财经英语复习题

(1)国内生产总值(fullname)(2)固定资产(6)marketeconomy(7)securitymarket(8)capitalresources(9)macroeconomics(10)currentassets(3)通胀率(4)机会成本(5)失业率(11)由于资源的有限性和需求的无限性，人类常常不得不做出一些选择。这是经济学研究的中心问题。(12)在市场经济下，价格的波动在调节个人需求方面起着核心的作用。(13)GDPisusedtomeasureeconomicactivityandisbothaprocyclicalandcoincidenteconomicindicator.(14)Todaymarketeconomicsystemisthemostdominantsystemintheworld,whichbaseduponprivatepropertyandthefreemarket.(1)Inventoriesisanimportantprocyclicalandcoincidenteconomicindicator.(2)Eventheamountofcapitalresources,suchascorporatestocksandbondsthatcanberaisedduringspecificperiod,islimited.(3)Microeconomicsdealsprimarilywithaggregates(totalmountofgoodsandservicesproducedbysociety)andabsolutelevelsofprices.(4)Opportunitycostisthenext-best”choicetothechoiceyouhavemade.(5)Thereasonwhythereresomepeopledrivecarsbutsomepeopleridebikesisbecausethedifferentresourceallocationofthesociety.(6)GDPisthetotalmarketvalueofallthefinalgoods&servicesproducedbypeopleofacountryduringagivenperiod(usuallyoneyear).((7)Whentheinterestrateishigh,theinvestorswouldbelikelytoinvest.((8)Macroeconomicsisthestudyoftheeconomyasawhole.((9)Fixedcapitalisthecapitalresourcewithalonglifeandcanbeusedrepeatedlyintheproductionprocess,likemachinesandfactorybuildings.())))(10)Unemploymentrateisbothacountercyclicalandleadingeconomicindicator.()1．GDPreferstotheGrossDomesticProductwhichisusedtomeasureeconomicactivityandthusisbotha__________and____________economicindicator.A.procyclicalB.countercyclicalC.leading2.Inventorytendstobea________and________economicindicator.A.procyclicalB.countercyclicalC.leadingD.laggedE.coincident3._____iswhereaneconomythathadpreviouslybeengrowingslowsdown.A.depressionB.increaseC.recessionD.inflationD.laggedE.coincident4.Whenthequantitysuppliedrisesasthepricerisesandfallsasthepricefalls,wesaythatthequantitysuppliedis________tothepriceofthegoods.A.negativerelatedB.positiverelatedC.negativelyrelatedD.positivelyrelated5.___isthestudyofhowlimitedresourcesareusedtosatisfypeoplesunlimitedmaterialwantsandneeds.1A.economicsB.economictheoryC.economicpolicyD.economy6.Inmostofthefreemarkets,surplusandshortagesare_______phenomenonsincetheirequilibriumlevels.Priceseventuallymovetowardsemploymentforautomakers,butA.contemporaryB.constantC.permanentD.temporary7.ThepolicytoslowsalesofforeigncarscouldimproveU.S.carsalesandforeignnationscould________bytaxingproductstheU.S.exports,thusdecreasingemploymentinadifferentindustry.A.increase8.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwashardtofindajobbecausetheeconomyingeneralhad_________.A.boostedB.increasedC.constructedD.weakened9.Withthehelpofthelocalgovernment,thesmallcompanyfinally__________theeconomiccrisiswhichhadbeenB.decreaseC.retaliateD.underlinewidespreadinthatcountryforsometime.A.suspendedB.survivedC.suspectedD.sustained10.Fishinginthisriverisforbidden-----______$10.A.penaltyB.punishmentC.priceD.sentence11.Iftheeconomyisdoingwell,GDPisusually____.A.increase12.ProductionandBusinessActivitymustcoverhowmuchbusinessare____.A.producingB.beingproducedC.producedD.produceB.increasingC.decreaseD.decreasing13.Pricesincludeboththe____and____forrawmaterials.A.thepricesbusinesspayandthepricesproducerpayB.producerspricesandconsumerpricesC.thepricesconsumerpayandthepricesbusinesspayD.thepricesconsumerpayandthepricesproducerpay14.FederalFinancearemeasuresofgovernmentspendingandgovernment____anddebts.A.deficitsB.deficit15.Economicsisthestudyof_____A.economiesB.economyC.creditD.creditsC.economicD.economism16.Nationalresourcesareprovidedbynaturein_____amounts.A.limitB.unlimitedC.limitingD.limited17.Capitalresourcesinclude____A.paper,timberandwaterC.money,fuelandpaperB.crudeoil,mineralandwaterD.Naturalgas,fuelandrawmaterial18.____aregoodsandservicespeoplemusthavesimplytoexist.A.NeedB.NeedsC.WantsD.Want19.TheMarketis____upontoseewhatpeoplewanttoget,andwanttodo,isconsistent____whatsavailable.A.rely,withB.relied,forC.relied,withD.relied,for20.____isfrequentlycalled“Pricestheory.A.MicroeconomicB.MacroeconomicsC.Macroeconomic21.Anationsresourcesconsist_____threebroadareas.A.inB.ofC.forD.withD.Microeconomics222.____isthenext-bestchoicetothechoiceyouhavemade.A.incentivesB.opportunitycostC.voluntaryexchangeD.competition23.Incentivesarecreatedtoguidepeople____apredictablebehavior.A.towardB.forC.toD.with4.ReadingComprehension(A)Publicgoodsarethosecommoditieswhoseenjoymentnobodycanbeeffectivelyexcluded.Everybodyisfreetoenjoythebenefitsofthesecommodities,andonepersonsutilizationdoesnotreducethepossibilitiesofanybodyelsesenjoyingthesamegood.Examplesofpublicgoodsarenotasrareasonemightexpect.Afloodcontroldamisapublicgood.Oncethedamisbuilt,allpersonslivingintheareawillbenefit—irrespectiveoftheirowncontributiontotheconstructioncostofthedam.Thesameholdstrueforhighwaysignsoraidstonavigation.Oncealighthouseisbuilt,noshipofanynationalitycanbeeffectivelyexcludedfromtheutilizationofthelighthousefornavigationpurposes.Nationaldefenseisanotherexample.Evenapersonwhovotedagainstmilitaryexpendituresordidnotpayanytaxeswillbenefitfromtheprotectionafforded.Itisnoeasytasktodeterminethesocialcostsandsocialbenefitassociatedwithapublicgood.Thereisnopracticablewayofchargingdriversforlookingathighwaysigns,sailorsforwatchingalighthouseandcitizensforthesecurityprovidedtothemthroughnationaldefense.Becausethemarketdoesnotprovidethenecessarysignals,economicanalysistobesubstitutedfortheimpersonaljudgmentofthemarketplace.1,Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.MechanismsforsafernavigationC.AspecificgroupofcommoditiesB.TheeconomicstructureofthemarketplaceD.Theadvantageofloweringtaxes2.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTbeanexampleofapublicgoodasdescribedinthepassage?A.AtaxicabB.AbridgeC.AfivetruckD.Astoplight3.InParagraph2,thewordholds”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?A.hasB.isC.graphsD.carries4.Accordingtothepassage,findingoutthesocialcostofapublicgoodisa____.A.difficultprocedureB.dailyadministrativedutyC.matterofpersonaljudgmentD.citizensresponsibility5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphs?A.B.C.D.SuggestionsfortheapplicationofaneconomicconceptareofferedSeveralgeneralizationsarepresentedfromwhichvariousconclusionsaredrawnPersuasivelanguageisusedtoargueagainstapopularideaAgeneralconceptisdefinedandthenexamplesaregiven(B)AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.Onemandrawsoutthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreedistinctoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Itidsevenatradebyitselftoputthemintothepaper.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteendistinctoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.Tenman,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4800pinsapiece.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabortheycertainlycouldnotreacheachofthemhavemade3twentypinsadayandperhapsnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborprovidedthatitisnottakentoofarisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave..1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto______.A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflaborB.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEnglishC.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflaborD.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor2.WhichofthefollowingwasbelievedbyAdamSmithastheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor?A.Theworkersqualitieswereimproved.B.Theoutputperworkerwasincreased.C.Thenumberofpeopleemployedinfactorieswasincreased.D.Thequalityofpinsproducedwasimproved.3.WhydidAdamSmithmentionthenumber4800?A.Toshowtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor.B.Toshowtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem.C.Toemphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction.4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmithsmistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor______.A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingworkB.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproductionC.inevitableledtoeconomicdevelopmentD.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods5.Line4,Para4,thephrasetook…forgranted”couldbestbereplacedby______.A.took…intoaccountC.regard…astrueB.consider…seriouslyD.accepted…asinteresting(C)Onephaseofbusinesscycleistheexpansionphase.Thisphaseisatwo-foldone,includingrecoveryandprosperity.Duringtherecoveryperiodthereisever-growingexpansionofexistingfacilities,andnewfacilitiesforproductionarecreated.Morebusinessesarecreatedandolderonesexpanded.Improvementsofvariouskindsaremade.Thereisaneverincreasingoptimismaboutthefutureofeconomicgrowth.Muchcapitalisinvestedinmachineryorheavy”industry.Morelaborisemployed.Morerawmaterialsarerequired.Asonepartoftheeconomygrows,otherpartsareaffected.Forexample,agreatexpansioninautomobilesresultsinanexpansionofthesteel,glass,andrubberindustries.Roadsarerequires,thusthecementandmachineryindustriesarestimulated.Demandforlaborandmaterialsresultingreaterprosperityforworkersandsuppliersofrawmaterials,includingfarmers.Thisincreasespurchasingpowerandthevolumeofgoodsboughtandsold.Thusprosperityisdiffusedamongthevarioussegmentsofthepopulation.Thisprosperityperiodmaycontinuetorisewithoutanapparentend.However,atimecomeswhenthisphasereachesapeakandstopsspiralingupwards.Thisistheendoftheexpansionphase.1.Wemayassumethatinthenextparagraphthewriterwilldiscuss______.A.cyclicalindustriesB.thestatusofthefarmerC.thehighercostoflivingD.therecessionperiod42.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis______.A.thebusinesscycleB.thephaseofrecessionC.anexpandingsociety3.Prosperityinoneindustry______.D.thephaseofexpansionA.B.C.D.willinfluencemanyotherindustrieswillspiralupwardswillaffectthesteelindustrywillhelpallsegmentsofsocietyexceptthefarmers4.Whichofthefollowingindustrieswillprobablybeagoodindicatorofaperiodofexpansion?A.ToysB.MachinetoolsC.FoodD.Farming5.Duringtheperiodofexpansion,peopleregardthefuture_____.A.cautiouslyC.opportunityB.inaconfidentmannerD.indifferently5.ClozeInexportbusiness,socalledShipmentatfirstSettlementlater”methodismainlyused,i.e.,beforereceiptofmoney,theseller__1__theshippingdocumentsorgoods.Thenthebuyer__2__paymentonhisown__3__.__4__themoneycanbereceivedsmoothly,inthefinalanalysis,itreliesonthebuyers__5__only.Ifthebuyerrefusesordelays__6__hisobligationofpayment,__7__willoccurthatthesellersustainsgreatloss__8__receivenothingorreceivingmoneylate.Thismethodis__9_muchbenefittothe_10__.Hecangettheshippingdocuments__11__representthetitle__12__thegoodsorthegoodsthemselvesatfirst.Hemakespaymentsafterwards.Itis_13___totheturnoveroffunds.__14__hecansavemoneywhichhastobe__15__byothertermsofpayment,__16__letterofcredit.Thebuyeriswillingtodobusinessbythismethod.__17__,ifthefinancialstandingofthebuyeris__18__andhehasspecialbusinessrelationswiththeseller,__19__canadoptit.Theexport__20__canbeexpandedbythis1.A.handin2.A.exercises3.A.money4.