港珠澳大桥施工技术介绍

港珠澳大桥主体工程

HZMBMainBridgeProject项目介绍Introduction项目情况介绍

目录Content4项目概况Descriptionoftheproject1235桥梁设计方案Bridgedesign隧道设计方案Tunneldesign4人工岛设计方案Islanddesign5前期工作AdvanceWork

1.项目概况Description继三峡工程、青藏铁路、南水北调、京沪高铁后又一重大工程。

HZMBprojectisahugeprojectinsuccessionoftheThree-gorges,Qinghai-TibetRailway,South-to-NorthWaterDiversionandBeijing-ShanghaiHighSpeedRailwayProjects.全部工程包括珠海、澳门接线，珠海澳门口岸，海中主体工程，香港接线及香港口岸,总长约50公里，总投资约729亿。

TheHZMBprojectconsistsofZhuhai,MacauSideLinks,Zhuhai-MacauBCFartificialIsland,MainBridgeProject,HongKongSideLinkandHongKongBCF,whichis50Kminlengthandtotalinvestmentis72.9billionRMB.1.项目概况Description连接粤、港、澳三地，两种不同体制的工程，由中国内地、香港、澳门特别行政区共同投资建设。

HZMBprojectconnectsGuangdongProvince,HongKongandMacauSpecialAdministrativeZoneswhichhavedifferentpoliticalsystems,andjointlyfundedbyMainlandChina,HongKongandMacauspecialAdministrativeZones.港珠澳大桥主体工程长约29.6km，深水区非通航孔桥14.22km、浅水区非通航孔桥5.24公里、青州航道桥930m、江海直达航道桥774m、九洲航道桥693m、以及两座人工岛连接桥，一座口岸连接桥，桥梁共长约22.8km。

ThemainworkofHZMBis29.6Kmlong,ofwhich14.75Kmand5.44Kmarenon-navigationaldeep/shallowwaterbridgesrespectively,Qingzhouchannelbridge930m,Jiang-haichannelbridge774m,Jiuzhouchannelbridge693m,twobridgesconnectingtwoartificialislandsaswellasthebridgeconnectingtheBCFartificialisland,andthetotalbridgeis22.8Kminlength.

1.项目概况Description穿越伶仃西航道和铜鼓航道采用沉管隧道的方式，长约6km。

HZMBprojectgoesthroughtheLing-DingWestChannelandTong-GuChannelwithImmersedTunnel,whichisabout6Kminlength.隧道两端各设置一个海中人工岛，每个人工岛长约625m。

Twoartificialislandswhichareboth625mlongareconstructedateachendoftheimmersedtunnelrespectively.1.项目概况Description2009年10月19日获得国务院对工程可行性研究报告的批复。

On19thOct2009,thefeasibilitystudyreportofHZMBwasapprovedbythestatecouncil.2009年12月15日港珠澳大桥工程开工。

On15thDecember2009,constructionofHMZBcommenced.2010年4月1日获得交通运输部关于初步设计的批复。

On1stApril2010,thepreliminarydesignofHZMBwasapprovedbyMinistryofTransport.1.项目概况Description目前已完成主体工程详细设计，正在进行桥梁工程的技术设计。

UntilnowthedetaileddesignofmainworksofHZMBprojecthasbeenfinishedandtechnicaldesignofbridgeengineeringisinprogress.计划2010年6月进行岛隧设计施工总承包招标；8月进行桥梁工程、交通工程等施工图设计招标；2011年底进行桥梁工程施工招标。

Itisscheduledtostarttenderforisland-tunneldesign-buildcontractinJune2010;andinAugust,tenderforconstructiondrawingdesignofbridgeengineeringandtrafficengineering,andtenderforbridgeconstructionwillbeattheendof2011.全部工程计划于2016年底完工。

Thewholeprojectisscheduledtobefinishedattheendof2016.1.项目概况Description6车道高速公路标准,设计速度100km/h,设计使用寿命120年。

TheHZMBprojectisdesignedupto6lanehighwaycriterion,designspeedis100Km/handdesignservicelifeis120years.按照可靠度理论进行耐久性设计，确保港珠澳大桥混凝土结构在120年内不产生耐久性失效的保证率≧95%。

DurabilitydesignisasperreliabilitytheorytoguaranteethedurabilityfailureprobabilityofHZMBconcretestructureisbelow5%in120years’designservicelife.1.项目概况Description需求引导设计，预先编制项目营运及维护准则，重视结构的可维可达设计。

HZMBprojectisademand-guidingdesign,operationandmaintenancecriterionisdevelopedinadvanceandsignificantimportanceisattachedtodesignofstructurewithrequiredmaintainabilityandaccessibility.基于全寿命周期成本管理要求的设计方法。

DesignmethodofHZMBprojectisbasedonwholelifecyclecostmanagementrequirements.环保设计（严格控制阻水比和对白海豚的干扰等）。

Environmentaldesign(Waterblockageratioanddisturbancetowhitedolphinarestrictlycontrolled).珠海侧接线Zhuhai,SideLinks

珠澳口岸Zhuhai-MacauBCFartificialIsland

主体工程

MainBridgeProject香港侧接线HongKongSideLink2.桥梁梁设设计计方方案案Bridgedesign青州州航航道道桥桥推推荐荐方方案案采采用用中中国国结结塔塔双双索索面面钢钢箱箱梁梁斜斜拉拉桥桥TherecommendedQingzhouChannelBridgeis““ChineseKnot””towerwithdoublecableplanessteelboxgirdercable-stayedbridge.桥跨跨布布置置：：110+126+458+126+110=930mBridgespansarrangement:110+126+458+126+110=930m2.桥梁梁设设计计方方案案Bridgedesign江海海直直达达船船航航道道桥桥推推荐荐方方案案为为三三塔塔独独柱柱中中央央索索面面钢钢箱箱梁梁斜斜拉拉桥桥TherecommendedconceptforJiang-HaiChannelBridgeisthree-tower-single-columncentralcableplanesteelboxgirdercablestayedbridge.桥跨跨布布置置：：129＋258＋258＋129＝774mBridgespansarrangement:129＋258＋258＋129＝774m2.桥梁梁设设计计方方案案Bridgedesign九洲洲航航道道桥桥推推荐荐方方案案采采用用双双塔塔独独柱柱中中央央索索面面钢钢箱箱梁梁斜斜拉拉桥桥TherecommendedJiuzhouChannelBridgeisdouble-tower-single-columncentralcableplanesteelboxgirdercable-stayedbridge.桥跨跨布布置置：：85+127.5＋268＋127.5+85＝693mBridgespansarrangement:85+127.5＋268＋127.5+85＝693m2.桥梁梁设设计计方方案案Bridgedesign深水水区区非非通通航航孔孔桥桥Non-navigationalchannelbridgeindeepwaterarea整幅幅钢钢箱箱连连续续梁梁，，110m一孔孔、、6孔一一联联；；总总长长14.22kmSinglesteelboxgirdercontinuousframe,110mspanand6spansforeachframe,totallengthis14.22m.为配配合合单单墩墩布布置置，，推推荐荐方方案案为为单单箱箱双双室室钢钢箱箱梁梁，，大大悬悬臂臂结结构构Incoordinationwithdistributionofsinglepier,single-box-double-cellularsteelgirderoptionwithlargecantileveroptionisrecommended.深水水区区非非通通航航孔孔桥桥下下部部结结构构Substructureofnon-navigationalchannelbridgeindeepwaterarea首次次采采用用钢钢管管复复合合桩桩基基础础，，每每墩墩6根桩桩基基础础（（直直径径2.2米-2.0米)。Firstuseofsteelpipecompositepilefoundation,eachpierisfurnishedwith6piles(2.2-2.0mindiameter).预制制承承台台及及空空心心桥桥墩墩，，承承台台的的预预制制安安装装是是本本桥桥的的难难点点、、重重点点。。Pre-castpilecapandhollowbridgepier,pre-castandpilecapinstallationofHZMBarekeyanddifficultpoints.2.桥梁梁设设计计方方案案Bridgedesign本桥桥将将大大量量应应用用减减隔隔震震支支座座。。Massiveseismicbaseisolationbearingswillbeusedforthisbridge.浅水水区区非非通通航航孔孔桥桥Non-navigationalChannelBridgeinshallowarea目前前为为组组合合梁梁的的方方案案，，85m一孔孔，，6孔一一联联；；总总长长5.44kmCurrentlyiscombinationgirderbridgeoption,85mspanand6spansforeachframe,totallengthis5.44Km.初步步设设计计方方案案采采用用单单箱箱单单室室组组合合梁梁。。Single-box-single-cellularcombinationgirderisrecommendedinpreliminarydesignoption.2.桥梁设计方案Bridgedesign东人工岛结合部非非通航孔桥、西人人工岛结合部非通通航孔桥、珠澳口口岸人工岛连接桥桥Non-navigationalbridgeatconnectionpartwitheasternartificialisland,non-navigationalbridgeatconnectionpartwithwesternartificialislandandconnectionbridgeofZhuhai-MacauBCFartificialisland.2.桥梁设计方案Bridgedesign在初步设计阶段，，从控制工程造价价出发，钢桥面暂暂采用环氧沥青混混凝土铺装，混凝凝土桥面暂采用SMA铺装。最终铺装方方案将参考相关的的专题研究成果确确定2.桥梁设计方案Bridgedesign桥面铺装青州航道桥：斜拉索采用箱梁外外侧锚固的双索面面扇形索，每个塔塔上有14对斜拉索，梁上索索距为15m，塔上索距为3m、3.5m、4m、4.5m等；采用平行钢丝丝成品斜拉索，型型号为PES7-127～223，最大索长约265m。塔上斜拉索锚固固于塔柱内，采用用钢锚箱式锚固方方案。梁上斜拉索索锚固于钢箱梁外外侧边腹板上，采采用锚箱式锚固。。采用塔端张拉斜斜拉索。江海直达船航道桥桥：斜拉索顺桥向间距距为12m，立面呈竖琴形平平行索布置。吊索索在索塔侧的锚固固采用钢锚梁，梁梁上的锚固采用钢钢锚箱，横桥向的的每对拉索在梁上上均锚固于主梁中中央的两道内侧腹腹板上。斜拉索采采用带PE防护的平行钢丝吊吊索，钢丝直径7mm。九州航道桥：风帆塔采用单索面面竖琴布置，拉索索连接到桥面中心心。由于拉索布置置在行车道之间7米宽的结构中，拉拉索检查可以不中中断交通进行，更更换也可能如此。。斜拉索采用带PE防护的平行钢丝吊吊索，钢丝直径7mm，抗拉强度不低于于1770MPa。2.桥梁设计方案Bridgedesign斜拉索设计全长5990m（不含桥隧过渡段段，沉管段长5664m，现浇暗埋段长各各163m），建成后为世界最长长的沉管隧道Totallengthofimmersedtunnelis5990m(Excludingbridge-tunneltransitionalsection,immersedsectionandcutandcoversectionare5664mand163mlongrespectively),whichisthelongestimmersedtunnelintheworldoncecompleted.3.隧道设计方案Tunneldesign采用两孔一管廊横横断面，两侧为行行车道孔，中间为为综合管廊，管廊廊内分为三层：Two-tube-one-gallerycrosssectionisrecommendedincurrentphase,twosidesaretraffictubesandthemiddleisagallerywiththreelayers:上层为专用排烟通通道。Thetoplayerisforsmokeextract.中层为安全横通道道，限界高2.2m。Themiddleisforsafetransversepassage,clearanceis2.2m.下层为电缆沟和海海底泵房。Thebottomlayerisforcabletrenchandseabedpumphouses.3.隧道设计方案Tunneldesign沉管隧道纵断面Longitudinalprofileofimmersedtunnel最大纵坡/坡长：2.98%/990m，最小纵坡：0.3%；海中W形布置。Maxlongitudinalslope/slopelength:2.98%/990m,minlongitudinalslope:0.3%andW-shapedintheseabed.基槽：最大挖深约约-46m。Foundationtrench:maximumexcavationdepthis-46m.沉管施工从西人岛岛处单边开始向东东岛逐节沉放沉管管，并将最终接头头设于东岛附近。。Theconstructionoftunnelstartsfromwesternartificialislandtowardstheeasternartificialislandandtheclosurejointislocatedatthevicinityofeasternartificialisland.3.隧道设计方案Tunneldesign管节结构、接头、、防水Elementstructure,jointandwaterproof:推荐采用节段式管管节Segmentelementisrecommended,itsadvantagesare:strongadaptabilitytostratumandsiltation,goodformanagementinconstruction.共32个管节，每节长180米，由8×22.5m管段组成。Total32elements,each180mlongandconsistsof8*22.5msegments.管节间接头采用传传统的：GINA+OMEGA+剪切键。ElementsareconnectedwithtraditionalGINA+OMEGA+shearkeyatthejoints小节段间接头采用用“可膨涨密封条条+OMEGA密封条+剪力键”方案。Segmentsareconnectedwith““inflatableseal+OMEGAseal+shearkey”Option.管节结构自防水。。Elementstructureselfwaterproof.3.隧道设计方案Tunneldesign沉管基槽开挖、回回填及地基加固Excavation,backfillofimmersedtunnelfoundationtrenchandfoundationimprovement:沉管基础垫层推荐荐采用先铺碎石整整平层，为保证沉沉管均匀沉降。Gravelfoundationisrecommendedforimmersedtunnelforelementevensettlement.根据地质情况及受受载分段采用加固固方案，共打入钢钢管桩13170根。Foundationimprovementmethodisusedaccordingtogeologicalconditionsandsectionalloading,andtotal13170pileswillbedriven.3.隧道设计方案Tunneldesign干坞及系泊方案Drydockandmooringconcept:采用3+3方案。Drydock:3+3plan.并列2个干坞。Twoparalleldrydocks.单坞同时预制3个管节。Threeelementsareprecastinonedrydockatthesametime.干坞长260m，宽432m。Drydocklength260m,width432m.陆域挖方:288.1万方。Landexcavationvolume:2.881millioncubicmeters.水下炸礁：23万方。Underwaterrockblasting:0.23millioncubicmeters.水下挖泥：179.2万方。Underwatersoilexcavation:1.792millioncubicmeters.边坡支护：4.95万平米。Sideslopeprotection:49.4thousandsquaremeters.3.隧道设计方案Tunneldesign东人工岛总体方案案Generalconceptofeasternartificialisland:东人工岛采用“蚝蚝贝”主题外形，，总面积为101973m2，岛长625m，宽225m。除了养护救援功功能外，附加服务务功能。岛上共分分养护管理区、隧隧道过渡区、互通通区和附属设施区区。Theeasternartificialislandfollowsthe““oyster””shape,generalareais101973m2,andislandis625mlongand225mwide.Thehand-overlevelofislandis5m,italsohasservicefunctionsbesidesrescueandmaintenance.Theislandisdividedintomaintenanceandmanagementzone,tunneltransitionalzone,interchangezoneandauxiliaryfacilityzone.4.人工岛设计方案Artificialislanddesign西人工岛总体方案案Generalconceptofwesternartificialisland:西人工岛采用“蚝蚝贝”主题外形，，总面积97962m2，岛长625m，岛宽185m。西人工岛以管理理功能为主，设置置运营、养护、救救援站。Thewesternartificialislandfollowsthe““oyster””shape,inareaof97962m2,andislandis625mlongand185mwide.ThedistancefromtheeasternsideoftheartificialislandtoLing-Dingwestchannelis2018m.Thewesternartificialislandismainlyformanagementandfurnishedwithoperation,maintenanceandrescuestations.岛上分为养护管理理区、隧道过渡区区、互通区和附属属设施区，各区集集中布置。Thewesternartificialislandisdividedintomaintenanceandmanagementzone,tunneltransitionalzone,interchangezoneandauxiliaryfacilityzone,andallzoneswillbedistributedinaconcentratedway.4.人工岛设计方案Artificialislanddesign岛隧结合部推荐采采用干法施工，即即形成部分岛域后后再施工暗埋段作作为止推段；根据据隧道总体施工安安排，要求西岛开开工后27个月具备沉管首节节管节下沉条件。。Thetunnel-islandconnectionpartisrealizedwithdryconstructionmethod,i.e,constructsthecut&coversectionforanti-thrustingafterformationofsmallisland;accordingtogeneralscheduleofisland&tunnelconstruction,itrequiresthatthereshallbeconditionsforimmersionofthefirstelement27monthsafterconstructioncommencement.4.人工岛设计方案Artificialislanddesign西岛：分为“小岛岛”、“大岛”两两部分填筑。Westernartificialisland:willbeconstructedwith“SmallIsland”and““bigisland”separately.东岛：对接时间靠靠后，东岛一次填填筑完成。Easternartificialisland:theconnectiontimewillbeinlaterphaseandconstructedinonetime.西岛小岛采用格形形钢板桩围堰围水水兼围护。Thesmallislandofwesternartificialislandusescellularsteelsheetpileascofferdam.4.人工岛设计方案Artificialislanddesign岛壁结构设计方案案采用抛石斜坡堤堤Ribrubbermoundisrecommendedfortheseadefensestructuredesign.4.人工岛设计方案Artificialislanddesign岛壁区：开挖换填填中粗砂振冲密实实+挤密砂桩+排水砂桩岛内吹填区：部分分开挖换填中粗砂砂振冲密实+排水砂井4.人工岛设计方案Artificialislanddesign地基处理方案Foundationtreatment5.前期工作AdvanceWork1、2003年8月，国务院批准开开展港珠澳大桥项项目前期工作，并并同意成立由香港港特区政府作为召召集人、粤港澳三三方组成的“港珠珠澳大桥前期工作作协调小组”，负负责协调该项目前前期工作有关事宜宜，港珠澳大桥项项目的前期工作正正式开始启动。InAugust2003,theStateCouncilapprovedtocarryoutadvanceworkfortheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacauBridge(HZMB)project,andagreedtoestablishthe“HZMBAdvanceWorkCoordinationGroup(AWCG)”whichconsistsofthreegovernmentsofGuangdong,HongKong,andMacau,andtheHongKongSARGovernmentistheconvener.AWCGisinchargeofcoordinatingrelatedadvanceworkofthisproject.SincethattheadvanceworkofHZMBprojecthasofficiallycommenced.5.前期工作AdvanceWork2、为进一步加快港珠珠澳大桥项目前期期工作，2006年12月，国务院批准成成立了由国家发展展改革委牵头的““港珠澳大桥专责责小组”，负责项项目前期工作中重重大问题的协调。。InordertofurtherspeeduptheadvanceworkofHZMBproject,inDecember2006,theStateCouncilapprovedtheformationoftheHZMBTaskForcewhichwasledbytheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionandwasresponsibleforthecoordinationofsignificantissuesintheadvanceworkoftheproject.3、2005年4月，国家发展改革革委主持召开了港港珠澳大桥桥位技技术方案论证会，，确定了大桥两岸岸的登陆点，推荐荐采用北线桥隧组组合方案InApril2005,theNationalDevel