高考总复习英语外研通用版教师用书选修8MODULE1DEEPSOUTH

1．staten． 状态；状况2．trapv. 储存，留存3．balancev. 使平衡4．sunrisen．日出→sunsetn．日落5．absencen．不在，缺席；缺少，缺乏；没有→absentadj.缺席的；缺少的6．extremeadj.极端的，极度的→extremelyadv.极端地，极其；非常7．depressingadj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→depressv．使沮丧；使萧条→depressedadj.沮丧的；抑郁的→depressionn．沮丧；不景气，萧条(期)8．depthn．深度→deepadj.&adv.深的；深深地→deeplyadv.强烈地；深刻地→deepenv．加深；深化9．discouragev．使泄气；劝阻，阻止；打消……的念头→encouragev．鼓励(反义词)→discouragingadj.令人沮丧的→discouragedadj.灰心的；沮丧的10．inspirationn．鼓舞；启示；灵感→inspirev．鼓舞；激励→inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的→inspiredadj.富有灵感的11．promotev．促进，增进；晋升，提升→promotionn．晋级；增进12．annualadj. 每年的13．massn. 块，堆，团14．voyagen. (乘船的)旅行，航行15．glaren. 刺眼的光vi. 怒目而视16．intenseadj. 强烈的17．severeadj. 艰难的，艰巨的18．clothingn. 衣服；(尤指)某种服装19．portableadj. 轻便的；便携的20．pureadj. 干净的；不含有害物质的21．abnormaladj. 不正常的，反常的22．tiresomeadj. 烦人的，令人讨厌的23．modestadj. 不很昂贵的；适中的；谦虚的24．emergencyn. 紧急情况；突发事情25．conventionaladj. 常规的；普通的26．privilegen. 荣幸[用所给词的适当形式填空]1．Withtheextremeweathercoming,peoplefeltextremelycoldandmanygotill.(extreme)2．Onhearingthedepressingnews,hefeltdepressedandsoongotintoastateofdepression．(depress)3．Fromhisdiscouragedlook，Ijudgedhewasn’thired，whichwasreallydiscouraging．ButIstillencouragedhimtogotoothercompaniestotryhisfortune.(discourage)4．Whenaskedwhereherinspirationofthenovelcamefrom,shesaidherfather’sinspiringwordsinspiredhertowriteit.(inspire)5．Thelakeisover20metersindepth.Sowewereallmoveddeeplybythemanwhodiveddeepintothelaketosavetheboy.(depth)1．adapt__to (使)适应2．stand__out 引人注目；突出；显眼3．set__foot__on 进入，到达4．break__up 撞碎；解体5．come__up__with 想出6．in__case__of 如果；假使[选用以上短语填空]1．Ifplantsweremovedfromonehabittotheothertypeofhabit,theychangedtheirappearanceandadapted__tothenewenvironment.2．(2018·安徽重点中学联考)Obviously,weshouldbearinmindwhatwearesupposedtodofirstin__case__ofanemergency.3．Theywerefilledwithjoywhentheyset__foot__onChinasoilinlateJuly.4．(湖北卷)ItwaswrittenintheTwenties,butitstillreallystands__out．5．Petercame__up__withanapproachtosolvingtheproblematthemeeting,butmostofhiscolleaguesdidn’tthinkitwaspractical.eq\a\vs4\al()“宣布，声明”动词大荟萃①state 陈述，声明②announce 宣称，宣布③claim 断言，宣称④declare 宣布，断言聚焦“职场经历”高频名词①promotion 升职②employment 雇用③appointment 任命④interview 面试⑤dismissal 解雇⑥unemployment 失业⑦greenhand 新手“in＋n.＋of”短语面面观①incaseof 如果；假使；万一②indefenceof 保卫；为……辩护③in(the)faceof 面临；面对④inhonourof 为纪念……⑤inviewof 鉴于，由于⑥insearchof 寻找“v.＋upwith”短语汇总①comeupwith 提出；想出②keepupwith 与……同步；跟上(强调状态)③catchupwith 跟上(强调动作)④endupwith 以……结束⑤putupwith 忍耐；忍受；熬过⑥fillupwith 用……填满1．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语Withannualrainfallclosetozero，Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.2．现在分词短语作结果状语Ahighmountainrange，theTrans-Antarcticrange，runsfromeasttowest，cuttingthecontinentintwo.3．notuntil置于句首，主句要部分倒装Notuntilthelate18thcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle，butheneversawland.4．thefirst/second.../theonly/last/形容词最高级＋名词＋todoThenin1895，aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevinkbecamethefirstmantosetfootontheAntarcticmainland.[句式仿写]1．由于门开着，机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。With__the__door__open，thenoiseofthemachineisalmostdeafening.2．雪下了一个星期，造成了整个地区严重的交通混乱。Thesnowlastedaweek,resulting__in__a__serious__traffic__confusioninthewholearea.3．直到今天上午汤姆到达机场时，他才发现护照忘在家里了。Not__untilTomarrivedattheairportthismorningdid__he__findhispassportleftathome.4．(2018·重庆一中模拟)她往往是第一个到办公室最后一个离开的人，我认为这就是她这么快得到晋升的原因。Sheisalwaysthefirststaffto__go__to__the__officeandthelastto__leave,__whichIthinkiswhysheispromotedsoquickly.trapv．储存；留存；设陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境n．陷阱；圈套；诡计；埋伏[佳句背诵]Parentsoftenfallintothetrapoftryingtodoeverythingfortheirchildren.家长经常陷入极力为子女操办一切的误区。(牛津词典)Shehadsetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。[考点对接]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thebombexploded,trapping(trap)victimsinthebuilding.②Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect,theearthiswarmedbygasestrappingintheatmosphere.trapping→trappedeq\a\vs4\al()(1)be/gettrappedin... 被困在……o(doing)sth. 诱骗某人(做某事)(2)fallinto/becaughtinatrap 掉进陷阱；落入圈套set/layatrapfor... 为……设圈套表示“被困于……中”的短语还有：①be/getlockedin ②be/getcaughtin③be/getstuckin ④be/getblockedin[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级回到家以后，她发现自己被骗而购买了那些无用的药。①(普通表达)Aftershereturnedhome,shefoundthatshewas__trapped__into__buyingtheuselessmedicines.②(高级表达)Returning__home,__she__found__herself__trapped__into__buying__the__useless__medicines.(现在分词短语作状语；find＋宾语＋宾补)promotevt.增进，促进；提升；宣传，推广，推销(商品等)[佳句背诵]Goodlisteningcanshowrespect,promoteunderstanding,andimproveinterpersonalrelationship.认真倾听可以表示尊重，增进理解，并改善人际关系。(2015·四川卷)MoreexpresswayswillbebuiltinSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.为了促进当地经济发展，更多的高速公路将很快在四川建造。[考点对接]——单句语法填空①(安徽卷)Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted/promotion(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.②Becauseofhisgoodperformance,hewassoonpromotedtoahigherpositioninthecompany.eq\a\vs4\al()(1)promotesb.(fromsth.)tosth. 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位(2)promotionn. 提升；晋级；促进get/winpromotion 获得晋级[能力提升]——词汇升级(普通表达)Hewasraisedfromaclerktoamanageraftermanyyearsofhardwork.①(高级表达)Hewas__promotedfromaclerktoamanageraftermanyyearsofhardwork.②(高级表达)Hegot/won/gained__promotionfromaclerktoamanageraftermanyyearsofhardwork.discouragev．阻止；打消……的念头[佳句背诵](湖南卷)Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.不要因任何失败而灰心，因为你永远不清楚自己离成功可能有多近。(朗文辞典)Studentssoongetdiscouragedifyoucriticizethemtoooften.如果你批评学生太频繁，他们很快就会泄气的。[考点对接]——单句语法填空①Bothteachersandparentsshoulddiscouragestudentsfromplayingcomputergamestoomuch,whichaffectstheirstudiesandhealth.②(2015·福建卷)Thefailurewasabigblowtohim,buthewasn’tdiscouraged(discourage)andsoongotasenthusiasticasever.③Insteadofseeingthesetbackassomethingdiscouraging(discourage),justacceptitasapartofthejourney.eq\a\vs4\al()(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth. 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某 事的信心(2)discouragedadj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouragingadj. 令人泄气的；令人沮丧的(3)encouragevt. 鼓励encouragedosth. 鼓励某人做某事[能力提升]——根据汉语提示完成小片段Myfriends①discouraged__me__from__giving__up(劝我不要放弃)theexperiment.Theytoldme②not__to__get__discouraged(不要气馁)bysetbacksbecauseitwasnewtomeafterall.Timalso③encouraged__me__to__try(鼓励我试试)itagain.standout突出，显眼；卓越，杰出[佳句背诵]SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincolour，theystandoutagainstthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.因为南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。(朗文辞典)Amongmysterywriters,P．D.Jamesstandsoutasasuperiorstoryteller.在侦探小说作家中，P.D.James最突出，是讲故事的高手。[考点对接]——单句语法填空①Havingbeenpaintedred,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.②WeChinesestandforpeaceandwishtosettlealldisputesbypeacefulmeans.eq\a\vs4\al()standfor 代表；象征；容忍；主张standby 袖手旁观；坚持；支持；遵守standup 站起来standupfor 支持；维护[能力提升]——完成句子①当你遇到别人有麻烦的时候，不要只是袖手旁观。Don’tjuststand__bywhenyoucomeacrosssomeoneintrouble.②作为我们国家的公民，在选举中维护我们的法定权利是我们的责任和义务。Ascitizensofourcountry,itisourdutyandresponsibilityto__stand__up__forthelegalrightsofourownintheelection.incaseof假使；以防[佳句背诵](湖南卷)Incaseofemergency,pleasecalltheHelpDeskat926-3736.如遇紧急情况，请打救助台的电话。(北京卷)Itookmydrivinglicensewithmeonholiday,incaseIwantedtohireacar.度假时我随身带了驾照，以防我想租车。[考点对接]——单句语法填空/单句改错①(山东卷)Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.②We’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.③(2015·福建卷)ItwasconsiderateofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincaseofwegotworried.去掉case后的ofeq\a\vs4\al()incase 假使；如果，万一inthis/thatcase 如果是这样/那样的话inanycase 无论如何，总之innocase 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)asisoftenthecase 这是常有的事case表示情况，若有定语从句修饰，并且case在从句中作状语，后面的定语从句多用where引导，类似的还有：situation,point,position,stage等。[能力提升]——句式升级①(普通表达)Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecausetheoryshouldinnocasebeseparatedfrompractice.(高级表达)Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecause__in__no__case__should__theory__be__separated__from__practice．(倒装句)②(普通表达)Hemaywinthecompetition.Inthiscaseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.(高级表达)Hemaywinthecompetition,in__which__case__he__is__likely__toget__into__the__national__team.(非限制性定语从句)(教材佳句)Notuntilthelate18thcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle，butheneversawland.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。eq\a\vs4\al()本句为倒装句，notuntil置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，即：“Notuntil＋从句＋did/does＋主语＋其他成分……”意为：直到……才……(until后面的从句不倒装)。[佳句背诵](辽宁卷)Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagodidheconsiderhavingaholidayabroad.直到在三年前从教学上退休后他才考虑到国外度假。(2017·天津卷)Itwasn’tuntilIfinishedmystudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.直到完成了学业，我才开始从事演员这一职业。[考点对接]——单句语法填空/单句改错①(天津卷)It’sdifficultforustolearnalessoninlifeuntilwe’veactuallyhadthatlesson.②(2015·福建卷)Itwasn’tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtwhenKerrybecameawareofherhabitoffindingfault.when→that③(2016·江苏卷)Notuntilrecentlytheyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.在they前加dideq\a\vs4\al()(1)not...until/till...“直到……才……”该句型中主句的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词，强调主句所表示的动作或情景一直到until/till所表示的时间才发生。(2)until/till用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。(3)notuntil...的强调句型：Itwas/isnotuntil...that...[能力提升]——句式升级(普通表达)Hedidn’trealizehowimportantconfidencewasuntilhefailedinthejobinterview.①(高级表达)Not__until__he__failed__in__the__job__interview__did__he__realize__how_important__confidence__was.(倒装句)②(高级表达)It__was__not__until__he__failed__in__the__job__interview__that__he__realized__how__important__confidence__was.(强调句)eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Therewasadepressing(depress)feelingintheofficewhenthenewsofjobcuts(裁员)wasannounced.2．Thestudentsmustmastertheknowledgeandskillsnecessaryforthemto__adapt(adapt)tothesocialcircumstances.3．Trapped(trap)intheruins,thegirlstillworeasmile,waitingtoberescued.4．Withalltheworkfinished(finish)aheadoftime，Ifeelrelaxedandveryhappytobereadingthepapers.5．Don’tbediscouraged(discourage)．Ifyouputawaysuchfeelings，youwilldobetternexttime.6．Allthestudentsareadvisedtokeepabalanced(balance)dietfortheirhealth.7．(四川卷)I’llbeoutforsometime.Incaseanythingimportanthappens,callmeupimmediately.8．Wehavemadeitarulethatthelastpersonto__get(get)totherestaurantshouldpayforthemeal.9．Itwashisabsence(absent)ofmindduringdrivingthatresultedinaterribleaccident.10．Shestudiedveryhardinacollegeandstoodoutamongthestudents.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．I’msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhavebrokeup,becausetheyseemedveryhappywhenIlastsawthem.broke→broken2．It’sgreatprivilegetoknowtheworld-famousscientist.在great前加a3．Inspiringbytheteacher,thegirlseizedthepreciouschancetostudyabroad.Inspiring→Inspired4．Ifyoucancomeupsomenewideastomorrow,pleasetellmeatonce.在up后加with5．Thegirlisanextremepopularstudentintheclass,becausesheisverykind.extreme→extremelyeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)单元语法(复习主语和动词)1．(2018·福州三中模拟)Being__taken(take)abroadforatourcanbeagreathonorforanordinarypersonlikeme.2．Asisknowntousall,healthdepends(depend)ongoodfood,freshairandenoughsleep.3．Shepossesses(possess)thecarnowbutitbelonged(belong)tohersisterbefore.4．(2018·江苏江阴联考)WhenIwasatcollegeIspoke(speak)threeforeignlanguagesbutIhave__forgotten(forget)allexceptafewwordsofeach.5．(2018·福建莆田24中月考)Itissaidthatthepenwrites(write)well,soIboughtoneformysisteryesterday.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材与语法填空根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Antarctica,thecoldestplaceonEarth,isthefifth1.largest(large)continentintheworld.The2.conditions(condition)therearequiteextremewithnearlynorainfall.98%ofthesurface3.is__covered(cover)permanentlybyiceandstrongwinds4.driven(drive)bygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.However,itisfullofwildlifelikethefamouspenguins,5.whichcanadapttoitshardconditions.Theicethere6.has__become(become)awindowonthepastwithgasesandminerals7.trapped(trap)init.Itwasnotuntil18958.thattheNorwegianexplorercalledCarstensBorchgrevinksetfoot9.ontheAntarcticmainland.In1961,12countriessignedatreatytomakeittheworld’sbiggestnaturereserve.Todayscientistsfromallovertheworldgothere10.to__study(study)itsresourcesandtoworktogetherforprogressandpeace.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)教材与话题写作(Ⅰ)用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。1．南极洲是一个很多探险家想要去探索的地方。(Antarctica;explorer;explore)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Antarcticaisacontinentwhichmanyexplorerswanttoexplore.2．在那儿有很多野生动植物，它们已经适应了极其恶劣的环境。(adaptto;extreme)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Therearemanykindsofwildanimalsandplantsonthecontinentandtheyhaveadaptedtotheextremeconditionsthere.3．我也想踏上南极洲去看那些可爱的企鹅。(setfooton;penguins)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ialsowanttosetfootonthecontinenttohaveagoodlookatthepenguins.4．我想宣传南极洲的美丽，并且呼吁每个人都要保护它。(promote;appeal)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：IwanttopromotethebeautyofAntarcticaandappealeveryonetoprotectit.(Ⅱ)将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。Antarcticaisacontinentwheremanyexplorerswanttoexplore.Therearemanykindofwildanimalsandplantsonthecontinent,whichhasadaptedtotheextremeconditionsthere.Ialsowanttosetfootonthecontinenttohaveagoodlookatthepenguins.Inadditionto,IwanttopromotethebeautyofAntarcticaandappealeveryoneprotectit.答案：Antarcticaisacontinenteq\f(where,which)manyexplorerswanttoexplore.Therearemanyeq\f(kind,kinds)ofwildanimalsandplantsonthecontinent,whicheq\f(has,have)adaptedtotheextremeconditionsthere.Ialsowanttosetfootonthecontinenttohaveagoodlookatthepenguins.Inadditioneq\o(to,\s\up0(＼))，IwanttopromotethebeautyofAntarcticaandappealeveryoneeq\o(\s\up7(∧,to))protectit.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解A(2018·广西适应性检测)Whereshouldanadventuroustouristgo?Afteryou’vedonesightseeinginLondon，shoppinginNewYork，tastedthelocalfoodinParis，anddancedtoyourheart’scontentattheBrazilianCarnival，whereelsecanyougo?Whatexotic(异国风情的)touristdestinationawaitsyou?Well，Antarcticasoundsliketheholidayofalifetime!It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonafewscientistsinresearchstationssharetheicylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimalswhichcancopewiththelowtemperatures.TourismbeganinAntarcticainthe1950sandit’sstillasmallsc37，000touristsareexpectedtherethisseason，butmanywon’tevenleavetheboat.TheBBC’sJulietRixvisitedthefrozencontinentandaskedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall，causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitivetourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleavefootprintsandtheyallgotothesameplace，theaccessiblecoastline，whichisalsowherethepenguinsandsealsgotobreed.Butsomepeoplebelievethatifcarefullycontrolled，tourismcanbegoodforAntarctichasnonativepopulationanditneedstotheicycontinentmightbereadytosupportandeventofunditsthey’relikelytoengageinthediscussionaboutglobalwarming，whichhasledtothemeltingofglaciers.AccordingtoRix，guidelinesarefollowedwhenyou’reabouttosetfootinAntarcticaandtouristshavetodisinfect(为……消毒)theirbootstomakesurenoalienspeciesareintroduced.Andonceonland，there’snoeatingor，bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleftfortunateenoughtovisitAntarcticamustbeawarethatthisisnottheirhomeandkeeptheirfingerscrossedthatfuturegenerationswillalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.【解题导语】游客应该去南极洲旅游吗？本文介绍了去南极洲旅游的情况和对游客的要求。1．Accordingtothesecondparagraph，wecanlearnthat________．A．AntarcticahasbecomethebestplaceforpeopletotravelB．onlyscientistscanbeallowedtogotoAntarcticaC．AntarcticaislessaffectedbyhumanactivitiesD．noanimalscansurviveinAntarcticaexceptpenguinsC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第二句话“It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.”可知，它被认为是地球上最后的不毛之地。由此可推知，南极洲受人类活动的影响较小。2．JulietRix’stravelinAntarcticamentionedinthefourthparagraphindicatesthat________．A．governmentsshouldtakemeasurestostoptouristsfromgoingtoAntarcticaB．whethertouristsshouldgotoAntarcticaornotshouldbeconsideredcarefullyC．theanimals’habitatinAntarcticahasbeenseriouslyaffectedbytourismD．onlyjournalistsbegintopayattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectioninAntarcticaB解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“askedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall，causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment”以及“Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleavefootprintsandtheyallgotothesameplace”可推知，人们是否应该去南极洲旅游应认真地考虑一下。3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoRix?A．TouristscaneatandsmokeinAntarctica.B．TouristscantakesomethingtheylikefromAntarctica.C．Touristscanthrowawaysomethingtheydon’tneedinAntarctica.D．TouristscanenjoythebeautifulsceneryinAntarctica.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“there’snoeatingor，bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleftbehind”可知，A、B、C三项的说法均与原文不符；根据文章结尾处“toenjoysuchbreathtakingviews”可知，游客可以在南极洲欣赏到惊人的景色。4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．WhyCan’tTouristsGotoAntarctica?B．HowCanTouristsGotoAntarctica?C．ShouldTouristsGotoAntarctica?D．AreTouristsAllowedtoGotoAntarctica?C解析：推理判断题。通读全文的内容可知，文章围绕的是“应该不应该去南极洲旅游？”这一话题，因此C项最适合作标题。B(2018·南昌模拟)VitaminBcouldhelplessentheeffectsofthemostdangeroustypeofairpollution,accordingtoanewstudypublishedrecently.Inthefirststudyofitskind,ateamofinternationalresearcherslookedatthedamagecausedbyoneofthepollutantsthathavethemostsevereimpactonhealth:PM2.5.Particulatematter,orPM,isatypeofairpollutantconsistingofsmallparticlesofdifferentsizes.hasadiameteroffewerthanmicrometers,about30timessmallerthanahumanhair.Theseparticlesaresosmallthattheycangointoourrespiratorysystem(呼吸系统),resultinginlungandsystemicinflammation(炎症)andstress.TheteamfoundthatsomethingassimpleasadailyvitaminBsupplementcouldpotentiallyreducetheimpactofthetinyparticlesonthehumanbody,althoughtheystressedthattheresearchwasinitsearlystagesandthesamplesizewassmall.Forthisstudy,10volunteerswereinitiallyexposedtocleanairandgivenaplacebo(安慰剂)tochecktheirresponses.ThegroupthentookanotherplaceboforfourweeksbeforebeingexposedtoheavilypollutedairfromdowntownToronto,whereanestimated1，000carspasseveryhour.Thebadairwasdeliveredtothevolunteersthroughan“oxygen－type”facemask.Theexperimentwasthenrepeated,witheachvolunteertakingaBvitaminsupplementdailymadeupofmgoffolicacid,50mgofvitaminB6,and1mgofvitaminB12.B6canbefoundinliver,chickenandnuts,andB12infish,meat,eggs,milkandsomecereals.TheresearchersfoundthatfourweeksofBvitaminsupplementsreducedthedamageofPexposureby28%－76%.TheresultshighlighthowpreventionatanindividuallevelcouldbeusedtofighttheharmfuleffectsofPM2.5.【解题导语】(细颗粒物)会导致疾病。不过，研究发现维生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。5．Whyisharmfultoourhealth?A．Itpollutesandpoisonstheair.B．Itistoomuchtobegotridof.C．Itcarriesvirusesanddiseases.D．Itiseasilybreathedinanddamagesourbody.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theseparticlesaresosmall...inflammation(炎症)andstress.”可知，(细颗粒物)很小，能进入我们的呼吸系统，导致肺部和全身炎症。6．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A．Theprocessoftheresearchwasnotscientific.B．Thiskindofresearchhasbeendonemanytimes.C．Furtherstudiesareneededtoconfirmtheirfindings.D．VitaminBishardtoobtaininpeople’sdailylife.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“althoughtheystressedthattheresearchwasinitsearlystagesandthesamplesizewassmall.”可知，该项研究处于初级阶段且样本规模小，因此还需要更多的研究来证明研究团队的发现。7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Internationalresearchershaveanewfinding.B．VitaminBcouldreducethedamageofPM2.5.C．Particulatematterdoesgreatharmtoourhealth.D．Emissioncontrolandregulationarebadlyneeded.B解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段和第二段谈到的定义以及PM2.5的危害；第三到五段告诉我们维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。所以B项最能概括文章主旨。8．Thenewstudywasprobablypublished________．A．inasciencejournalB．onagovernmentwebsiteC．inafashionmagazineD．inamedicaltextbookA解析：文章出处题。该文的内容为科学研究发现，很可能出自科学期刊。所以A项正确。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空(2018·西宁三校联考)Iwaslookingthroughsomeoldphotoalbumstheotherhad__1__donethatmanytimesbeforebutIfeltasudden__2__toseethemfoundmyself__3__somanybeautifulmemoriesfrommywasmydearNanagivingmeathorough__4__whenIwasanewbornwasmeandmybrotherstandinginfrontoftheworld’sugliest__5__ourfavoriteChristmaswasmybeautifulMom__6__meonherthepicturesseemed__7__allofasuddenbecausemyeyeswerejustcouldn’t__8__thetears.“Whatisgoingon？”I__9__．Ihadn’tcriedthelastwhatwas__10__now?IsoonsawthatitwasIwhohad__11__．Myspirithadwalkedalittlefurtherdownthe__12__ofrealizedaslongastheycamewithawarmheart，weteyeswere__13__tobeashamedsmiledandIfeltMomandNanasmiling__14__onmefromHeaven.LeoBuscagliasaid：“I’mnotafraidof__15__．Theycleanoutmyeyeballs.”Ithinktheycleanoutour__16__ashelpustowashawayourpain，fearandgrief(悲伤)．Theyhelpusto__17__ourloveandhelpustobecomewhoweare__18__tonexttimeyoufeelyourtearsstarting，justletthem__19__．Lifeisfullofsmilesandbyallowingthembothcanwe__20__live.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。再次看老相册时，作者重温了童年的一些美好回忆，并流下了眼泪。作者从而感悟到生活中充满欢笑和眼泪，只有允许它们两者都存在，我们才能真正地生活。1． B．everC．already D．nearlyC解析：根据下文的“manytimesbefore”以及“Ihadn’tcriedthelasttime.”可知，作