsareproduced.B．Lightisclassicallydefinedintermsofraysandwavefronts.C．Peoplecanunderstandopticalinterferencebywatchingfilms.D．Shinedbynaturalorman-madelightsources,filmsreflectaseriesoflight.26．Whatcanwelearnaboutelectromagneticradiation?A．Itmovesinastraightline.B．Colororiginatesfromit.C．Greenlightsarenotpartofit.D．Itswavelengthcan'tbe500nanometers.27．Thecolorshiftsonphotomicrographs__________.A．aredifficulttogetrightonceformedB．arecausedbythehighcolorsmoreoftenC．provethathowimportantthecolortemperatureisinimagingD．arecausedbythehighcolortemperatureofthelightsource28．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LightandimagingB．LightandcolorC．LightandtemperatureD．Lightandradiation（2021·北京·中国人民大学附属中学朝阳学校高二期中）Imaginethatyourfriendiscuttingthecaketosharewithalltheguestsatthebirthdayparty.Thefirstthreeguestsarehandedlargepiecesofcake,whileyouarehandedateeny-tinyone.Howwouldyoufeel?Isthisfair?Mostofushaveaclearsenseofwhatisfairandwhatisnot,butwheredoesthiscomefrom?Scientiststrytostudyfairnessinprimatespecies(灵长类物种)tounderstandhowfairnesscameabout.Fairnessofteninvolvesequaloutcomes(平等的结果)Domonkeysbehaveinwaysthatleadtoequaloutcomes?Tofindout,scientistsgivemonkeyschoicesabouthowtosharefood.Scientistsaskamonkeytochoosebetweentwooptions—toprovideapieceoffoodjustforthemselves,ortoprovidefoodforanothermonkeynearby,aswellasforthemselves(Figure1).Ifmonkeysaretryingtoachieveequaloutcomes,theywouldgivefoodtoboththemselvesandanother.Dothey?Sometimes.Theleftmonkeyhasjustchosentheboardtogivefoodtohimselfandtheneighboringmonkey.Theleftmonkeyhasjustchosentheboardthatprovidesfoodforhimselfonly.（Figure1）Whethermonkeysfavorequaloutcomesseemstod