新教材2022学年上学期高一英语寒假精练4sportsandfitness

44Sportsandfitness基础基础温故一、单词拼写1.Thetwoplayers____________________(竞争)witheachotherforagoldmedal.2.Wangcollectedmorethan____________________(百万)oldbricksofdifferentages.3.Tomwascaught___________________(作弊)intheChineseexam.4.Thenewsongispopularwiththe____________________(听众).5.Youwillwanttocontinuetofocuson___________________(积极的)choices.6.BecauseMaryisonadiet,sheisbecoming_________________(苗条)thanbefore.7.Accordingtothedoctor,_______________(慢跑)isgoodforourheart.8.Thelittlegirlcan’tfallasleepbecauseoftoomuch_____________(压力).9.Ilikevolleyballand(体操),whichIdomostoftheyear.10.Shehasalwaysbeenencouragedtoswimtobuildupthe(力量)ofhermuscles.二、单项选择11.Whenthebosscamein,theworkerspretended______hardontheirmachines.A.towork B.tobeworkingC.tohaveworked D.working12.Tomysurprise,myauntDianeis________achemistryteacher,sheisalsointerestedinmodernart.A.otherthan B.morethan C.lessthan D.ratherthan13.Theteacher’svoicestillremainedcalm______shewasgettingannoyed.A.aslongas B.evenif C.asif D.nowthat14.Keepontryingevenwhenyouareintrouble,________?A.willyou B.doyou C.shallyou D.can’tyou15.Youlookverytiredandyoumusthavebeenpreparingforthecomingexaminationyesterdayevening,_________you?A.didn’tyou B.haven’t C.weren’t D.hadn’t16.Don’tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmay_____theshockingend.A.giveout B.giveawayC.giveup D.giveoff17.Sorry,dear.It’smy_____tohaveyoutaketabletsby____.A.mistake;error B.fault;mistake C.error;fault D.fault;error18.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,don’tloseheart!Everythingwillallrightintheend.A.goout B.workout C.fallout D.figureout19.Compareyouranswers______thesequestions_____thoseofyourclassmates.A.to,with B.with,to C.to,to D.with,with20.—Youmusthaveknowneachotherforages________?—No.Igottoknowhimjustyesterday.A.mustn’tyou B.didn’tyou C.don’tyou D.haven’tyou三、翻译21.如果你定期锻炼，你一定会减肥的。(workout;loseweight)22.在锻炼的时候，即使我们遇到了困难，我们也不能放弃。(evenif；workout)23.如果我们有信心，我们一定能成功。（makeit）24.经常锻炼的人可以保持身体健康。（keepfit）25.许多运动员面对失败不灰心，给我们做出了好的榜样。（loseheart;setanexample）主题精炼主题精炼四、阅读理解ARunningandwalkingarebothexcellentformsofexercise.Thosewhoregularlydoeitherusuallyhavehealthierhearts,strongerbonesandlowerbodyweightsthanthosewhodolittleexercise.Butdoesitmatterwhetheryouspendtimewalkingorrunning?Argumentscanbemadeforboth,andwhichisrightforyoudependsonyourgoalsandyourpresentfitnesslevel.“Thekeydifferencebetweenrunningandwalkingishowmanycaloriesyouareburning—notpermile,butperminuteofexercise,”saysPaulD.Thompson,adoctoratHartfordHospital.“Runningisamore-efficient(高效的)movementandit’smoredemandingonthebody,soitburnsmorecaloriesperminute,”Thompsonsays.“Butifyou’vegotthetimetowalklongenoughtoburnthesameamountofcalories,thenwalkingisfine.”Thatsaid,ifyourfinalgoalistoloseweight,chancesarethatneitherrunningnorwalkingaloneisgoingtodothetrick.Researchhasshownthatitneedstobedonealongwithcaloriecontrol.Inarecentstudythatanalyzeddatafromnearly50,000people,researchersfoundthatrunners’riskofheartdiseasewaspercentlowerthanthatofthosewhowereinactive.Butwalkerswhoburnedthesameamountofcaloriesdailyhadarisklevelthatwas9percentlowerthanthosewhowereinactive.“Runninggetsthereputation(名声)forcausinginjuriesbecausemanypeoplewhoarejuststartingtoruntrytodotoomuchtooquickly,”saysCarolEwingGarber,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity.“Andtheyoftengetinjuredasaresult.Ifyouwanttoprogressfromwalkingtorunning,doitslowly,graduallyincreasingyourspeed,distanceandthefrequencyofyourruns.Runningmaybemorehighly-intense(高强度的)andcalorie-burningthanwalling,butwalkingisagreatwaytoeaseintoexerciseandmakesureyouarestayingphysicallyactiveeveryday.Thebottomlineisthatgettingexerciseofanykindisbeneficial—ifyoukeepdoingit.“Thebestexerciseistheoneyouaregoingtodo,”Thompsonsays.“Thereareextrabenefitstobegainedfromrunning,butwhat’smostimportantfromapublichealthpointofviewisthateveryonegetsoutanddoessomekindofexercise.”26.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Exerciseonitsownisnotenoughtoloseweight.B.Walkingisbetterthanrunningforbusypeople.C.Runningcanreducepeople’sfatquicklyandsafely.D.Walkingismoredemandingonthebody.27.Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentstudy?A.Runningburnsfewercaloriesthanwalking.B.Walkersaremorelikelytogetheartdiseasethanrunners.C.Walkingcanreducetheriskofhavingheartdisease.D.Inactivepeoplearefreefromheartproblems.28.WhichofthefollowingwouldThompsonmostprobablyagreewith?A.We’dbetterwalkslowly. B.Justwalkbeforeyourun.C.We’dbetterchoosetorun. D.Anyexerciseisbetterthannone.BRockclimbingisnotjustforgrown-ups.Yourchildrencanalsoenjoythisfun-filledactivityaswellasgettingitsadvantages.Asidefromitsheart-healthbenefit,itisalsoknowntoincreasetheirself-confidenceandesteem(尊重).Whileitmaynotbeanimpromptu(即兴的)activitylikerunningorbiking,therearemanyclimbingwallsthatarenowavailable,especiallywiththedevelopmentoffitnesscentersandcamps.Thegreatthingabouthavingyourkidsjointheseactivitiesisthatitfollowsupontheirnaturalquality.Asyouknow,childrenarenaturalclimbers.Youcanseethemgoingupontreesorclimbingtallladders.Withrockclimbing,youcansatisfytheirurgestobeaclimber.What’smore,itisfairlyeasyforthekidscomparedwithadults.Withahighstrength-to-weightrate,theyhavelessbodyweighttopullup,andtheyaremoreflexible(灵活的).Itisalsoalow-impactworkoutthattestsyourchildren’sendurance(耐性).It’seasyontheirjoints(关节)astheyburnenergyduringtheirascent.Inaddition,climbingwallsarelikegiantpuzzlesbeggingtobesolved.Notonlydoesittestthephysicalaspectsofyourchildren’sdevelopment,butitalsowakestheirmentalabilities.Thisexercisealsohelpsdevelopyourchildren’sessentialstrengthandflexibility.Kidsarechallengedphysicallyastheypull,lift,stretch,andtwisttheirwayup.Thisactivityalsodevelopstheireye-handcoordination(协调)astheyperformtheirclimb.Almostanyonecandoitalthoughitmayvaryinskilllevel,namelybeginner,intermediate,oradvanced.Butdespiteitsreputationasanextremesport,childrencandothis.Onedoesnotneedtobesuper-fittojoinarockclimbingclass.However,goodtechniqueismorenecessarythanstrengthwhendoingthissport.29.Whenitcomestoclimbing,comparedwithchildren,adults______.A.finditmucheasierB.mustbearmorebodyweightC.haveahigherweight-to-strengthrateD.followupmoreontheirnaturalquality30.Theunderlinedword“ascent”inParagraph4canbereplacedby“______”.A.test B.climbC.challenge D.improvement31.Whatmaythenextparagraphtalkaboutafterthispassage?A.Whattechniquechildrenneedtoclimbrocks.B.Whatmoreadvantagesclimbinghasforchildren.C.Howmuchstrengthpeopleneedtoclimbrocks.D.Whattrainingclassestherearetoteachchildren.答案与解析答案与解析一、单词拼写【答案】1.lion3.cheating4.audience5.positive6.slimmer7.jogging8.stress9.gymnastics10.strength二、单项选择11.【答案】B【解析】考查固定结构。句意：老板进来时，工人们假装在机器上努力工作。固定结构：pretendtobedoingsth.“假装正在做某事”。故选B。12.【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我的黛安娜阿姨不仅是一名化学老师，她还对现代艺术感兴趣。A.otherthan除了，不同于；B.morethan超过，不仅是；C.lessthan不超过；D.ratherthan而不是，宁可。根据句意可知选B。13.【答案】B【解析】考查连词词义辨析。A.aslongas只要；B.evenif尽管；C.asif好像；D.nowthat既然。句意：尽管老师生气了，但她的声音仍然很平静。根据前后两句的句意可知，它们是让步关系，因此用evenif引导让步状语从句。故选B。14.【答案】A【解析】考查反意疑问句。当陈述部分为祈使句，其反义疑问句常用willyou,won’tyou,wouldyou等。Would表示有礼貌的请求，will语气直率，won’tyou语气则更加强烈。选项中没有其他两项，故选A。句意：当你在困境的时候也要努力，好吗？15.【答案】C【解析】当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustn’t或needn’t。但若表推测时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分must之后的动词而定。该句子中有明确的过去时间，反意疑问部分要用didn’t+主语，故本题中选C。16.【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A.giveout分发；B.giveaway泄露；C.giveup放弃；D.giveoff发出（光）。句意：不要在故事的开头提到它，否则会泄露令人震惊的结局。根据“theshockingend”可知，此处表示“泄露”，故B项正确。17.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对不起，让你服错了药是我的过错。fault，强调过错，过失，多指小错误。bymistake错误地，所以B正确。18.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组。A.goout出去；B.workout解决；C.fallout失和，脱落；D.figureout理解，弄清。当你遇到困难的时候不要丧失信心，最后一切都会好起来的。故选B。19.【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：把你的答案和你那些同学的答案比较一下。短语answerstoquestions“问题的答案”，需用介词to连接，故排除B、D选项；句子主干是“comparesth.withsth.”比较两个对应的物，应用介词with，故选A。20.【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：——你们一定认识很久了，不是吗?——不。我昨天才认识他。当must表示推测，疑问部分应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。故选D。三、翻译【答案】21.Ifyouworkoutregularly,youwillloseweight.22.Evenifwemeetdifficultiesinworkingout,weshouldn’tgiveup.23.Ifwehavedetermination,wewillmakeit.24.Apersonwhotakesexerciseregularlywillkeepfit.25.Manyathletesdon’tloseheartfacingdifficultiesandsetgoodexamplesforus.四、阅读理解A【答案】26-28ACD【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了跑步和散步都是很好的锻炼方式。那些经常锻炼的人通常比那些很少锻炼的人心脏更健康，骨骼更强壮，体重更轻。但是你花时间走路还是跑步哪个更好，哪一种适合你取决于你的目标和你目前的健康水平。26.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thatsaid,ifyourfinalgoalistoloseweight,chancesarethatneitherrunningnorwalkingaloneisgoingtodothetrick.Researchhasshownthatit