2014级构词法幻灯上学期

※

nano-纳,毫微,10-9

※micro-微,10-6※

milli-毫,10-3

※centi-厘,10-2※deci-分,10-1

※deca-十,10※kilo-千,103※-liter升

※meter米※gram克

microliter

micrometermicrogram

millilitermillimetermilligram

deciliterdecimeterdecigram

nanoliternanometernanogram

centilitercentimetercentigram

decaliterdecameterdecagram

kiloliterkilometerkilogram※hemi-,semi-½

※mono-,haplo-,hen-,uni-1※

di-,bi-,duo-,bis-2※tri-,triplo-,ter-3※

tetra-,quarto-,quadri-4※

meth-甲eth-乙prop-丙but-丁

penta-戊,5

hexa-己,6

hepta-庚,7

octa-辛,8nona-壬,9deca-癸,10

un(hen)deca11dodeca12trideca13

tetradeca14octadeca18nondeca19

eicosa20heneicosa21docosa22tricosa23tetracosa24pentacosa25

※

-ane烷

-ene烯

-yne炔

-yl基

alkyl

['ælkaɪl;-kɪl]烷基

alkane['ælkein]烷烃

alkene['ælki:n]烯烃alkyne['ælkain]炔烃

propane['prəupein]丙烷

propene

丙烯['prəʊpiːn]propyne['prəupain]丙炔

propyl['prəʊpaɪl;-pɪl]丙基;丙烷基※-ol醇

pentadiol戊二醇

propanetriol[prə'pænətriəul]丙三醇;甘油

※

-enol烯醇

propenol['prəupənɔl;-nəu]丙烯醇※

cyclo-环

cycloalkane[,saɪkləʊ'ælkeɪn]环烷烃

cyclopropene

环丙烯

cycloalkene

环烯烃

cycloalkyne

环炔烃

※

one,ket-酮

ketone['ki:təun]

cyclohexanone[,saikləu'heksənəun]环己酮※

ald-,-al,aldehyde

醛

formaldehyde[fɔ:'mældihaid],methanal

['meθənæl]甲醛

propanal

[prə'pænəl]丙醛

butanal丁醛

benzaldehyde[ben'zældɪhaɪd]苯甲醛;安息香醛

aldosterone[æl'dɒstərəʊn]醛固酮★

Result

showedthat

both

oils

contain

alkane,

alcohol,

ester,

ketone,

acid,

phenolandalkene,['estə]酯['fiːnɒl]石碳酸;苯酚andthe

maincomponents主要成分are

tricosane,pentacosane二十五烷and

heptacosane.['traikəsein]二十三烷

[hep'tækəsein]二十七烷

★

Aldosteroneisahormonesecretedbytheadrenal

cortex肾上腺皮质thatregulateselectrolyte[ə'driːn(ə)l]

['kɔːteks][ɪ'lektrəlaɪt]电解质andwaterbalancebyincreasingtherenal

['riːn(ə)l]肾(脏)的retention保留,滞留ofsodium

['səʊdɪəm]钠andtheexcretion[ɪk'skriːʃ(ə)n;ek-]

排泄(物);分泌(物)ofpotassium

[pə'tæsɪəm]钾.methylmethanemethanolethylethaneethylene,ethene

ethanolethanalethynepropylpropylene,propenepropanolpropanediolpropanetriolpropynepropanedialpropanone

cyclopropylcyclopropanebutylbutylene,butenebutadienebutanediolbutanedialbutanonebutanedionebutynebutanolcyclobutylcyclobutanecyclobutenecyclobutadienecyclobutanone

pentylpentanepentylene,pentenepentadienepentenolpentanolpentanediol

pentanalpentanedialpentanonepentanedionepentynepentanediynecyclopentylcyclopentanecyclopentenecyclopentadienecyclopentanonehexylhexanehexylene,hexenehexadienehexatrienehexanolhexanediolhexenolhexanalhexanedialhexanedionecyclohexylcyclohexanecyclohexenecyclohexadiene※-ose糖saccharide糖;糖类

['sækəraɪd]

monose单糖

monosaccharide

[mɒnə(ʊ)'sækəraɪd]

pentose戊糖

['pentəus]

ribose核糖

['raɪbəʊz;-s]deoxyribose脱氧核糖

[dɪ,ɒksɪ'raɪbəʊz;-s]

hexose['heksəus]己糖

glucose葡萄糖

['gluːkəʊs;-z]

fructose果糖

['frʌktəʊz;-s]

diose二糖,双糖

disaccharide[dai'sækəraid]

maltose麦芽糖['mɔːltəʊz;-s;mɒlt-]sucrose蔗糖['s(j)uːkrəʊz;-əʊs]

lactose乳糖['læktəʊz;-s]

cellobiose纤维二糖

[,seləu'baiəuz]

aldose醛糖

['ældəus]

aldohexose,hexoaldose己醛糖

glucose

[,ældəu'heksəus]

ketose酮糖

['kiːtəʊs]

ketohexose己酮糖

[,ki:təu'heksəus]fructoseoligose寡糖;低聚糖oligosaccharide

['ɔligəus]

[,ɒlɪgə(ʊ)'sækəraɪd]polyose多糖;聚糖

polysaccharide[,pɒlɪ'sækəraɪd]

starch淀粉[stɑːtʃ]

glycogen糖原['glaɪkədʒ(ə)n]

cellulose纤维素['seljʊləʊz;-s]

★Allcarbohydrate[kɑːbə'haɪdreɪt]碳水化合物foods,astheyaredigested,eventuallybreakdownintosimplesugars(monose),suchasglucoseandfructose.★Sucroseisadisaccharide(diose)composedofonemolecule['mɒlɪkjuːl]分子ofglucoseandonemoleculeoffructose.★Themostimportantrepresentativesofdisaccharidesaresucrose,lactose,maltoseandcellobiose.★Glucosewithasix-carbon-atomaldehydesugaristermedanaldohexose.※-ate…盐,酯ester酯

formate

甲酸盐;蚁酸盐['fɔ:meit]

◆ethylformate甲酸乙酯

acetate['æsɪteɪt]醋酸盐;乙酸盐◆

ethylacetate乙酸(醋酸)乙酯

propionate['prəʊpɪəneɪt]丙酸盐;丙酸酯◆

propyl['prəʊpaɪl;-pɪl]

propionate丙酸丙酯

carbonate['kɑːbəneɪt]碳酸盐

◆calcium

['kælsɪəm]carbonate

碳酸钙

◆

barium

['beərɪəm]

carbonate

碳酸钡◆

sodiumcarbonate碳酸钠

bicarbonate[baɪ'kɑːbəneɪt;-nət]碳酸氢盐◆

sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氢钠;小苏打sulfate硫酸盐['sʌlfeit]◆aluminium[æl(j)ʊ'mɪnɪəm]sulfate硫酸铝

◆

bariumsulfatesulfite亚硫酸盐['sʌlfaɪt]◆potassium,sodium+sulfitenitrate硝酸盐['naɪtreɪt]◆silvernitrate硝酸银◆potassium,sodium,aluminium+nitratenitrite

亚硝酸盐['naɪtraɪt]◆sodiumnitrite

phosphate磷酸盐['fɒsfeɪt]◆potassiumdihydrogenphosphate磷酸二氢钾◆

dipotassium

phosphate磷酸氢二钾※hydr-氢,水

hydrocarbon碳氢化合物,烃[,haɪdrə(ʊ)'kɑ:b(ə)n]carbohydrate碳水化合物;糖类[kɑːbə'haɪdreɪt]hydrate水合物['haɪdreɪt]monohydrate一水合物;一水化物

[mɒnə(ʊ)'haɪdreɪt]

dihydrate[dai'haidreit]trihydrate

[trai'haidreit]tetrahydrate[,tetrə'haidrit;-dreit]pentahydrate[,pentə'haidreit]

hexahydrateheptahydratenonahydratedecahydrateoctahydratedodecahydrate[,dəudikə'haidreit]hexaketocyclohexaneoctahydrate

环己六酮八水合物

※oxid-,oxy-氧

oxygen氧气,氧['ɒksɪdʒ(ə)n]oxygenic

氧的,含氧的[,ɑksɪ'dʒɛnɪk]oxidize(使)氧化

['ɒksɪdaɪz]oxidatev.氧化n.氧化物['ɔksideit]oxidant

氧化剂

['ɒksɪd(ə)nt]

reductant

还原剂[rɪ'dʌkt(ə)nt]oxidation-reduction氧化还原(作用)

[,ɔksi'deiʃənri'dʌkʃən]methoxy

甲氧基[mə'θɔksi]ethoxy乙氧基

[e'θɔksi]phenoxy

苯氧基[fɪ'nɒksɪ]

epoxy环氧的[ɪ'pɒksɪ;e-]※carbo-碳

carbon碳

['kɑːb(ə)n]carbonic碳的[kɑː'bɒnɪk]◆carbonicacid碳酸

carbonate

碳酸盐◆

ferrous['ferəs]

carbonate碳酸亚铁

carbohydrate碳水化合物;糖类※

carboxy(l)-

羧基

[kɑː'bɒksaɪl;-sɪl]carboxylate

羧酸盐;羧化物[kɑː'bɒksɪleɪt]carboxylic羧基的[,kɑːbɒk'sɪlɪk]◆carboxylicacid羧酸

1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic

acid

※

carbonyl-羰基;碳酰

['kɑːbənaɪl;-nɪl]

※

hydroxy(l)-羟基

hydroxybenzene

酚;羟基苯

[hai,drɔksi'benzi:n]hexahydroxycyclohexane六羟基环己烷

[,heksəhai'drɔksi,sik-lə'heksein]※de-脱,去,除,离

deaminize

[diː'æmɪnaɪz]vt.使脱去氨基

=deaminate

[diː'æmɪneɪt]deamination[di:,æmi'neiʃən]n去氨基;脱氨基作用

decarboxylate

[,di:kɑ:'bɔksileit]vt.脱羧基

decarboxylation['diːkɑː,bɒksɪ'leɪʃən]n脱羧

dehydrate(使)脱水

[diː'haɪdreɪt]dehydration[,diːhaɪ'dreɪʃən]n※

deoxy-,desoxy-脱氧,去氧

de(s)oxyribose

脱氧核糖pentosedeoxyriboside脱氧核(糖核)苷['raibəsaid]

deoxyribotide脱氧核(糖核)苷酸['raibətaid]

deoxyribonucleic脱氧核糖核的

[di:'ɔksi,raibəu'nju:kli:ik]

◆DNA:deoxyribonucleic

acid

◆

RNA:ribonucleicacid核糖核酸

desoxymorphine脱氧吗啡

['mɔːfiːn]

※

dehydro-脱氢,去氢[di:'haidrəu]

dehydroandrosterone

脱氢雄甾酮aldosterone

[,ændrə(ʊ)'stɪərəʊn;æn'drɒstərəʊn]※

-ide

…化物

hydride氢化物

['haɪdraɪd]oxide

氧化物['ɒksaɪd]monoxide一氧化物[mə'nɒksaɪd]dioxide二氧化物[daɪ'ɒksaɪd]◆carbon+monoxide,dioxidetrioxide[traɪ'ɒksaɪd]

◆

arsenic

['ɑːs(ə)nɪk]

trioxide

三氧化二砷

tetraoxide四氧化物

pentaoxide五氧化物◆

phosphorus

['fɒsf(ə)rəs]pentaoxide五氧化二磷

epoxide环氧化物[ɪ'pɒksaɪd]◆epoxideresin['rezɪn]

环氧树脂

※-ase酶

enzyme

['enzaɪm]

oxidoreductase氧化还原酶['ɔksidəuri'dʌkteis]oxidase

氧化酶

['ɒksɪdeɪz]◆monoamineoxidase,MAO

单胺氧化酶

[,mɒnəʊ'eɪmiːn]

单胺◆

polyphenoloxidase,PPO多酚氧化酶多酚[,pɔli'fi:'nɔl]◆catecholoxidase儿茶酚氧化酶

['kætɪtʃɒl;-kɒl]

儿茶酚,邻苯二酚reductase

[rɪ'dʌkteɪz]还原酶◆

nitrate

reductase◆

nitrite

['naɪtraɪt]亚硝酸盐

reductase◆

HMGCoAreductase羟甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶

hydroxymethylglutarylcoenzymeA2.

transferase转移酶

['trænsf(ə)reɪz;'trɑːns-]methyltransferase,MT甲基转移酶[,meθil'trænsfəreis]◆phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase苯乙醇胺phenylethylamine苯乙胺◆T['kætɪtʃɒl;-kɒl]儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶catecholamine儿茶酚胺[,kætɪ'kəʊləmiːn]transaminase=aminotransferase转氨酶,氨基转移酶[træn'zæmɪneɪz(s)][ə,miːnəʊ'trænsfəreɪs]acetyltransferase乙酰转移酶kinase激酶['kaɪneɪz]3.hydrolase

水解酶

['haidrəleis]

nuclease核酸酶

['njuːklɪeɪz]

cellulase

纤维素酶

['seljʊleɪz]

amylase淀粉酶

['æmɪleɪz]maltase麦芽糖酶['mɒlteɪz;'mɔːl-]protease蛋白酶['prəʊtɪeɪz]

peptidase肽酶['peptɪdeɪz]

lipase

脂肪酶['lɪpeɪz(s);’laɪp-]phosphatase

磷酸酶['fɒsfəteɪz(s)]glycosidase糖苷酶[ɡlai'kəusideis]

esterase酯酶['estəreɪz]

cholinesterase胆碱酯酶[,kəʊlɪ'nestəreɪz]acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶4.lyase

裂合酶,裂解酶

['laɪeɪz]hydrase水化酶

['haidreis]deaminase

脱氨酶

[di:'æmineis]decarboxylase

脱羧酶◆aromatic

aminoacid

芳香族氨基酸decarboxylase[ærə'mætɪk]芳香的,芳香族的◆

histidine['hɪstɪdiːn]组氨酸decarboxylase

→histamine

['hɪstəmiːn]组胺

◆dopa

['dəʊpə]多巴

decarboxylase→dopamine

['dəʊpəmiːn]多巴胺synthase

['sɪnθeɪz,-s]合酶◆

citrate['sɪtreɪt]synthase

柠檬酸合酶

◆nitric

oxide

synthase(NOS)一氧化氮合酶oxygenase加氧酶,氧合酶['ɒksɪdʒəneɪs]cyclooxygenase(COX)环氧合酶,环氧(化)酶

[,saikləu'ɔksidʒineis]5.isomerase异构酶

[aɪ'sɑməreɪs]

racemase消旋酶

['reɪsmeɪs]

epimerase差向异构酶

[i'piməreis]

mutase变位酶

['mjʊteis]

topoisomerase拓扑异构酶

[tɔpɔi'sʌməreiz]6.ligase

连接酶,合成酶

['lɪgeɪz,laɪ-](+ATP)synthetase合成酶['sɪnθɪtez]carboxylase羧(化)酶[kɑː'bɒksɪleɪz]

◆

pyruvate

carboxylase丙酮酸羧化酶

[paɪ'ruːveɪt]丙酮酸盐,丙酮酸酯

★

Nitric

['naɪtrɪk](含)氮的oxide(NO)

plays

animportant

role

in

cardiovascularsystem.[,kɑːdɪəʊ'væskjʊlə]心血管的

Nitric

oxide

synthase(NOS)is

thekeyenzymeduringthe

synthesis

['sɪnθɪsɪs]

合成process

ofNO.

★Maltasecancatalyzethehydrolysisofmaltose

['kætəlaɪz]催化[haɪ'drɒlɪsɪs]水解作用

totwo

glucoses.

★

Amylase

and

lipase

valuestypically

willbe

elevated

in

the

early

or

acute

stage

ofpancreatitis.pancreas

['pæŋkrɪəs]胰腺[,pæŋkrɪə'taɪtɪs]胰腺炎

★The

salicylate

hydroxylasecan

catalyze

the

[sə'lɪsɪlət]水杨酸[hai'drɔksileis]羟化酶

decarboxylationandhydroxylationof

salicylate

to

[‘diːkɑː,bɒksɪ’leɪʃən]脱羧

[haidrɔksi‘leiʃən]

羟基化

form

catechol.★

Lowtemperature

reducedthe

activities

ofthe

enzymes

related

to

fiber

synthesis,includingphenylalaninedeaminase,polyphenol

oxidase,

[,fiːnaɪl'æləniːn;fenɪl-]

苯(基)丙氨酸

[di'æmineis]脱氨(基)酶cinnamyl

alcoholdehydrogenase肉桂醇脱氢酶and

[si'næmil]

肉桂基

cinnamon['sɪnəmən]肉桂

peroxidase[pə'rɒksɪdeɪz]过氧化物酶.

★Someimportantcatecholamines儿茶酚胺类

suchas

epinephrine,norepinephrine

anddopamine[,epɪ'nefrɪ(ː)n]肾上腺素,[,nɔːrepɪ'nefrɪ(ː)n]去甲肾上腺素

canbemetabolized[mɪ'tæbəlaɪz]代谢

bycatechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT)andmonoamineoxidase(MAO).※acet-乙酰

acetic醋酸的

[ə'si:tik]◆aceticacid醋酸,乙酸

◆

glacial['gleɪsɪəl;-ʃ(ə)l]

aceticacid冰醋酸

◆

dilute[dai'lju:t;di-]

aceticacid稀醋酸

acetaldehyde[,æsi'tældihaid]乙醛

acetate乙(醋)酸盐acetone丙酮※acetyl-乙酰基

['æsɪtaɪl;-tɪl]

acetylcholine乙酰胆碱

[ə,si:til'kəuli:n]acetylcholinesterase,AChE乙酰胆碱酯酶

[ə'si:til,kəuli'nestəreis]

acetylate[ə'setɪleɪt]vt乙酰化n乙酰化物

acetylationn乙酰化(作用)acetylcoenzymeA,

acetyl-CoA乙酰辅酶Aacetyltransferaseacetyloxy

★Acetylcholineisakindofneurotransmitters.[,njʊərəʊtrænz'mɪtə]

神经递质Itissynthesizedinthecytoplasmfrom['sɪnθəsaɪz]合成['saɪtə(ʊ)plæz(ə)m]

细胞质

acetyl-CoAandcholinethroughthecatalyticaction

胆碱

[,kætə'lɪtɪk]起催化作用的

oftheenzyme-cholineacetyltransferase(ChAT).

胆碱乙酰转移酶Acetyl-CoAissynthesizedinmitochondriawhich

[,maɪtəʊ'kɒndrɪə]线粒体,

arepresentinlargenumbersinthenerveending.Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)isanenzymethatcatalyzesthehydrolysisofacetylcholinetocholineandacetate.※phen-,benz-苯

benzene,benzolphenyl苯基

['fiːnaɪl;'fenɪl]

phenobarbital苯巴比妥

[,fiːnə(ʊ)'bɑːbɪt(ə)l;,fenə(ʊ)'bɑːbɪt(ə)l]phenylamine,aminobenzene

苯胺

[,fenələ'miːn]

[ə,mi:nəu'benzi:n]benzyl苯甲基;苄基

['benzaɪl;-zɪl]

◆benzylpenicillin青霉素G;苄青霉素

[,bɛnzɪl,pɛnɪ'sɪlɪn]benzoic苯甲酸的;安息香的[ben'zəʊɪk]◆benzoic

acid苯甲酸;安息香酸◆

aspirin阿司匹林(解热镇痛药)['æsp(ə)rɪn]

(2-acetyloxy)benzoicacid乙酰水杨酸

acetylsalicylicacid[sæli'silik],ASA◆3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic

acid

没食子酸;五倍子酸Aspirin

(acetylsalicylicacid;ASA)◆Clinicaluses临床应用:Analgesia镇痛,Antipyresis解热,andAnti-inflammatory抗炎Effects

analgesia

[,æn(ə)l'dʒiːzɪə]n.痛觉缺失

algesia

[æl'dʒi:ziə,-siə]痛觉,感觉过敏

anti-inflammatoryadj.抗炎的n.抗炎药

inflammatory[ɪn'flæmət(ə)rɪ]adj.炎症性的

★

Aspirinisemployedformildtomoderatepainofvariedoriginbutisnoteffectiveforsevere

visceral['vɪs(ə)r(ə)l]内脏的

pain.

AspirinandotherNSAIDs(NonsteroidalAnti-inflammatoryDrugs非甾体抗炎药)

nonsteroidal[,nɔnstə'rɔidəl]非甾类化合物的,非类固醇的steroid

['stɪərɒɪd;'sterɒɪd]类固醇;甾族化合物havebeencombinedwithopioidanalgesics

opioid['əʊpɪɒɪd]类鸦片,阿片样物质,阿片类

analgesic[,æn(ə)l'dʒiːzɪk;-sɪk]镇痛药

fortreatmentofcancerpain,wheretheiranti-inflammatoryeffectsactsynergistically协同地

synergistic[,sɪnə'dʒɪstɪk]adj.协同的,协作的,协同作用withtheopioidstoenhanceanalgesia镇痛.High-dosesalicylateareeffectivefortreatmentofrheumaticfever风湿热,

rheumatoid类风湿性

arthritis

andotherinflammatoryjoint关节

conditions.rheumatic[rʊ'mætɪk]

风湿病(患者);风湿病的,风湿病引起的

rheumatoid['ruːmətɒɪd]

患风湿症的,类风湿性的

arthritis[ɑː'θraɪtɪs]关节炎B.OtherEffects★Aspirindecreasestheincidence

发病率oftransientischemicattacks短暂性脑缺血发作,unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛,coronaryarterythrombosis冠状动脉血栓形成withmyocardialinfarction心肌梗死,心肌梗塞,andthrombosisaftercoronaryarterybypassgrafting冠状动脉旁路移植术.Epidemiologicstudies流行病学研究

suggestthatlong-termuseofaspirinatlowdosageisassociatedwithalowerincidenceofcoloncancer结肠癌,possiblyrelatedtoitscyclooxygenase(COX)-inhibitingeffects.

incidence发病率['ɪnsɪd(ə)ns]transient短暂的

['trænzɪənt]ischemic

缺血性的,局部缺血的

[ɪs'kimɪk]unstable不稳定的,动荡的,易变的

[ʌn'steɪb(ə)l]angina心绞痛[æn'dʒaɪnə]coronary冠的,冠状的

['kɒr(ə)n(ə)rɪ]artery动脉['ɑːtərɪ]arterial动脉的

[ɑː'tɪərɪəl]thrombosis血栓形成,血栓症

[θrɒm'bəʊsɪs]myocardial心肌的

[,maɪəʊ'kɑːdɪəl]infarction梗塞,梗塞形成,梗死形成[ɪn'fɑːkʃ(ə)n]epidemiologic流行病学的['epi,di:miə'lɔdʒik,-kəl]dosage剂量,用量['dəʊsɪdʒ]colon结肠

['kəʊlən]※nitr-硝基

nitrous

氮的,硝石的,含氮的['naɪtrəs]nitrobenzene

硝基苯

[,naɪtrəʊ'benziːn]nitrocellulose

硝化纤维

[,naɪtrəʊ'seljʊləʊz;-ləʊs]

nitrophenol硝基酚

[,naɪtrə'fi:nɔl;-nəul]nitrite

亚硝酸盐['naɪtraɪt]

nitrate

硝酸盐['naɪtreɪt]

◆isosorbidedinitrate硝酸异山梨酯,消心痛

sorbic

['sɔ:bik]acid山梨酸,2,4-己二烯酸

sorbitol

['sɔːbɪtɒl]山梨醇,山梨糖醇

nitroglycerin

硝酸甘油

['naɪtrə'glɪsərɪn]

nitroprusside硝普盐

[,naitrə'prusaid]

★

Sodiumnitroprussideisapowerfulparenterally(parenteral

[pə'rent(ə)r(ə)l]肠胃外的,不经肠道的,注射用药物的)

administeredvasodilatorthatisusedintreating

给药[,veɪzəʊ'daɪleɪtə]血管舒张药

hypertensiveemergencies高血压急症aswellassevereheartfailure.★

Nitroprussidedilatesbotharterialandvenous

[daɪ'leɪt]使扩大动脉的['viːnəs]静脉的vessels,resultinginreducedperipheralvascularresistance外周血管阻力

andvenousreturn.Theactionoccursasaresultofactivationofguanylylcyclase鸟苷酸环化酶,eitherviareleaseofnitricoxideorbydirectstimulationoftheenzyme.

※amin-氨,氨基

aminoacid氨基酸[ə,mi:nəu'æsid]aminoacetic

acid

氨基乙酸,甘氨酸Glycine,Glyaminobenzene氨基苯,苯胺[ə,mi:nəu'benzi:n]

para-aminobenzoic

acid,PABA对氨基苯甲酸

aminobenzoate

氨基苯甲酸盐

◆

Sodium4-aminobenzoateaminosalicylic[ə'mi:nəu,sæli'silik]acid

氨基水杨酸◆

p-aminosalicylic

acid,PAS对氨基水杨酸

aminosalicylate

氨基水杨酸盐

[sə'lɪsɪleɪt]aminolysis氨解(作用)(-lysis水解)aminotransferase

转氨酶,氨基转移酶

ammonia氨,氨气,氨水[ə'məunjə]

※

amine胺

['eɪmiːn]

primaryamine伯胺,一级胺

RNH2

secondaryamine仲胺,二级胺R2NH

tertiary['tɜːʃ(ə)rɪ]amine叔胺,三级胺R3N

quaternaryamine季铵盐,四级铵盐类R4N+X－

[kwə'tɜːn(ə)rɪ]

methylamine,aminomethane甲胺gasdimethylamine二甲胺[dai,meθilə'mi:n]gasethylamine,aminoethane乙胺liquid

diethylamine二乙胺

[,daie'θiləmi:n]liquid2-methoxyethylamine2-甲氧基乙胺

ethambutol,EMB

乙胺丁醇

[e'θæmbjʊtɒl]

cyclohexylamine环己胺[,saikləuhek'siləmi:n]diphenylamine二苯胺[daɪ'fiːnaɪlə,miːn;-'fenɪl-]trimethylamine三甲胺

[traɪ,mɛθɪlə'min]triethylamine三乙胺

[traɪ,ɛθəl'læmɪn]diethanolamine二乙醇胺(HOCH2CH2)2NHtriethanolamine三乙醇胺(HOCH2CH2)3Nmonoamineoxidase,MAO

单胺氧化酶phenylethylamine

苯乙胺['fɛnɪl,iθaɪlə'min]phenylethanolamine

苯乙醇胺catecholamine儿茶酚胺[,kætɪ'kəʊləmiːn]

adrenaline,epinephrine

肾上腺素A,E

noradrenaline,norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素NA,NEdopamine※

ammonium铵

[ə'məʊnɪəm]ammoniumdihydrogenphosphate,ADP

磷酸二氢铵NH4H2PO4

diammoniumhydrogenphosphate

磷酸氢二铵(NH4)2HPO4ammoniumacetate醋酸铵,乙酸铵

ammoniumchloride,ammoniachloride氯化铵※

-amide酰胺['eɪmaɪd;'æmaɪd]

formamide甲酰胺[fɔ'mæmaid]N,Ndimethylformamide(DMF)

acetamide乙酰胺

[ə'siːtəmaɪd;ə'set-]

cyclophosphamide环磷酰胺

[,saɪklə'fɑsfə,maɪd]※

acyl-酰基

acylhalide

酰卤

['heɪlaɪd]['hælɪd]

acylchloride

酰氯※

fluor-氟

fluorine

['flʊəriːn;'flɔː-]fluoricacid氢氟酸※

brom-溴

bromine

['brəʊmiːn]bromoform溴仿,三溴甲烷

['bromə,fɔrm]=tribromethanebromobenzene

溴苯

[,brəumə'benzi:n]※

chlor-氯

chlorine['klɔːriːn]chlorethylene氯乙烯

chloroform

氯仿

['klɔːrəfɔːm;'klɒr-]=trichlormethane※

iod-碘;碘代

iodine['aɪədiːn;-aɪn;-ɪn]iodoform碘仿,三碘甲烷

[aɪ'əʊdə(ʊ)fɔːm;'aɪədə(ʊ)-;aɪ'ɒdə(ʊ)-]=triiodomethane

['traɪaɪ,əʊdəʊ'miːθeɪn]※hal-卤代,卤(素),盐

halogen

卤素['hælədʒ(ə)n;'heɪl-]（-gen产生…物质）

halogenelements

卤族元素

FluorineChlorineBromineIodine['flʊəriːn;'flɔː-]['klɔːriːn]['brəʊmiːn]['aɪədiːn]halide

卤化物['heɪlaɪd]

FluorideChlorideBromideIodide

['flʊəraɪd;flɔː-]['brəʊmaɪd]['aɪədaɪd]

hydrofluoride

氢氟化物

hydrochloride

氢氯化物

[,haɪdrə(ʊ)'klɔːraɪd]hydrobromide

氢溴化物

[,haidrəu'brəumaid]

hydroiodide

氢碘化物

alkylhalide

卤代烃,卤代烷['ælkaɪl;-kɪl]※

thi-硫

thioether硫醚

[,θaiəu'i:θə]

thiol

巯基;硫醇R-SH['θaɪɒl]thiosulfate硫代硫酸盐[,θaɪəʊ'sʌlfeɪt]

◆sodiumthiosulfate,Na2S2O3

※

sulf-硫,磺基

sulfur

硫(磺)['sʌlfɚ]◆sulfurdioxidesulfuric(正)硫的

[sʌl'fjʊərɪk]◆sulfuricacid硫酸

sulfurous亚硫的['sʌlfərəs]◆sulfurous

acid亚硫酸sulfate

硫酸盐◆

ammonium,barium,sodium,potassium+sulfatebisulfate硫酸氢盐◆ammoniumbisulfateNH4HSO4sulfite亚硫酸盐◆

sodium,potassium+sulfite

bisulfite

亚硫酸氢盐

◆

potassiumbisulfiteKHSO3

sulfide

硫化物

◆

hydrogensulfide

H2S

★

Thereare

six

common

airpollutants:

ozone

['əʊzəʊn]臭氧,

nitrogen

dioxide,carbonmonoxide,

lead

铅,

sulfur

dioxide

and

particulatematter粉尘.

★Hydrogen

sulfide

is

a

molecule

consisting

of

twohydrogen

atoms

and

onesulfur

atom.

sulfone

砜;磺基['sʌlfəʊn]◆dimethylsulfone,MSM

二甲基砜

CH3·SO2·CH3◆diethylsulfone二乙基砜(C2H5)2SO2

◆ethylphenylsulfone苯乙砜C6H5·SO2·C2H5sulfoxide亚砜[sʌlf'ɒksaɪd◆

dimethylsulfoxide,DMSO

二甲基亚砜

(CH3)2SO

[dai'meθil]

[daɪ'miːθaɪl]

◆diethyl[dai'eθil]sulfoxide,DESO

二乙基亚砜sulfonic

磺(基)的[sʌl'fəʊnɪk]◆sulfonicacid磺酸R-SO3H◆methyl,methanesulfonicacid

甲(基)磺酸CH3SO3H

sulfonamide

磺胺,磺酰胺[sʌl'fɒnəmaɪd]◆

p-aminophenylsulfonamide

对氨基苯磺酰胺※

cyan-氰['saɪən]cyanic氰的;含氰的

[saɪ'ænɪk]

◆cyanicacid氰酸H-O-C≡N

HCNO

◆sulfocyanicacid=thiocyanicacid硫氰酸HSCN

cyanate

氰酸盐

thio,sulfocyanate

硫氰酸盐◆

potassiumcyanate氰酸钾KCNO◆potassiumthiocyanate硫氰酸钾KSCNcyanide氰化物

['saɪənaɪd]◆hydrogencyanide氢氰酸HCN

◆sodium,potassium+cyanideNaCN,KCN◆potassiumferricyanide铁氰化钾K3[Fe(CN)6]

◆potassiumferrocyanide亚铁氰化钾

=potassiumhexacyanoferrate(II)trihydrate

三水合六氰合铁(Ⅱ)酸钾K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O

fluor-

氟fluorine['flʊəriːn;'flɔː-]chlor-氯chlorine['klɔːriːn]brom-溴

bromine['brəʊmiːn]

iod-碘iodine['aɪədiːn;-aɪn;-ɪn]carb-碳carbonhydr-氢hydrogenoxy-氧oxygen

nitr-氮nitrogensulf-

硫sulfur

['sʌlfɚ]phosph-磷phosphorus

['fɒsf(ə)rəs]silic-硅silicon

['sɪlɪk(ə)n]bor-硼boron

['bɔːrɒn]natr-钠

natrium['neɪtrɪəm];sodiumkal-钾

kalium

['keɪlɪəm];potassiumcalc-钙calcium

['kælsɪəm]magnes-镁magnesium

[mæg'niːzɪəm]

arsen-砷arsenic砒霜

['ɑːs(ə)nɪk]mercur-汞mercury水银['mɝkjəri]chrom-铬

chromium

['krəʊmɪəm]arg-银

argentum

[ɑː'dʒentəm]bar-钡

barium['beərɪəm]sider,ferr-铁

ferrum['ferəm];ironferro-铁2+ferri-铁3+calciumcarbonate碳酸钙sodiumhydroxide氢氧化钠argentumnitricum硝酸银silvernitratearsenictrioxide三氧化二砷boricacid硼酸borate硼酸盐bariumsulfate硫酸钡magnesiumoxide氧化镁silicane,silane

硅烷silica,silicondioxide

二氧化硅potassiumchromate铬酸钾mercurybichloride氯化汞ferricoxide氧化铁monopotassiumphosphate磷酸二氢钾※

furan呋喃

['fjʊəræn]tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃

thiophene

噻吩['θaɪəfiːn]]pyrrole['pɪrəʊl]吡咯,azole

['æzəʊl]唑※

imidazole

咪唑[,ɪmɪ'deɪzəʊl]pyrazole吡唑

['paɪərəzəʊl]

thiazole

噻唑[θaɪ'eɪzəʊl]isothiazole

异噻唑

isoxazole异噁唑[ai'sɔksə,zəul]oxazole

噁唑※

pyran吡喃['paɪəræn]

pyridine

吡啶['pɪrɪdiːn]

piperidine

哌啶[pɪ'perɪdiːn;paɪ-]※

pyridazine哒嗪(邻二氮杂苯)[pai'ridə,zin]pyrimidine

嘧啶,间嗪

[pɪ'rɪmɪdiːn,paɪ-]

pyrazine吡嗪(对二氮杂苯)['pirə,zi:n]piperazine哌嗪[pɪ'perəziːn;paɪ-]※

quinoline喹啉['kwɪnəliːn]purine

嘌呤['pjʊəriːn]aminoacid氨基酸

formicacid甲酸

formate

aceticacid

醋酸;乙酸acetate

glacialaceticacid冰醋酸;冰乙酸

propionicacid丙酸

propionatesorbic

acid山梨酸,2,4-己二烯酸

ribonucleicacid,RNA

核醣核酸

hydrogencyanide氢氰酸

hydrocyanide

hydrofluoricacid氢氟酸

hydrofluoride

hydrochloricacid

氢氯酸hydrochloridehydrobromicacid氢溴酸

hydrobromidehydroiodicacid氢碘酸hydroiodidelevofloxacinhydrochloride盐酸左氧氟沙星

nitricacid硝酸

nitratephosphoricacid磷酸