第二部分技巧课2-06阅读理解

2015英语考试第二部分课程2-06课阅读理解3】CAnEssentialScientificAlllifeontheearthdependsupongreennts.Usingsunlight,thentsproducetheirownfood.Thenanimalsfeeduponthents.Theytakeinthenutrientsthentshavemadeandstored.Butthat’snotall.Sunlightalsohelpsantproduceoxygen.Someoftheoxygenisusedbythent,butantusuallyproducesmoreoxygenthanituses.Theexcessoxygenisnecessaryforanimalsandotherorganismstolive.Theprocessofchanginglightintofoodandoxygeniscalledphotosynthesis.Besideslightenergyfromthesun,ntsalsousewaterandcarbondioxide.Thewatergetstothentthroughitsroots.Thecarbondioxideenterstheleavesthroughtinyopeningscalledstomata.Thecarbondioxidetravelstochlorosts,specialcellsinthebodiesofgreennts.ThisiswhereThechlorophyllsarethemoleculesthattraplightenergy.Thetrappedlightenergychangeswaterandcarbondioxidetoproduceoxygenandasimplesugarcalledglucose.Carbondioxideandoxygenmoveintoandoutofthestomata.Watervaporalsomovesoutofthestomata.Morethan90percentofwateranttakesinthroughitsrootsescapesthroughthestomata.Duringthedaytime,thestomataofmostntsareopen.Thisallowscarbondioxidetoentertheleavesforphotosynthesis.Asnightfalls,carbondioxideisnotneeded.Thestomataofmostntsclose.Waterlossstops.Ifphotosynthesisceased,therewouldbelittlefoodorotherorganicmatterontheearth.Mostorganismswoulddisappear.Theearth’satmospherewouldnolongercontainoxygen.Photosynthesisisessentialforlifeonournet.Inthefirstparagraph，theword“excess”means A；B；C；DAB，CDAlllifeontheearthdependsupongreennts.Usingsunlight,thentsproducetheirownfood.Thenanimalsfeeduponthents.Theytakeinthenutrientsthentshavemadeandstored.Butthat’snotall.Sunlightalsohelpsantproduceoxygen.Someoftheoxygenisusedbythent,butantusuallyproducesmoreoxygenthanituses.Theexcessoxygenisnecessaryforanimalsandotherorganismstolive.excessoxygenexcessheavy有选B，额外的氧气。Whichofthefollowingdoesnotmovethroughant’sstomata? Carbondioxide. Watervapor. Stomata是，选也全部都是词或词组，到文中去看看。只要看到第三段了，答案就有了，选D。实际上，用就可以答对此题。植物的气孔，食物能穿过去吗？Carbondioxideandoxygenmoveintoandoutofthestomata.Watervaporalsomovesoutofthestomata.Morethan90percentofwateranttakesinthroughitsrootsescapesthroughthestomata.Duringthedaytime,thestomataofmostntsareopen.Thisallowscarbondioxidetoentertheleavesforphotosynthesis.Asnightfalls,carbondioxideisnotneeded.Thestomataofmostntsclose.Waterlossstops.Inthetitle,thetermEssentialScientificProcessrefersto theformationofglucose. global watergettingtotherootsof在标题中，术语EssentialScientificProcess是指 首先要知道Essential的意思是“必不可少的、基本的。然后要把四个选的意思弄明A光合作 B葡萄糖的形 C全球变 D水进入植物根很明显，Cphotosynthesisglucoseroots，Theprocessofchanginglightintofoodandoxygeniscalledphotosynthesis.Besideslightenergyfromthesun,ntsalsousewaterandcarbondioxide.Thewatergetstothentthroughitsroots.Thecarbondioxideenterstheleavesthroughtinyopeningscalledstomata.Thecarbondioxidetravelstochlorosts,specialcellsinthebodiesofgreennts.ThisiswhereThechlorophyllsarethemoleculesthattraplightenergy.Thetrappedlightenergychangeswaterandcarbondioxidetoproduceoxygenandasimplesugarcalledglucose.答案就在第二段，那么就是做概括大意了。根据1，2、尾原则，答案直接选A。Thispassageisprimarilydeveloped exininga linga comparingand convincingthereaderofnts’ 讲述。A解释一个过程；B讲述一个故事；C比较和对比；D让读者相信植物的重要性实际上文章标题就告诉我们答案了，是一个process。答案A。Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewould OxygenandCarbon ntsandTheir HowPhotosynthesis WhyOurEarthNeedsA氧气和二氧化 B植物和它们的 C光合作用是怎么工作 D为什么地球需要C4】BWhenyouthinkofarobot,doyouimagineashiny,metallicdevicehavingthesamegeneralasahumanbeing,performinghumanlikefunctions,andrespondingtoyourquestionsinamonotonevoiceaccentuatedbyhigh-pitchedtonesandbeeps?Thisisthewaymanyofusimaginearobot,butintherealworldarobotisnothumanoidatall.Insteadarobotoftenisavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatefficientlycarriesoutrepetitiveordangerousfunctionsusuallyperformedbyhumans.Today’srobotismorethananautomaticmachinethatperformsonetaskagainandagain.Amodernrobotisprogrammedwithvaryingdegreesofartificialinligence,thatis,arobotcontainsaasreasoning,drawingconclusions,andlearningfrom,pastArobotdoesnotpossessahumanshapeforthesimplereasonthatatwo-leggedrobothasgreatdifficultyremainingbalanced.Arobotdoes,however,movefromcetoceonwheelsandaxlesthatrollandrotate.Arobotevenhaslimbsthatturnroundandmoveincombinationwithjointsandmotors.Tofinditswayinitssurroundings,arobotutilizesvariousbuilt-insensors.Antennaeattachedtotherobot’sbasedetectanythingtheybumpinto.Iftherobotstartstoshakeasitmovesonanincline,agyroscopeinsideitsensestheverticaldifferential.Todetermineitsdistancefromanobjectandhowquicklyitwillreachtheobject,therobotbouncesbeamsoflaserlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath,Theseandothersensorsconstantlyfeedinformationtothecomputer,whichthenyzestheinformationandcorrectsoradjuststherobot’sactions.Asscienceandtechnologyadvance,therobottoowillprogressinitsfunctionsanduseofartificialinligenceprograms.Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewould ceof B.Artificial ligenceC.Today’sRobotsandHowThey D.Modern-DayA机器人：取代人类B人工智能程 C今天的机器人以及他们的功 D现代传感A；D，BCartificial ligencetheunnaturalwayinwhichrobotsavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatperformsrepetitiveasensorthatdetectstroublesinaacomputerprogramthatimitateshuman lectualAmodernrobotisprogrammedwithvaryingdegreesofartificialin ligence,thatis,arobotcontainsaasreasoning,drawingconclusions,andlearningfrom,pastexperience.根据就近法原则，本题答案选D Imitate模 sensor传感Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatfuturerobotsmorehumanlikeinbehaviorand B.morelikeautomaticC.betterabletomoveoninclines D.betterequippedwithlaserlightsensorsA更像人类的行为 B更像自动机器 C更好的在倾斜的地方移动 D更好的装备激光传感器用判断就可以得到答案A了。出这种题纯属送分的Thewriterbeginsthepassageby theshapeofahumanbeingwitha B.amodernrobotwithafictionalC.animaginarymachinewitha D.acomputerprogramwithartificial 在本文开头，作者比 A人类的的形状和盒子的形状B现代机器人和假想机器人C假想的机器人和人类D如果把选翻译出来，可以一眼排除A，实在太不靠谱了。D也可以排除，因为人工智能是由计算机程序中的机器人和人类做对比，不对等。因此，BC相比，B更好。如果要回到原文看，可能会比较难受。第一段的中间Instead一词表明的对比的双方。这个词之前说的都Whenyouthinkofarobot,doyouimagineashiny,metallicdevicehavingthesamegeneralasahumanbeing,performinghumanlikefunctions,andrespondingtoyourquestionsinamonotonevoiceaccentuatedbyhigh-pitchedtonesandbeeps?Thisisthewaymanyofusimaginearobot,butintherealworldarobotisnothumanoidatall.Insteadarobotoftenisavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatefficientlycarriesoutrepetitiveordangerousfunctionsusuallyperformedbyhumans.Today’srobotismorethananautomaticmachinethatperformsonetaskagainandagain.Amodernrobotisprogrammedwithvaryingdegreesofartificialinligence,thatis,arobotcontainsaasreasoning,drawingconclusions,andlearningfrom,pastFictionalimaginaryTheword“humanoid”lackinghuman B.anythinghavingtheappearanceofaC.beingvoidor D.havingahumanformorHumanoid这个词在一般的词典上查不到，这属于“主词+词根”构成新词，而这个新词的意思跟主词是有关联的。Oid这个词根是“外表、形状”的意思。如果考试时查不到，有不知道词根，则先把选翻译出A缺乏人类的特征 B任何有humanoid外表的东西 C无效的或空的 Thisisthewaymanyofusimaginearobot,butintherealworldarobotisnothumanoidat现在把四个选带入替换humanoid，看哪一个说的通，当然是D最好5】AResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon’tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RiondfromGW'sColumbianCollegeofArtsandSciences，havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources，inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape—onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees—towalkontwo“Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,"，saidDr.Riond.Theresearchfindingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffourinsituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource.Standingontwolegsallowsthemtocarrymuchmoreatonetimebecauseitsuptheirhands.Overtime，intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledtoanatomicalchangesthatinturnbecamethesubjectofnaturalselectionwherecompetitionforfoodorotherresourceswasstrong.TwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea.ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity’s“outdoorlaboratory”inanaturalclearinginBossou Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut—theoilpalmnut，whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecoulanut,whichisnot.Thechimpanzees’behaviorwasmonitoredinthreesituations:(a)whenonlyoilpalmnutswereavailable,(b)whenasmallnumberofcoulanutswereavailable，and(c)whencoulanutswerethemajorityavailableresource.Whentherarecoulanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransportedmoreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityresource,thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether.Thechimpanzeesregardedthecoulanutsasamorehighly-prizedresourceandcompetedforthemmoreintensely.Insuch petitionsettings，thefrequencyofcasesinwhichthechimpanzeesstartedmovingontwolegsincreasedbyafactoroffourNotonlywasitobviousthatbipedalmovementallowedthemtocarrymoreofthispreciousresourcebutalsothattheywereactivelytryingtomoveasmuchastheycouldinonegobyusingeverythingavailable一eventheirmouths.Thesecondstudy,byKimberleyHockingsofOxfordBrookesUniversity,wasa14-monthstudyofBossouchimpanzeescrop-raiding,asituationinwhichtheyhavetocompeteforrareandunpredictableResources.Here,35percentofthechimpanzeesactivityinvolvedsomesortofbipedalmovement,andonceagain,thisbehaviorappearedtobelinkedtoaclearattempttocarryasmuchaspossibleatonetime.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirsttwoAManypeoplequestionthesimplehumanactivitiesofwalkingandcarryingBChimpanzee’sbehaviorsmaysuggestwhyhumanswalkontwoCHumanwalkinguprightisviewedasanadaptationtocarryingpreciousDOurancestors'ecologicalconditionsresembledthoseofmodern-dayMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon’tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RiondfromGW'sColumbianCollegeofArtsandSciences，havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources，inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape—onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees—towalkontwo“Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,""，saidDr.Riond.这种题要用选，到原文定位，然后进行比较A用question最好，在原文中说的是don’tquestion，显然与选不一致，所以直接就选A ondconductedtheexperimentwiththepurposeof AwhenhumansbeganwalkingontwoBwhatmadeourancestorswalkCwhatbenefitswalkinguprightbroughttoourDhowwalkinguprighthelpedchimpanzeesmonopolizeresources.（monopolize）问的是：Dr.Ri ond实施了一个实验，目的是为了找到 ConductPurpose两段出现了，定位后在定位点附近找选，找到walkingupright，BCD都有，先把AB（意思是：已经发现人类直立行走，AMostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon’tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RiondfromGW'sColumbianCollegeofArtsandSciences，havediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodern-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources，inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape—onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwesharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees—towalkontwo“Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,"，saidDr.Riond.Kyoto,University'sstudydiscoveredthat AregardedbothtypesofnutaspricedBpreferredoilpalmnutstocoulaClikedcoulanutsbetterthanoilpalmDignoredbothtypesofnut首先用Kyoto做，定位后，观察选，你会发现选很有意A认为两种坚果都是有价值的资源；B首选oil C更喜欢可乐果D两个都不喜当你把选都看懂了之后，到文中找答案就更具针对性了。就是去看oilpalm和coulanuts到底更喜欢哪一个。像这样的选，基本上AD就可以排除了。如果两个都喜欢或者两个都不喜欢，那做这个实验还thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogetherTwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea.ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity’s“outdoorlaboratory”inanaturalclearinginBossou Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut—theoilpalmnut，whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecou