广东省四校2022届高三英语上学期开学联考试题202111191151

广东省2022届高三开学四校联考英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A4PopularPlacestoGoThisWinterHarbin,ChinaHarbin’swinterisforthebraveones—theaveragetemperatureis1.8°F—butthosewhobravethecoldwillberewardedwithexperiencingoneoftheworld’slargestwinterfestivals.2021marksthe37thHarbinInternationalIceandSnowSculptureFestival(January-March),whenmassivefrozenstructuresriseandarelitup,transformingthecityintoawinterwonderland.Lyon,ParismaybecalledTheCityofLight,buteveryDecember,lighttakescenterstageinLyon,Lima,Peru’scapitalLimaishometotheworld’shighestnumberofcookingschoolsperperson.Asidefromitsdelicatedining,thecityalsohasgreatcocktailbarswhereyoucantasteclassicorcontemporarytakesonthePiscoSour.Combinethatwiththeoceanfrontsettingandtemperaturesinthe80s,andyou’llunderstandwhyLimashouldnolongerbeignoredthiswinter.Vermont,USWinterinVermontmeansskiingandsnowboarding.Manyresorts(度假胜地)havegreatlyupgradedtheirsnowmakingabilitiesaspartofa$15millionstatewideprogramthatreplacedmanyoutdatedsnowgunswithnew,low-energymodels.Thesenewmachineswillalsoimprovethequalityofsnowsurfacesandlengthentheseason,meaningthiswillbeoneofthebestwintersforskiingandridinginVermontinrecentmemory.21.Whatsimilaritiesdothefirsttwoplaceshave?A.Theyaredecoratedwithlights.B.Theyoffersnowsculptures.C.Theyhavethree-dayfestivals.D.Theyareextremelycold.22.WhichprovidesagoodchancetobuyaChristmasgift?A.Harbin.B.Lyon.C.Lima.D.Vermont.23.What’snewtotheresortsinVermont?A.Skiingandsnowboarding.B.Alongerwinter.C.Cookingschools.D.UpdatedequipmentBI’veworkedinthefactoriessurroundingmyhometowneverysummersinceIgraduatedfromhighschool,butmakingthetransition(转变)betweenschoolandfulltimeblue-collarworkduringthebreaknevergetsanyeasier.Forastudentlikemewhoconsidersanyclassbeforenoontobeuncivilized,gettingtoafactoryby6o’clockeachmorningistorture.MyfriendsneverseemtounderstandwhyI’msorelievedtobebackatschoolorthatmysummervacationhasbeenanythingbutavacation.There’refewpeopleasself-confidentasacollegestudentwhohasneverbeenoutintherealworld.Peoplemyagealwaysseemtooverestimatethevalueoftheirtimeandknowledge.Infact,alltheclassesdidnotpreparemeformybattleswiththemachineIranintheplant,whichwouldjamwheneverIabsent-mindedlyputinapartbackwardorupsidedown.Themoststressfulthingaboutblue-collarlifeisknowingyourjobcoulddisappearovernight.Issueslikedownsizing(裁员)andoverseasrelocationhadalwaysseemeddistanttomeuntilmyco-workerstoldmethattheunitIwasworkinginwouldshutdownwithinsixmonthsandmovetoMexico,wherepeoplewouldworkfor60centsanhour.Afterworking12-hourshiftsinafactory,theotheroptionshavebecomeonlytooclear.WhenI’mbackattheuniversity,skippingclassesandturninginlazyre-writesseemstooirresponsibleafterseeingwhatIwouldbedoingwithoutschool.Alltheadviceandpublic-serviceannouncementsaboutthevalueofaneducationthatusedtosoundstalenowringtrue.TheselessonsI’mlearning,howevervaluable,arealwaystinged(带有)withsenseofguilt.ManypeoplepasstheirlivesintheplaceswhereIbrieflywork,spending30yearswhereIspendonlytwomonthsatatime.“Thisjobpayswell,butit’shellonthebody,”saidoneco-worker.“Studyhardandkeepreading,”sheadded.MyexperiencesinthefactorieshaveinspiredmetomakethemostofmycollegeyearsbeforeIentertherealworldforgood.24.Howdidtheauthorlookbackonhissummerdayswhileatcollege?A.Theybroughthimnothingbuttorture.B.Theywerenoholidayforhimatall.C.Theywerearelieffromhishardworkatschool.D.Theyofferedhimachancetoknowmorepeople.25.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcollegestudents?A.Theyexpecttoomuchfromtherealworld.B.Theyhavelittleinterestinblue-collarlife.C.Theythinktoohighlyofthemselves.D.Theyareconfidentoftheirfuture.26.What,accordingtotheauthor,ismostfrustratingforblue-collarworkers?A.Theydonothavejobsecurity.B.Theydonotgetdecentpay.C.Theyhavetowork12-hourshifts.D.Theyhavetomovefromplacetoplace.27.Inwhatimportantwayhastheauthor’sworkexperiencechangedhim?A.Helearnedtobemorepractical.B.Heacquiredasenseofurgency.C.Hecametorespectblue-collarworkers.D.Hecametoappreciatehiscollegeeducation.CPresidentCoolidge’sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday—thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestige(威望)inAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopoly(垄断)ofpower.Incontrasttooneall-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers’dollars,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracy(民主)inpreservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocratic(贵族的)ideaofinheritedprivilege.28.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans________.A.AmericaisagreatpowerinworldbusinessB.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericansC.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerceD.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment29.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly_______.A.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedomB.whengivenequalityofopportunityC.bywayofcompetitionD.throughdoingbusiness30.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?A.Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom.B.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment.C.Honestbusinessmen.D.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.31.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves___________.A.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone’ssocialstatusB.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmericaC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesDPeoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It’snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalledbehaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthatlikemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.32.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem__________________.A.whyone’sbehaviorsdifferfromothers’B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligenceC.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheoriesD.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy33.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby________________.A.approaches B.advocates C.principles D.characters34.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.35.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores____________.A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantagesB.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligenceC.areanindicationoftheblacks’poorintelligenceD.havenothingtodowithfactorsotherthaninstincts第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallyrelatedtoautomationandthelossofjobs,butarecentsurveyfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatingorreplacinghumanactivities.HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees.BetterhiringpracticesCompaniesareusingAItoremovesomeunconsciousbias(偏见)fromhiringdecisions.ThereareexperimentsthatshowthattheresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes.36OnecompanycalledBlendoorusesAItohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.MoreeffectivemarketingSomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimize(优化)marketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentintermsofemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreintaxation.37Thesearetoolsthathelppeopleusedata.SavingcustomersmoneyEnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills.Companiescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirinsurancefeesonAImodelsthatspotrisksmoreaccurately.38Ortheywouldchargetoolittleandthenitwouldcostthecompanymoney.ImprovedaccuracyMachinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatisticswhichmakesdatamorevaluable.Ithelpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”39Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts(合同),isfasterandmoreaccurate.Protectingandmaintaininginfrastructure(基础设施)Anumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAlimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailurebeforetheyhappen.”Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it’sveryexpensive,”saysDomingos.40A.AIreplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformation.B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontracts.C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillleadtobestresults.D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.E.Before,theymightnotensuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch.F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingapplicants.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Lifeisprecious....Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife,andiftheyentrustmewiththatlife,howcouldIrefusethat41,sayingI’mcold,hungry,ortired?”ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthis42woman,andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhard43.Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwasdeeply44byhermother’sdeath.Atage18,45followingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrother46,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.Eightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekinghighestprize.She47becamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianinthePUMCinEuropeandthen,intheUS.Shegreatly48herAmericancolleagues,whoinvitedhertostay.DrLin,however,49theoffer.Shewantedtoservethewomenandchildren50.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChina51DrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.ShewaselectedtobethefirstNationalPeople’sCongressandheldmanyimportant52.Herheart,however,was53.Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients,publishingmedicalresearchandtrainingdoctors.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried,shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies,”havingdeliveredover50.000babiesinherlifetime.DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshe54,22April1983.Evenasshelaydying,her55thoughtswereforothers.41.A.belief B.trust C.feeling D.virtue42.A.old B.professional C.amazing D.single43.A.choices B.times C.facts D.businesses44.A.encouraged B.touched C.disturbed D.affected45.A.regardlessof B.insteadof C.aheadof D.inspiteof46.A.doubted B.wondered C.complained D.insisted47.A.immediately B.surprisingly C.eventually D.suddenly48.A.envied B.shocked C.appreciated D.impressed49.A.disliked B.rejected C.withdrew D.made50.A.inneed B.atschool C.inhospital D.athome51.A.prevented B.had C.saw D.caught52.A.positions B.activities C.meetings D.records53.A.nowhere B.anywhere C.everywhere D.elsewhere54.A.passedaway B.passedby C.passedout D.passedoff55.A.real B.final C.positive D.anxious第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wereyouthefirstorthelastchildinyourfamily?Orwereyouamiddleoranonlychild?Somepeoplethink56matterswhereyouwereborninyourfamily.Buttherearedifferentideasabout57birthordermeans.Somepeoplesaythattheoldestchildren,58aresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely59(succeed).Thereason60thisissimple.Parentshavealotoftimeforthefirstchildandgivehimorheralotofattention.Anonlychildwillsucceedfor61samereason.Whathappenstotheotherchildreninthefamily?62(lose)inthecrowdsometimes,middlechildrendon’tgetsomuchattentionwhenafamilyhasmanychildren,sotheydon’tfeelthatimportant.Theyoungestchild,however,oftengetsspecial63(treat).Oftenthischildgrowsuptobefunny.Butarecentstudysawthingsquite64(difference).Thestudyfoundthatfirstchildrenbelievedinfamilyrules.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusually65(follow)orders.Rulesdidn’tmeanasmuchtolaterchildreninthefamily.Theytookchancesandtheyoftendidbetterinlife.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华。北京时间2021年6月17日9时22分，神舟十二号载人飞船成功发射，请你写一封邮件向同为航天爱好者的英国笔友Mike分享这个消息，内容包括：1.神舟十二号载人飞船的历史意义（空间站建造阶段的首次载人飞行任务、三名航天员将完成为期三个月的天和核心舱驻留等）；2.你的感想。参考词汇：神舟十二号飞船ShenzhouXIIspacecraft；空间站建设阶段spacestationconstructionphase；天和核心舱Tianhecoremodule注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMike,Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Twomen,bothseriouslyill,occupiedthesamehospitalroom.OnemancalledBenwasallowedtositupinhisbedforanhoureachafternoontohelpdrainthefluidfromhislungs.Hisbedwasnexttotheroom’sonlywindow.Theotherman,Leo,hadtospendallhistimeflatonhisback.Thementalkedforhoursonend.Theyspokeoftheirwivesandfamilies,theirhomes,theirjobs,theirinvolvementinthemilitaryservice,wheretheyhadbeenonvacation.AndeveryafternoonwhenBensatup,hewouldpassthetimebydescribingtohisroommateallthethingshecouldseeoutsidethewindow.Leobegantoliveforthoseone-hourperiodswherehisworldwouldbebroadenedandlightenedbyalltheactivityandcoloroftheworldoutside.Thewindowoverlookedaparkwithalovelylake.Ducksandswansplayedonthewaterwhilechildrensailedtheirmodelboats.Youngloverswalkedarminarmamidstflowersofeverycoloroftherainbow.Grandoldtreesgracedthelandscape,andafineviewofthecityskylinecouldbeseeninthedistance.AsBendescribedallthisinexquisitedetail,Leowouldclosehiseyesandimaginethepicturesquescene.OnewarmafternoonBensatupwithhiselbowsanddescribedaparade(巡游)passingby.AlthoughLeocouldn’theartheband–hecouldseeitinhismind’seyeasthegentlemanbythewindowportrayeditwithdescriptivewords.Eachtimethenursesawthewarmandtouchingscene,shewasalwaysstruckbydevotedfriendshipbetweenthesetwomen.Daysandweekspassed.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Onemorning,thenursearrivedtocheckthetwomen,onlytofindthelifelessbodyofBen.However,hecouldseenothingbutablankwallofanotherbuilding.

英语参考答案一、阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节（共20题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）21–23ABD 24–27BCAD 28–31BCDA 32–35ABCD第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)36–40GCEBD二、语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)41-45BCADB 46-50CADBD 51-55CADAB第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)56.it 57.what 58.who 59.tosu