英语新导学人教版必修四讲义unit2periodtwo

PeriodTwoWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePoints一、词汇过关基础词汇1.sunburntadj.晒黑的2．strugglevi.&n．斗争；拼搏；努力3．decaden．十年；十年期4．expandvt.&vi.使变大；伸展5．circulatevt.&vi.循环；流传6．ridvt.摆脱；除去7．thereforeadv.因此；所以；因而拓展词汇1.hungern．饥饿；欲望；vt.&vi.(使)饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的2．disturbingadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbedadj.被扰乱的；精神失常的→disturbvt.扰乱；打扰3．freedomn．自由；自主→freeadj.自由的；免费的→freelyadv.自由地；随意地4．equipvt.&vi.配备；装备→equipmentn．设备(不可数)5．exportvt.&vi.输出；出口→importvt.&vi.(反义词)输入；进口6．occupationn．工作；职业；占领→occupyvt.占领；占据7．personalityn．性格；个性；人格→personaladj.个人的；身体的；亲自的→personallyadv.亲自地；当面；个别地；就自己而言联想归纳1．词汇构成[规则]sun(n.太阳)＋burnt(adj.烧伤的)→sunburnt(adj.晒黑的)[联想](1)hand­made手工的(2)school­run校办的(3)state­owned国有的；国营的(4)heart­felt由衷的2.话题词汇——与描述人物相关(二)(1)couragen．勇气；胆量(2)intelligencen．智力；才智(3)devotev．献身；致力于；专心(4)respectv．&n．尊敬；尊重；敬意(5)confidentadj.自信的(6)elegantadj.优雅的(7)learnedadj.有学问的；博学的(8)wisdomn．智慧(9)outgoingadj.外向的；爱交际的(10)virtuen．品行；美德二、短语互译汉译英1．thanksto 幸亏；由于；因为2．rid...of 使……摆脱；除去3．besatisfiedwith 对……感到满意4．wouldrather 宁愿；宁可英译汉1．strugglefor 为……而斗争(努力)2．careabout 关心；在乎3．ratherthan 而不是4．withthehopeof 怀有……的希望5．carefor 喜欢；照顾6．makeadifference 有关系；有影响三、重点句式教材原句youevergrownanyplants？Ifso，whatdidyoudotogrowthem？Ifnot，whatkindofplantwouldyouliketotrygrowing？你种过什么植物吗？如果种过的话，你是怎样种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种什么植物？分析解读ifso为省略句式，so替代上文内容，其否定式为ifnot。仿写运用Iseverybodyfeelingcold？Ifso，let’skeepthewindowshut；ifnot，let’sopenit.所有人都觉得冷吗？如果是这样，就让窗子关着吧；如果不冷，就把窗子打开吧。教材原句1973，hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。分析解读名词被序数词修饰时，后面用不定式作定语。仿写运用Heisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool，andthelasttoleaveeveryday.他每天总是第一个到校最后一个离开。教材原句specialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduce20%moreofthecropinthesamefields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。分析解读it为形式宾语，其结构为“动词＋it＋宾补(adj./n.)＋todo”。仿写运用ThecomputermakesiteasierforustolearnEnglish.电脑让我们学习英语更加容易。教材原句hishybridrice，farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。分析解读其结构为“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”句式。仿写运用Iwantahousethatisthreetimesaslargeasyours.我想要一所是你的房子面积三倍大的房子。重点词汇1．Indeed，hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim，strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers，forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。strugglevi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力strugglefor为争取……而斗争；为……而努力strugglewith与……斗争；与……并肩作战struggleagainst与……斗争；为反对……而斗争struggletodosth.努力做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来(1)Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneontime.为使工作按时完成，我做了一番努力。(2)Thisisthecauseforwhichwehavebeenstruggling.这是我们一直为之奋斗的事业。(3)Astrongmanwillstrugglewith/againststormsoflife.一个坚强的人会与生活中的暴风雨作斗争。(4)Manystudentswillstruggletofind(find)asenseofbelonging.很多学生会拼命寻找一种归属感。(5)Hestruggledtohisfeetandmovedslowlyahead.他挣扎着站起来，慢慢地向前移动。2．Atthattime，hungerwasadisturbingprobleminmanypartsofthecountryside.当时，饥荒是许多农村地区面临的一个令人焦虑的问题。1disturbingadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的2disturbvt.打扰；使烦恼3disturbedadj.烦恼的；不安的(1)Itdisturbedhertorealizethatshewasalone.意识到自己孤单一人，她心里感到不安。(2)Wordthatthewarwouldlastlongwasdisturbing(disturb)．战争会持续很久的消息让人不安。(3)Iamdisturbed(disturb)bythenewsthatmysonhasfailedintheexam.我儿子考试没通过的消息让我很不安。[单句改错](4)Shefelteq\f(disturbing,disturbed)whenherrelativescametoliveinherhouse.3．YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求一种增收稻米的途径。expandv.使变大；伸展；扩大，扩展；增加expandinto扩展/发展成o...将……扩展/发展成……expandon/upon详述；详细阐明(1)Thehotelwantstoexpanditsbusinessbyaddingaswimmingpool.该酒店想添一个游泳池来扩展业务。(2)Thewriterisexpandinghisstoryintoanovel.这位作家正把他的故事扩展成一本小说。(3)Couldyouexpandon/uponthatpoint，please?请你把那一点详细说明一下好吗？[易混辨析]expand，extend，spread※expand扩大，指尺寸的增加，也可指范围和体积的扩大。※extend延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度和宽度的延伸。※spread伸开，传播，指向着四面八方扩大传播。[选词填空]expand，extend，spread(4)Let’sspreadthemapoutonthefloor.(5)TheRiverNileextendsasfarasLakeVictoria.(6)Thepopulationofthetownexpandedrapidlyinthe1960s.4．Thankstohisresearch，theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。(1)thanksto幸亏；由于，因为表示“由于，因为”的短语还有：becauseof，owingto，dueto，onaccountof。(2)ridsb./...使某人/某物摆脱……get/beridof摆脱；除去(1)Thankstoyourhelp，Iamsuccessful.多亏了你的帮助，我成功了。(2)Youshouldridyourselfofthesmokinghabit.你应该改掉吸烟的习惯。(3)Ican’tget/beridofthisheadache.我这头疼老是不好。5．YuanLongpingisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.袁隆平很满意他的生活。(1)besatisfiedwith＝becontentwith＝bepleasedwith对……感到满意besatisfiedtodo...对做……感到满意(2)satisfyvt.使满意(3)satisfactionn．满足；满意toone’ssatisfaction令某人满意的是with/insatisfaction满意地(1)Itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction.它能给传闲话者一种奇怪的满足感。(2)Hewassatisfiedtowin(win)therace.他对赢得比赛感到满意。(3)Tohersatisfaction，herstudentsdidverywellthistime.让她满意的是，这次她的学生做得很好。[高级表达](4)Astheteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatwehaddone，shebegantosmile.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)Satisfiedwithwhatwehaddone，theteacherbegantosmile.6．Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。wouldrather宁愿；宁可(1)wouldrather的否定形式为wouldrathernot。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(2woulddoAratherthandoB,

wouldratherdoAthandoB,

prefertodoAratherthandoB,

preferdoingAtodoingB))宁愿做A也不愿做B(3)wouldrather后接动词原形或that从句。接从句时要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。(1)HewouldratherstayathomewatchingTV.他宁愿待在家里看电视。(2)It’struethathe’drathernotgotherealone.确实如此，他一个人宁愿不去那儿。(3)Iwouldratheryouknew(know)now，thanafterwards.我宁愿你现在知道，而不是以后。(4)Iwouldratheryouhadgone(go)therelastnight.我宁愿你昨晚去了那里。[单句改错](5)TheoldmanwouldstayathomeratherthantogooutonSundays.7．Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.于是，他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。(1)equipvt.&vi.配备；装备equipsb./用……武装某人；用……装备某物equipsb./为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物(2)equipmentn．[U]装备；设备apieceofequipment一件设备(1)Youmusttrytoequipyourselfwithenoughknowledge.你必须尽可能用足够的知识武装自己。(2)Agoodeducationshouldequipyouforlife.良好的教育能使你受用终生。[单句改错](3)Thecompanyhasdecidedtobuysomemoderneq\f(equipments,equipment).经典句式1．YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。whatiscalled...所谓的……，被称为……的，为what引导的宾语从句，作grow的宾语，what在从句中作主语。what引导的名词性从句相当于名词的作用，可作主语、宾语或表语，且what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。(1)Theyarrivedinwhatwascalled“theNewContinent”．他们到达了一个叫“新大陆”的地方。(2)Whatweneedaresomeusefulbooks.我们需要的是一些有用的书籍。(3)Thequestioniswhathewantstodonext.问题是他下一步想做什么。[单句改错](4)Thebosswasnotsatisfiedwitheq\f(that,what)hesaidatthemeeting.2．In1973，hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。当中心词为序数词，最高级，thelast，theonly等或中心词被这类词修饰时一般多用不定式作定语。(1)TuYouyouisthefirstChinesewomantowintheNobelPrize.屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。(2)Heisamongthebeststudentstodo(do)theexperiment.他是做这个实验最好的学生之一。(3)Heisalwaysthelastonetocome(come)everyday.他每天总是最后一个来。3．Usinghishybridrice，farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。(1)本句中twiceaslargeas是表示倍数关系的一种方式，即“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”。(2)常用的倍数的表达法还有：倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than；倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/height/weight...)＋of。(1)Theplaneflewtentimesashighasthekite.那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。(2)Thenewly­builtreading­roomisthreetimesbiggerthantheoldone.新建的阅览室是旧阅览室的三倍大。(3)Beijingistentimesthesizeofmyhometown.北京是我家乡的十倍大。[一句多译](4)这条河是那条河的三倍长。①Thisriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.②Thisriveristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.③Thisriveristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theoldmanhadlivedinthatcountryfortwodecades(decade)beforehereturned.2．Therearestillsomepeoplewhodieofhunger(hungry)insomeplaces.3．Thatmanfoughtforfreedom(free)，whowasrespectedbythelocalpeople.4．Equippedwithmoderntools，theyoungpeoplesetoffinthemorning.5．WhatshouldIdotoridtheroomofsomanyflies?6．Someyoungpeopleareworkinghard，struggling(struggle)forahappierlife.7．Formostofus，itisreallyadisturbing(disturb)problem.8．Thankstotheirtimelyhelp，wereachedtheairportontime.9．Thepressureofworkisontheincreaseinalloccupations(occupy)．10．Satisfied(satisfy)withtheresult，thefansbegantoshout.Ⅱ.完成句子1．那个年轻人是那天第一个到达的客人。Theyoungmanwasthefirstguesttoarrivethatday.2．这艘船使得我们渡河成为可能。Theboatmadeitpossibleforustocrosstheriver.3．这把红色的尺子是那把黄色的四倍长。Theredrulerisfourtimesthelengthof/fourtimesaslongas/fourtimeslongerthantheyellowone.4．我们曾经生活在你们称之为古希腊的地方。WeusedtoliveinwhatyoucalledAncientGreece.5．玛丽宁愿乘火车旅行也不愿乘坐飞机。Marywouldrathertravelbytrainthanbyplane.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Whentherewasnotenoughfoodtoeat，manypeoplediedofhunger.2．Fiveyearslatertheprisonerwasgivenhisfreedom(自由)．3．Thedisturbing(令人不安的)problemhasbeenmakinghimhardtosleepeverynight.4．Shehashadmuchfoodhighinfibrerecently.Therefore(因此)，shebecomesslim.5．Everyyear，Indiaexportsalotofteaandcottontomanydifferentcountries.6．Weshouldequipourstudentswithwideknowledgesothattheycandomoreforourcountrywhentheygrowup.7．Ourforeigntradehasexpanded(扩大)duringrecentyears.8．Theaverageoutput(产量)ofthefactoryisreducedto30carsaday.9．Thechildrengotsunburntfromadayonthebeach.10．—Whatisyournationality?—nowIlivewithmyson’sfamilyintheUS.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Hemakesitaruletotake(take)partinsomephysicallaborthoughheisold.2．Areyouright？Ifso，Iwillagreewithyou.3．Agreatnumberofpeoplearegoinghungryandhundredsofchildrenhavediedofhunger.(hungry)4．Disturbing(disturb)newscamethatanunknowndiseasewasspreadinginthisarea.5．Thetreeisfourtimestaller(tall)thanthatone.6．Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry，butI’dratherhefocused(focus)moreonitsculture.7．Dina，havingstruggled(struggle)formonthstofindajobasawaitress，finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.8．Thewomanfilmstarhasexpandedhercareertootherfieldsofentertainment.9．Thankstoyourinspiration，Iamsuccessful.10．Havingridthecompanyoftheheavydebts，themanagersmiledwithsatisfaction(satisfy)．Ⅲ.选词填空expandinto，thanksto，rid...of...，besatisfiedwith，wouldrather，equip...with，strugglewith/against，careabout1．Allcarsmustbeequippedwithpartstoreduceemission.2．Hiscompanyhasexpandedintoabigoneaftertenyearsofhardwork.3．Thepoorgirlhasbeenstrugglingwith/againstcancerfortwoyears.4．Thebookishelpfulforthosewhocareabouttheirbodyshape.5．It’snoteasytoridoneselfofabadhabit.6．Iamnotsatisfiedwithyourwork；youmustimproveit.7．Nowadaysmanyteenagerswouldrathergetadvicefromstrangersonline.8．We’vecollected50,000forthepoor，thankstothegenerosityofthepublic.Ⅰ.阅读理解Plantsareveryimportantlivingcouldnotgooniftherewerenoisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromair，waterandandmancannotmakefoodfromair，waterandandmangettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandother，animalsandmanneedplantsinordertoiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyou，youwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplants：floweringplantsandnon­floweringplantscanmakeseedsareprotectedbythefruitshaveoneseed，somehavetwo，threeorfour，andsomehavemanyafewfruitshavenoseedsatexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthenon­floweringplantsdonotgrowfromgrowfromspores(孢子)．Sporesareverysporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatinthemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameasthesesporesareallonwetandshadyplaces，theyusuallygrowintonewplants.语篇解读本文主要介绍了植物对动物和人类的重要性，并且重点介绍了开花植物和不开花植物，以及它们各自的特点。1．Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat.A．plantsareimportanttolifeB．plantscannotgrowwithoutairC．therearemanyplantsintheworldD．wecan’tlivewithoutwater答案A解析段落大意题。根据第一段第三句“Lifecouldnotgooniftherewerenoplants.”和“Therefore，animalsandmanneedplantsinordertolive.”可知，第一段说的是植物对生命的重要性。故选A项。2．Plantscanmakefoodfrom.A．flower，waterandair B．water，sunlightandairC．air，waterandsoil D．air，sunandlight答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知B项正确。3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Ofalllivingthings，animalsaremostimportant.B．Sporesareseeds.C．Allfruitsoffloweringplantshaveseeds.D．Withoutplants，manwilldieout.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Animalsandmangettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandother，animalsandmanneedplantsinordertolive.”可知，人类的生存离不开植物，也就是说，没有植物人类就会灭绝。故选D项。4．Thispassagemaybetakenfrom.A．amedicinebook B．anovelC．asciencemagazine D．anexperimentreport答案C解析文章出处题。本文主要介绍了植物对动物和人类的重要性以及开花植物和不开花植物各自的特点，由此可知本文应选自科学杂志。故选C项。Ⅱ.完形填空FarmingandGardeningAgriculturehasalonghistoryinofthewisdom1byearlyChinesescientistsisstillusefulforfarmersandgardenersofChina’searly2scientistswasJiaSixie，wholivedinthesixthcenturyspenthistimedoing3intocollectedinformation，studiedit，didexperimentsandlearntfromthe4offarmers.Around540AD，hewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Thebookisaboutbothfarmingand5.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing6：growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees，keepinganimals，andfishinarealso7formakingSixie’sbookisa(n)8guidefor，asafarmeryoushoulddothingsattherighttimeofyousowseedsand9youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeoftheyear，yourworkwillbelessand10willbeifyou11natureanddothingsatthewrongtimeofyear，youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbeso12ofthesoilisalsoverythesoilonyourfarm13.Iftheconditionofyoursoilisnotgood，youshouldimprovesowingorplantingcrops，youmustcleanroughgroundand14sheeporcowswalkonthelandto15theweedsoreatbestharvestisreachedwhenfarmers16thecropsintheirexample，donotplantrice17inthesameifyouplantriceinafieldoneyearandwheatinthefieldthenextyear，youwill18goodscientistssaidthatwheatshouldbeplantedwith19betweentheplants，butJiadidexperimentsand20thatplantingwheatclosetogetherisbetter.语篇解读本文介绍了我国古代科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献，他的著作《齐民要术》对农业生产起到了重要的指导作用。1． B．recoveredC．reported D．repeated答案A解析句意为：古代中国科学家发现的智慧结晶对于现在的农民和园艺工人仍然有用。此处只有discovered才能与wisdom搭配。2． B．agriculturalC．cultural D．article答案B解析贾思勰是我国古代的农业科学家，故选agricultural。3． B．researchC．experiment D．movement答案B解析doresearchintoagriculture意为“做农业研究”。后文提到的“Hecollectedinformation，studiedit，didexperiments，andlearntfromtheoffarmers.”都是研究的内容。4． B．advantagesC．tradition D．experience答案D解析learnfromtheexperienceoffarmers意为“学习农民的耕作经验”。5． B．gardeningC．produce D．trade答案B解析由本文的标题和第二段第三、四句推断可知，选gardening。6． B．topicsC．subjects D．events答案C解析本句的下文介绍了一些具体的课题，如：种菜、种果树、养动物等。program项目，节目；topic话题；subject科目，课题；event事件。故选C。7． B．constructionsC．measures D．treasures答案A解析此处表示酿酒的“指导，说明”，故选instructions。其他选项与句意不符。8． B．practicalC．similar D．regular答案B解析practicalguide实用指南，符合语境。economical经济的，节省的；similar相像的，类似的；regular有规律的。9． B．increaseC．grow D．throw答案C解析growyoungplants意为“种植幼苗”，其他选项没有“种植”之意。10． B．endingC．hope D．results答案D解析本题用result，与前文的work相对，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”，下文也有类似的句子。11．against B．goagainstC．competewith D．dealwith答案B解析goagainstnature意为“违背自然”，其他选项均不符合句意。12． B．situationC．condition D．addition答案C解析theconditionofthesoil意为“土壤的状