六年级下册英语讲义语法专项之介词

小升初辅导讲义课题介词用法复习教学目标1.掌握介词的一些常用固定搭配2.理解on.before.at等特殊语境下的含义及用法教学内容学习目标1.了解介词的意义：介词是用来表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成份关系的词，它不能独立存在。2.掌握一些介词的固定搭配，如：beafraidof害怕……。3.知道一些常用介词的用法：如：behind，beside，between等表示位置；at，after，before，in等表示时间。认识介词认识介词1.表示地点位置的介词1)at,in,on,toat(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近，旁边”in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。on表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。to表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”2)above,over,on在……上above表示一个物体高过另一个物体,不强调是否垂直，与below相对；over一个物体在另一个物体的垂直上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示一个物体在另一个物体表面上，并且两个物体互相接触。例如：Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.鸟儿从我头顶上飞过。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有座桥。Heputhiswatchonthedesk.他把手表放在桌子上。3)below,under在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下，不一定在正下方例如：Thereisacatunderthetable.桌子下有一只猫。Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.请在横线下方写名字。4)infrontof,inthefrontof在……前面infrontof意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。例如：Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.(房子前面有些花卉。)inthefrontof意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是atthebackof…（在……范围内的后部）。例如：Thereisablackboardinthefrontofourclassroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板。Ourteacherstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)5）beside，behindbeside表示在……旁边behind表示在……后面2.表示时间的介词1)in,on，at在……时in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如：inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。如：onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指，等。如：at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,atChristmas，atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。注意：在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词。如：Wemeeteveryday.2)in,after在……之后“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。3)from自从……from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；4)after,behind在……之后after主要用于表示时间；behind主要用于表示位置。3.表示运动方向的介词：across,through通过，穿过across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。4.表示“在……之间”的介词：如infrontof，behind，on，in，near，under，up，between,amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。难点突破on与above中文都表示在……上，但有区别：above表示物体之间不接触，on则表示物体之间接触。如：Thereisaphotoonthewall.（墙上有张照片。）Anaeroplaneisflyingabovethemountain.（一架飞机正飞于山的上空。）自我测评1.朗读下列词组(1)apresentforyou (2)comefromAmerica(3)infrontoftheshop (4)ontheleft(5)inthemorning (6)underthetable(7)aladyinblue (8)timefordinner( ) (1)A. besidethedoor B.behindtheball behindthedoor( ) (2)A. nearthecinema B.nearthebank nearthesea( ) (3)A. lookatthecat B.lookout lookatthekite( ) (4)A. onthebus B.atthebusstop atschool( ) (5)A. inmyhead B.inmyhand onmyhand( ) (6)A. goodatEnglish B.goodinmath goodatmathKeys:(1)C(2)A(3)C(4)B(5)B(6)C 4.根据听到的内容画画 选词填空Janeoftenplaysthepiano (on,in)theevening.Canyouhelpme (of,with)mylessons?Pleasesay (after,behind)me.Wewillhaveameetingathalf (to,past)ten.Itaste (in,with)mytongue.Anaeroplaneisflying (on,above)ourschool.Pleasegivemeacup (about,of)tea.Thesepineapplesare (of,from)Australia.Keys:(1)in(2)with(3)after(4)past(5)with(6)above (7)of(8)from6. 用适当的介词填空Didyougo theaquariumyesterday?Whomdoyouoftenplay ? I'mafraid Myfathergoestowork taxi.Listen themusic.Itsoundswonderful.Hecomes England.DidyouvisitLucyyesterday?No,sheisn'tChristmasis December25th.MybirthdayisDecember,too.Keys:(1)to(2)with(3)of(4)by(5)to(6)from(7)at(8)on,in 按实际情况回答问题Whichschoolareyouin?Whatcolourareyouin?What'sinyourhand?Whattimedoyouusuallygetup?Howdoesyourmothergotowork?趣味阅读IlikeblueMynameisJane.I'msevenyearsold.Ilikeblueverymuch.Butmymumdoesn'tunderstandaboutblue.Ilikemybluestockings.Icanjumphighwiththem.Butmymumsays,"Weartheseyellowstockings.Theymatchyourdresswell."Ilikemyblueboots.Icanrunfastwiththem.Butmymumsays,"It'stoocoldoutside.Theblackbootscankeepyouwarm."Ilikemybluecup.Milktastesgoodinthebluecup.Butmymumsays,"I'vepouredsomemilkinthewhitecup."Todayismybirthday.Mypresentisaredjacket.Ilikeblue."Whydon'tyougivemeabluejacket?"Iaskmum."YoucanbeRedRidingHoodwiththeredjacket,"saysmum.Whatagoodidea!Ilikeblue.Ilikered,too.回答下列问题WhatisJane'sfavouritecolour?WhatisJane'sbirthdaypresent?Whatcolourdoyoulike?(4)Whattimedoyouusuallygetup?(5)Howdoesyourmothergotowork?(6)Wheredoyoulive?Keys:(1)Herfavouritecolourisblue.(2)Herpresentisaredjacket.(3)略。听力原文3.(1)Theumbrellaisbehindthedoor.(2)Thebankisnearthecinema.Iookatthekite.Whatcolourisit?Whoistheboyatthebusstop?Ihaveaphotoofmyfamilyinmyhand.Areyougoodatmath?Yes,Iam.4.Drawabigappletree,please.Drawanappleunderthetree.Drawabenchnearthetree.Drawacageonthebench.Drawabirdinthecage.I.Lookandwrite.(将下列中文翻译成英文)1.来自美国 2.在左边 3.在8:30 4.在星期六下午 _5.穿红衣服的女孩 6.寻找 7.等待 8.乘飞机 9.在树上10.在阳光下 Keys:1.comefromAmerica2.ontheleft3.athalfpasteight4.onShesunⅡ.Fillintheblanks.(用适当的介词填空)Thisismyfirstvisit HongKong.Thisisapicture summer,wecangotothebeach. Saturdaythestudentshavenolessons.Whatdoyouneed yourbirthday?Here'stheweather Thecatcanplay aball. themirror.Icanseeme.Wehavelessons Whatcanyoudo asnowyday?Look,Ericisstanding hisfatherandmother.Therearemanypeaches thetree.Keys: 1.to2.of3.In4.On5.for6.for7.with8.in9.from...to10.on11.between12.onⅢ.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，将字母代号写在括号内)( )1.Anaeroplaneisflying ourschool.A.on B.in C.above( )2.Lily'shabitsaredifferent Linda's.A.for B.from C.of( )3.Lucyiswaiting herfather No.3busstop.A.for...on B.for...at C.at...at( )4.Let'smakeacake Grandma.Shelikescakes.A.to B.for C.by( )5.Mr.LiisgoingtohelpJohn hisChinesethisafternoon.A.with B.in C.by( )6.Thefirstclassbegins 8o'clock themorning.A.at...on B.at...in C.on...in( )7.Theteache