三维总复习英语文件语法贯通

[编写说明]语法知识零碎、规则多、变化繁，怎样复习才高效？在同步学语法的语法奠基课一[例1](2017·浙江11月高考语法填空)．..andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement, meansyou'lljustkeepgettingbetterandbetter.[分析]which空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当主语，且指代前面整个主句的内容，故应填关系代词which。[练1](2018·浙江6月高考语法填空)Manywesterners cometocookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.解析：who/that分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“Manywesterners”，且在从句中作主语，所以应用who或that引导该定语从句。 HerfatherworksinNanjing.Theymusthavefinishedtheir[例2] (2017·卷Ⅱ语法填空)Later,engineers (manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.[分析 空格处在句中充当主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语later和定语句的谓语动词became可知此处应用动词的一般过去时，且engineersmanage之间为主动关系，故填managed。 Caffeine (be)inyourfirst 词，再结合语境可知时态应为一般过去时，所以应填was。 Mr.Smithgavehimalotofvaluableadviceonhowtoimprovehiswriting.(him为间接宾语；advice为直接宾语)Doctorsoftenadviseustopaymoreattentiontoourdietsandmentalhealthandtotakeregularexaminations.(us为宾语；“topaymoreattention...regularexaminations”为宾语补[例3](2017·卷Ⅲ语法填空)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants (prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.[分析 to [练3] (2018·浙江11月高考语法填空)Onecupofcoffeeinthelateafternoonoreveningwillcause (they)tostayawakealmostallnight.解析 分析句子结构可知，空格处在从句中作cause的宾语，故用其宾格形表语一般位于系动词(如 e,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后，用以说明主[例4] (2017·卷Ⅰ语法填空)However,be 句意：不要走。系动词be后应用形容词careful作表语。[练4] (2018·浙江6月高考语法填空)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe (afford)butngthismostdaysaddsup.解析 [例5](2017·浙江6月高考语法填空)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda (shine)object.[分析]shiny/shining分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作定语修饰名词object，故[练5](2016·高考语法填空)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething 解析：to 些表示频度的副词(often,almost等)be动词、助动词、情态动词之后、[例6](2017·浙江6月高考语法填空)Youneedto (real)readatleastonegoodbookaweek,preferablyaclassic.[分析]reallyreadreally[练6](2018·浙江11月高考语法填空) orange,apple,andotherflavoreddrinks.解析 此处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词，故应用recent的副词形 成不了“主人[例 (2017·卷Ⅱ改编)Whensummercomes,theywillinvitetheir (pick)thefresh[分析]topickinvite,“theirstudents”是宾语，“pickthefreshvegetables”invite的固定用法“invitesb.todosth.”可知，此处应填topick。[练 (2015·浙江高考改编)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohear (perform)liveisquite解析：beingperformed句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。空格处为hear的宾语补足语，宾语it与perform之间为关系，且动作正在进行，故填beingperformed。式)就是同位语。英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的，所以说它“爱玩”。如果要对前面的名词的具体内容作进一步的说明这时候就需要同位语可谓“显露” (2017·卷Ⅱ改编)Mr.andMrs.Zhang workinour[分析]both空处在句中充当主语Mr.andMrsZhang故同位语应用both。 (2019·山东济宁一模)Mr.Johnsoncaresforus (student)very解析 名词student在句中作us的同位语成分，故根据us的意义可知[专题过关训练1．(2017·浙江11月高考语法填空)Anothernicethingisthatyoulearnbothnewwordsand (they)useunconsciously...[答案 这里的use为名词，应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰，作定语。2．(2016·卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrow [分析 3．(2016·卷Ⅰ)My lsmethatthekeytohissuccessis [答案 4．(2016·卷Ⅱ)Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeand (take)atrip. [分析]between_..._and是固定结构，andand后需用动staying并列。5．(2015·浙江高考改编)Thepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademe (feel)likeIwasdreaming. [分析 make后常用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语Ihadmywalletwithmewhen_I_boarded_FL753fromBeijingtoLondononJune23.2．(2018·11月高考概要写作)上网浏览学院的招生展会也会帮助你作出正确的决Visiting_the_online_college_fairscanalsohelpyoumake_the_right_decision.3．(2017·6月高考写作)所有这些活动都会帮助你放松自己。All_these_activities_will_helpyourelaxyourself.Iwill_be_honoredtohaveyoutherewithus,Chancesarethat_all_the_family_members_will_be_there,_includingmygrandparents,parents,unclesandauntswiththeirkids.Thenmygrandparentswilllussomefolktales,dating_back_to_ancient_.Hearing_that_you_won't_go_back_this_Spring_Festival,_I'mmorethanhonoredtoinviteyoutospenditwithmyfamily.First,we'llhavesome__cuisine,_likedumplingsand语法奠基课二个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如：Iwantaticket.)或主系表结构(如：Themanisa[1]WhatWinterknowsofthe19-year-oldwhosavedhislifeisonlythathediedinacaraccidentandthathisfamilywaswillingtohonorhiswishesanddonatehisorgansfortransntation(移植)．[分析]此句的主语为“WhatWinterknowsofthe19-year-oldwhosavedhislife”，是一个主语从句，其中主语从句里面又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句；is为主干句的系动词，后面的that引导两个并列的表语从句。[名师指津][2]Pasteurdiscoveredthatheatingthewinegentlyforafewminutesafterithadfermented发酵wouldkillofftheyeast酵母菌thatwasleftinthewinewiththeresultthatthewinewouldremainfreshformuchlonger.[分析]此句的主语为Pasteur，谓语是discoveredthat在宾语从句中after引导状语从句，第二个that引导定语从句。第三个that引导同位语从[名师指津 [3]Theideaofreturningtothebasicsintheclassroom—anotion(概念，观点)which,ally(顺便说一下),hasbeenquietlysupportedforyearsbymanyrespectedteachers—isfinallygainingsomecurrency(流行)withschooladministrators(管理者)．[分析 [名师指津]分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻[4]Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.[分析 [名师指津 [例5]Theprofessormarchedintothelecturehall,ceduponhisdeskalargejar(罐子)filledwithdriedbeans(豆),andinvitedthestudentstoguesshowmanybeansthejar[分析]此句正常语序为：...cedalargejarfilledwithdriedbeansuponhisdesk...[名师指津]还原为正常语序是理解语境的关键所在。较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起的足够重视①However,manyscientistswhospecializeinageingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years. 此句的主语为“manyscientists”，主语后跟一个由who引导的定语从句。主句有两个谓语，即aredoubtful和say,say后面又接了一个宾语从句。②Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.[分析 companies”③Atthepressofabutton,a puterlocksallotherfloorschute(道)doorsandsetstherecyclingcontainerturninguntiltherightboxcomesunderthechute.[分析 puter”，也有两个谓语，即locks和sets①Thehotsunhadcausedthedough面团)todoubleinsizeandfermentingyeastmadethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughitwasbreathing.②MissGermaine'smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingandMr.Cordell'sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.[分析 第①句中的and和第②句中的and都是并列连词，各自连接两个并列单句Whereasawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttolhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn'tunusualtohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.[分析]Whereas引导了一个从句，即“awoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbefirsttolhertoleaveafailingmarriage”，而“itwasn'tunusualtohearamansay”为主it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。“hedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa”为省略从属thatnotuntil引导的时间状语从句，时间状语从句所在的主、从句中又各含有一个宾语从句：“hisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustrouble”(省略连接词that)；与“ifhecouldsleeponthesofa”(从属连词if)。

Ifyouaskpeopletoname youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”“SamuelJohnson”，and“Webster”，butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn'tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.“noneofthesemen...theConqueror”if引导的条件状语从句，从句中又含有who引导的定语从句；第二分句中含who引导的定语从句。①Whentwocarstravellingat30mhhiteachother，②anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshield挡风玻璃)③withaequaltodivingheadfirst头向前地intothegroundfromaheightof10meters.[分析 [专题过关训练(2018·浙江11月高考阅读理解A)Themost esightonacold,wetwinternightinLondonisthefamiliarshapeofaLondontaxicabapproachingwithitsyellow“forhire”signshiningbrightly.[分析]onacoldwetwinternight作时间状语；inLondon作地点状语；ofaLondontaxishiningbrightlyshape的定语；approachingwithitsyellowforhire”signshiningbrightlytaxicab。[翻译]_在伦敦寒冷的雨夜，最令人欣喜的景象莫过于出租车那熟悉的车影，它向你2．(2018·11B)Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.[分析]outofconcern作原因状语，thatruralschoolingwasnotenough和thatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisordersconcern的同位语。[翻译]然而，在19世纪40年代，像霍·曼恩这样的教育家提议将两种历法3．(2017·卷Ⅱ阅读理解D)Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstnt,buttheneighborsrelativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhatto]theyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo”[翻译]通常对第一株植物的更严重，但是相对来说，邻居们会更安全，因为它们4．(2017·卷Ⅱ阅读七选五)Ifsomeoneknocksandit'snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthe knowyou'rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,you'renottobedisturbed.[分析]“Ifsomeoneknocksandit'snotanimportantmatter”if句。so后面表示结果，在此部分中“thatwhenthedoorisclosedyou'renottobe[翻译]如果有人敲门且不是什么重要的事情，就给自己找个借口，并让那个人知道你5．(2017·浙江6月高考阅读理解C)TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.[分析]butbutTheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyears；后一部分主要成分she'shadtoproveherlanguageskillswhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad，修饰先行词[翻译]这个摩尔多瓦妇女已经在意大利7年了，工作是照顾意大利的小孩和老力，这个测试要求她给一个虚构的朋友写一张明信片，同时回复一则虚构的招聘。专题 名词与冠规则名词的6种复数变化形在词尾直接加--sh在词尾加-以辅音字母＋-yyi，再加-以元音字母＋-y在词尾直接＋-以-o一般在词尾加-以-ffeffe-少数直接加-①下列以-ffv后再加-esf后加-②巧记变-f或-fev＋-es 3deer,sheep,means,series,works,,Swiss,aircraft,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geeseman→men, [名师指津]①fishfishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同；②people指“人们”“民族”peoples。2 women[命题点感悟①(2018·浙江11月高考)Onestudyshowedthat (woman)whodrankalotofcoffee,likeeightormorecupsperday,whiletheywerepregnantweremorelikelytohavechildrenwithbirthdefects.解析 根据该句后半部分的they可知空格处应该用复数形式故填women 故填dishes。③(2018·卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall 用复数形式，故填causes。④(2017·浙江11月高考)Youwouldn'tthinkthatafew (month)ofexerciseinyourteenswouldbeenough...解析 ⑤(2017·浙江6月高考)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall (carrot)andwasabouttothrowthem解析 ⑥(2017·卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside (effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.解析：effects此处根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子andheartdisease”effect⑦(2017·卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoid (crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.解析crowds crowd⑧(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthe up！”“Slowdown！”“Turnleft！”解析 ⑨(2016·卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew (day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum—shenevers.解析 everyfewdays表示“每隔几天”，此处应该使用名词的复数形式days⑩(2016·卷Ⅱ)Recent (study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.解析：studiesRecent是形容词，修饰名词，“Recent showaaninformation,bread,advice,progress,orange(橙汁),equipment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作),traffic,furniture,wealth,word(消息),room(空间),man(人类)等。[名师指津 有的人或事令人感到的人或事令人感到的人或事I'mdisappointedthattheexperimentturnedouttobeacompletefailure①Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetough②—Aseriousfirebrokeoutinthe—Yes,newscameasashockto3不以-s加-Mary'se-children's以-s加-thegirls'theteachers'reading以-s加-'s-ourboss'Engels's2ofThecapitalofPeruisLima,whichisinthewestonthecoast.秘鲁的首都是利马，位于Beijing'sparks的公thefactory'soutputHeisafriendofmyfather's. Aisaverysmalllivingthingthatcauses是一种疾病的微生物成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于“acertain”。Thestoryhappenedinasmalltownin故事发生在的一个小镇上IwatchTVforsixorsevenhoursaPricesstartat￡13.95ayardforprintedcotton.13.95表示“同一，相同”，相当于“thesame”Theyhappentobeofanageandwearclothesofaasasaresultasawhole大体上ataloss不知所措inaword总之inaway在某种程度上keepaneyeon照看，留意putanendto结束onceuponatime从前beonadiet节食have/catchacold感冒have/takearestasaruleasamatteroffactinahurryinasense在某种意义上inashortwhile不久payavisitto拜访onceinawhileallofasuddenhaveagiftformakealivinggivesbalift[命题点感悟①(2017·浙江11月高考)Likemanythingsinlife,it's ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheprocessisthatthere'senoughroomforimprovement.解析 ②(2017·浙江6月高考)ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas 解析 ③(2017·卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析 asaresult为固定搭配，意为“结果”④(2017·卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas modelinNew解析 此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不⑤(2017·卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemabout andahalftogotoworkeveryday.解析 ⑥(2016·卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbystepoutsidefor exercising,orngsomethingyouenjoy.解析 forawhile为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”⑦(2015·浙江高考)Ontherightsideoftheclasswastheroad.Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversin hurryinthemorning.解析 thethetheDoyouknowthemanstandingatthegateoftheTheearthgoesaroundthesun.地球围绕转用于序数词、形容词的前Isthisthefirsttimeyouhavevisitedisoneoftherichestcountriesinnaturalresourcesintheworld.在自然资源方面，thewounded伤员therichinthe1990's2090年代Ihiredthecarbythehour.Thecaughtthethiefbythe与形容词或副词的连用，一般用于以下两种情况Themorewedoforthepeople,thehappierwe'll我们为人民做得越多就越②用在“the＋＋ofthetwo”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。Sheisthetallerofthetwogirls.她是两个子中个子较高的那一个themakemakethemost/bestofbythewayinthewayatthesametime同时 lthetruth说实话onthespot在现场theotherdayatthemomentinthemiddleofintheendinthedistanceonthewholeontheotherhandforthetimebeingnotintheleasttakeceoftothepointallthebest[命题点感悟①(2018·卷Ⅱ)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.解析 此处特指过去的25年，故用the②(2018·卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat topofherlungs.解析 atthetopofone'slungs为固定搭配，意为“尽量大声地，声嘶力竭地”③(2017·卷Ⅰ)Istillrememberhowhard firstday解析 表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰④(2017·卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover 解析 top是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶⑤(2016·浙江高考)Everytimehearrivedhomeat endoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.解析 attheendof“在……结束时”，为固定搭配⑥(2016·卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed, otheriswithmum—shenevers.解析 此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用⑦(2016·卷Ⅱ)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleabout 解析 ⑧(2015·卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePueblonsoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredby mostmodernofarchitectsand解析 HeislivinginCanadanow.他现在住在Weusuallyhavebreakfastat7o'clock.7I'minterestedinEnglish.我对英语很感。Heisfondofyingchess.他喜欢下棋Dr.PeterSpence,headmasteroftheschool,toldus,“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”AreyougoingtherebyneorbyHisbrotherhasturnedwriter.Heroasheis,hehas 尽管他是个，但是他也有一些缺点Theteachercamein,bookinhand.atatpresentinpeaceonpurpose故意aheadoftime提前bylaw根据法律underrepairdayandnightoutofcontrolindangertakepartinbychance/accident碰巧onsecondthoughts再inadvance提前bymistakeloseheartfrommorningtillnightoutofworkatrisk[专题过关训练Anditevaluateshowwellyoucombineyourlistening,reading,speakingandwritingskills(skill)toperformacademictasks.Manyofthesehadbenefitedfromthe ernment'sspecialnewpoliciesencouragingpeopletostarttheirownbusinesses(business)．Myimmediateexcitementgaveintoexcuses(excuse)astheweeksTheBritishhavemanytraditions_(traditionbutthereisnothingmorequintessential(典型的)thantakingafternoontea.Somepeoplearesorude.Whosendsane-mailoratextmessagethatjustsays“ThankTheteacherdecidedtoteachusaveryimportantWealsovisitedtheThreeGorgesDam,asymbol prideandNoonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.ally,Ithinkteachersandparentsshouldtakemeasures(measure)tolimittheirchildren'sInternettime.Thisisn'tthefirsttimetechnologyhaschangedourmanners(manner)．11．Antarctica,thecoldestceonEarth,isthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld.Whenmyfatherboughtmeacomputerasabirthdaypresentlastyear,IfeltveryThecampisatthebottomofamountainclosetoabeautifulItisagreathonourformetotakepartinthevolunteerwork,andIlearnthesignificanceofhelothers.被邀请来参加这次聚会我深感荣幸。(consider,honor)2．如果您能帮我，我将感激不尽。(appreciate,hand)givesb.someadviceon)5．张华，我们班的班长，昨天被选为我们学校的学生会。(monitor,elect,Students'(2019·浙江“七彩阳光”五校联考)Theteacultureof is1(amaze)andhasalonghistory.Teadrinkingwaswidespreadin foraboutonethousandyearsbefore2(appear)inEurope.Teadrinkingin enjoyswidepopularity.Manypeoplenowadaysgotoexpensivelydecoratedteahouses3(talk)business.However,teadrinkingisverycomplex.Manyfactorscontributeto4enjoyableexperience.Itstartswiththesurroundings.Inthepast,teadrinkingtookceinasetting5“springwaterrunsoilmarble”．Atpresent,inordertocreatesuchatmosphere,teahouses6(decorate)withtraditionalpaintingsandfurniture.Besides,thereisalwaysa7(perform)ofatraditionalmusicalinstrument,suchastheguzheng,pipaanderhu.Blacktea,together8greentea,oolongteaandpu'ertea9(rank)thetopfourfavourites.Thefirstthreetypesofteaareprocessedusingsimilarmethodsbutpu'erteausesa10 talking/to 的读音是以元音音素开头的单词，故用an 主语teahouses与decorate之间为关系根据时间状语“At 专题二代语I语—Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningthe—Whyme？Johnissitting ng②含的句子中than,as后用主格、宾格都可以HeistallerthanmeI)．IlikeJackasmuchasher.＝IlikebothJackandIlikeJackasmuchasshe.＝IlikeJackandshelikeshim,在并列主语中，“I”(人称)meYou,sheandIwillbeinchargeofthe我、你和她三人将负责这个ofIamanadmirerofdevotedevoteoneselftodressoneselfenjoyoneselfhelponeselftohideoneselfmakeoneselfathomesaytooneselfseatoneselfteachoneselfcometooneselfbehaveoneselfapplyoneselftobyoneselfof[命题点感悟①(2018·卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladto (they)alive. 空格前面是动词find，空格处作宾语应用宾格，故填them，指代上文的②(2017·浙江6月高考)“ShethoughtIhadhurt (I)，”says ③(2017·卷Ⅲ)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschool...Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesof highschooldays.解析 填形容词性物主代词my④(2016·卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby (it)mother.解析：its句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。⑤(2016·卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroaden (we)viewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.解析 根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“能够开阔我们的视野”⑥(2016·卷Ⅲ)Atfirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisions 解析 根据语境可知，此处指“做决定”，故应用myself (he)解析 (he)it解析：hisparentsTony相一致的物主代词his。itItoftenrainshereinsummer.(表示天气Itistwentyfromheretothevillage.(表示距离)从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。—What'sinthepicture—Itisacat.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的时，可用it来表示Isitaboyoragirl？是男孩还是it②Itisnogood/nouse/useless/ofno ng③It's(well) ng④It＋be＋名词短语(apity/afact/nowonder/...)/adj.＋that⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that⑦It＋takes＋(sb.)sometime/somemoneytodoit①主语＋①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...itadj./n.for/ofsb.todo/从句②主语＋ ＋ useless/worth/worthwhile/nouse/nogood/awasteoftimemoney/energy③主语＋ng＋ Itistheteachers'dutytoteachtheIhavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmoke我已经讲得很清楚，任何人在这儿吸烟likeenjoy,hate,love,appreciatedependon/upon,seetowhen,if,that等引导的从句。I'dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.①(2018·浙江6月高考)Manywesternerswhocometo cookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap canbetoeatout.解析 此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语toeatout为真正的主语②(2018·卷Ⅰ)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive atry.解析 根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代③(2017·卷Ⅱ)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing everyday.解析 此处用it指代上文的“therailway”④(2015·浙江高考)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytrees 解析 abeautifulpark为单数，故应用it指代都I'veboughttwobooks;youcanhaveI'msorryIcan'tlendyouanymoney)．Noneofthismoneyis Anychildcandothat.oneanothertheothersomeotherstheothersthetheIdon'tlikethishat.PleaseshowmeanotherIhavetwobooks:oneisEnglish,andtheotherisFrench.我有两本书，一本是英语的，Some ;othersare一些人，另外一些是人Therearemanybooksonthetable.SomeareEnglish,andtheothers nonenobody/noonenothinghowmany/nota/an/any人notanyone/物not—Howmuchmoneydoyouhave？你有Iwishedsomeonecouldhelpmebuttherewasnooneatthemoment.我希望当时有人能—Whoisintheroom—Whatare ngnow[名师指津 none后面可跟of短语，而something/anything/everything/nothingsomeone/anyone/everyone/nooneNoneofthemknewaboutthenbecauseitwaskepta他们中没有人知道那项计划，因为那还是个manymuchfewlittleafewalittlemany修饰或替代可数名词复数；muchfew修饰或替代可数名词复数；littleaafew修饰或替代可数名词复数；alittleHecanspeakalittleFrench,butheknowslittlenothingbutanythingnothingbutanythingbutsomethingoforsomethingallbuteveryotherdayeachotherone[命题点感悟①(2015·陕西高考)Mysoccercoachretiredlastweek.Iwantedtodo specialforhimathisretirementparty.解析 ②(2015·高考)We'vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginginkaraokebars.It'sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsme 此处指的是花费很多钱，代指不可数名词，故填much。Theyhadtochasetheoverprotectivemotherawayfirst,sothattheycouldgetcloseenoughtorescuethebaby.WhenteaandcoffeewerefirstintroducedtoEuropeinthe18thcentury,peoplehaddifferentideasabouttheir(they)use.Itisimportanttothinkaboutthepeopleofadestinationcountryandhowtourismaffectsthem.Yesterdayevening,justbeforedusk,Ispottedapigeonbadlytiedupwithasharpstring,hittingthewallandthetreebranches,to himself(he)fromthekitestring.Manysinglessaytheregulardatingscenehasjustledthemfromonebadexperienceto_anotherandarereadytotrysomethingelse.Nobodylikestotalkaboutdeath,buttherealityis—everyoneisgoingtodieatpoint,butnoneofusknowtheday,ortheAllofushavereadthrillingstories.Inmanyofthem(they)theherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Bothteamswereinhardtraining;neitherwaswillingtolosetheSomegreatpeoplecanseepossibilitieswhere_othersseeonlyWhenwelookatsomeone,maybeevenourselves(us),weseetheexternalMyparentstookmetoseeourdoctor,whotoldmeitwasagoodideatoeatonlyaItisaverypreciouspresentfrommy(I)Canadianteacher,whichItreasureveryMyfatheristhemanIrespectmost.Strictashemaybe,heneverfailstoshowhis(he)careandconsideration.About36%ofthemarefondofsurfingtheInternet,whichhelpsthem(they)knowaboutthelatestnewsandcurrentaffairsintheworld.Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost,whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom,butstillcouldn'tfindit.3．一些人支持这个观点，然而，其他人它。(infavorof,stronglyagainst)在我看来，我们学生应当遵守学校制度，做学校让我们做的事情。(inone'sopinion,obey,whatever)6．张老师是一位非常受人尊重的老师，一位我们都不会忘记的老师。(most,(2019·杭州模拟)Flyingcarsmaysoon ea1 hasasked2 expertfromNASA,theAmericanspaceagency,3 (help)thedevelopcarsthatcanUbernstouseflyingvehicles4 thefuturetoavoidtrafficinandaroundcities.Thewantstousesmall,totallyelectricaircraft,5 couldtakeoffandlandlikeahelicopterontopofparkinggarages.Ubersaiditsflyingvehicleswouldbemuch costlesstooperateandproducelesspollutionthan inSanFrancisco7(write)on“Iusedtothinkthattheflyingcarwasaridiculousidea.8IchangedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinheavy addedfromMumbai,：“I'mreadingaboutUber9(hire)aNASAengineertobuildflyingcars,whileI'mstuckintraffic.Thereishope.” Theexpertpredictstherewillbeseveral NASA的一名专家。expert为可数名词，且在此为单数，expert的读音以元音音素开头，此处为泛指，所以填an。to Uber公司要求来自NASAtohelp。asksb.todosth.“请求做某事” inthefuture意为“在将来” aircraftwhich，不能用that。 wrote一位在旧金山的人在 Butusedtodo意为“过去常常”，含有“现在不这样”hiringhire与其逻辑主语Uber之间是主动关系，且与句子谓语之间没有连词，故用现在分词hiring。 此处指“severalearlymodelsofcars”，故用反身代词，表示“专题 形容词与副HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter(is)．＝HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter(is)．Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisa表示双方不相等时，用“notso/as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”的结构；Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.[名师指津 Thebuildingisastallas100meters.＝Thebuildingis100meters100as..asalmost,exactlyhalfjustnearlyquiteLet'swalk.It'sjustasquickastakingthe与与1．与的构一般加-er或-talle结尾的，只加-r-nicenicernicest母再加-er或-estbighotthinbiggerhotterthinneryi再加-er或-esteasyearlyeasierearliermore[名师指津]有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有和。如right,wrong,excellent,extreme,perfect,possible,empty,greatly,very等。bad[名师指津 ①farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。②elderbrother哥哥。2．的用(1)的常见结ThiscomputerislessexpensivethanThebusierheis,thehappierhe③不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“＋and＋”结构，Ourschool ingmoreandmoreYouarenotallerthanI⑤“the＋＋ofthetwo＋名词”表示“两个中较……的那个”。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.(2)形式表示意义的表达方否定式谓语＋than＋alltheother＋复数名词＋than＋anyone/anythingelse＋than＋anyoftheother＋复数名词＋than＋therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词IhaveneverspentamoreworryingIcan'tagreemore.HeisbetteratEnglishthananythingEverymorninghearrivesearlierthananyotherstudentinthe＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthanalltheotherstudentsinthe＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoneelseinthe＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinthe＝Everymorninghearrivesearlierthantherestofstudentsinthe修饰的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthan3．的用Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.oneof＋形容词＋名词复Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinour＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinour序数词＋形容词＋名Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentinthe常用的的修饰语有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序数I'dliketobuythesecondmostexpensive[名师指津 byfar通常用来修饰，但也可修饰，修饰时，一般在后面，若面，应在两者之间加the。Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwo[命题点感悟①(2018·浙江6月高考)Therecouldbeaneven (high)costonyour 此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价根据even可判断，②(2018·卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears (long)thannon-runners.解析longer 根据空后的than和语境可知此处应该使用副词形式故填longer③(2018·卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe (loud)of解析 根据空前的the以及空后的ofall可知此处应用④(2017·浙江11月高考)Oneofthe (effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.解析：effective/most 空格处作ways的定语故用形容词形式，effective意⑤(2017·浙江6月高考)Sixteenyears (early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.解析 固定表达sixteenyearsearlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier当于⑥(2017·卷Ⅰ)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforsomethingmissing. (bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoes ⑦(2016·卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeabackandidentify(识别)those (great)andless解析 ⑧(2016·卷Ⅲ)Theywerealsothebestand (bad)yearsinmy解析 由并列连词and前面的“thebest”可知，此处应用形容词的形式倍数＋形容词/副词 ，倍数＋what从Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeas＝Ourclassroomisthreetimeslargerthan＝OurclassroomisthreetimesthesizeofThelengthofroadisfourtimeswhatitwasthreeyearsbeside在旁边(或附近besideslatelaterlatest最近的，ago以前(以现