高考英语阅读理解冲刺-2

定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺全程训练（14）及答案toseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield,shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn'tbeabuilt—indeviceforcleaningthe阅读理解阅读理解window.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,a选项。选项。lever(操作杆)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Weknowthefamousones——theThomasEdisonandtheAlexanderGrahamTodaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'sBells——butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?WhataboutthepeoplehardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettAMorgan'strafficlight.It'swhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)？equallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett'sShouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?innovationthatmakesglassinvisible,CanyoupicturelifewithoutclearJoanMcleanthinksso.Infact,Mclean,aprofessorofphysicsatwindowsandeyeglasses?light”and“windshieldwiper”，thelight”and“windshieldwiper”，theMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthat()1.Bymentioning“trafficshe'sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”authorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsarerinvented“what”，however,McleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheA.beneficial,becausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficial,B.beneficial,answerstothe“why”and”how”questions.AccordingtoMclean,”WhenthoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notuseful.C.notuseful.studentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedbecausetheirinventorsarelessfamoustorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveD.notuseful.thoughtheirinventorsarefamousinventingatry.”2.ProfessorJoanMcLean'scourseaimsto.So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well,MaryA.addcolorandvarietytostudents'campuslifeAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.B.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper'sinventionC.C.Thedaywascoldandstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.D.soshejumpedaboardastreetear.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingpreparestudentstotrytheirowninvention()3.TommyLee'sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerinspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperduetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormnotrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean'slectures()4.Which0fthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?AHowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?BHowtoDesignaBuilt-inDeviceforCleaningtheWindow?CShouldn'tWeKnowWhoInventedtheWindshieldWiper?DShouldn'tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?A篇第一篇文章是关于生活中离不开小发明，鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，推动社会的进步。观点态度题，根据第一段but处：butwhataboutthelessfamousinventers?Whatabout….windshieldwiper?可以得出结论。这些人的发明不是很有名，确实非常有用的。答案为B。细节题。根据题干可以定位到原文第二段，However处正是考点出题处，引号当中的内容正是证明了Mclean的观点：whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,・・・.preparedtorecognize・・・inventingatry.由此可以看出选项D正是原文的同义替换。细节题。根据题干中的人物Tommylee可以定位到原文第三段，引号当中正是他的观点：IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper'sinvention・・・..ineverwouldhave….，可以判断出答案B正确。主旨题。文章一开头就点出文章主旨：shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?并且用了疑问句加强语气，可见C选项正确。其他三个选项都相对片面。PassageFour(ExaminationsExertaPerniciousInfluenceonEducation)Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson'sknowledgeandabiliytremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson'strueabilityandaptitude.Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn'tmatterthatyouweren'tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon'tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight.

yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs':youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestriethisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetoworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge'sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer's.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson'strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:TwereateenagedropoutandnowIareateenagemillionaire.'Themainideaofthispassageis[A]examinationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducation.examinationsareineffective.rexaminationsareprofitableforinstitutions.examinationsareaburdenonstudents.Theauthor'sattitudetowardexaminationsis[A]detest.approval.critical.indifferent.markstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyinstitutions.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby[A]education.markstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyinstitutions.examinations.studentsthemselves.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis[A]toencouragestudentstoreadwidely.totrainstudentstothinkontheirown.toteachstudentshowtotackleexams.tomasterhisfate.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt?[A]Giveanexample.Forcomparison.Itshowsthatteachers'evolutionsdependontheresultsofexaminations.Itshowstheresultsofcourtismoreeffectise.VocabularyperniciousVocabularyperniciousknackembark窍门，诀窍乘船，登记writeoff勾销，注销。确认某食物已损失或无效syllabus教学大纲7.duress威胁，逼迫7.duressstack堆，垛scrawl写/画（的内容不工整，不仔细）潦草的笔迹，七scriptcynicalboildownscriptcynicalboildown熬浓,愤世嫉俗的，自私得为人不齿的浓缩，归纳难句译注Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.【参考译文】尽管所有那些虔诚的说法说考试能测定你所知道的东西，但其结果常常是适得其反，这是众所周之的常识。Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.【结构简析】secondtonone固定搭配，义：不亚于任何人或事物。【参考译文】（测）考试作为忧虑的制造者，真是出类拔萃。inducecramming诱人采用突击式学习方式。Cram尽力塞入，应试突击学习。EX:cramforachemistrytest.为应付化学考试而临时抱佛脚。Crampupils以填鸭式教学生。Yetyouhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsin6.cram6.cram入方式教人塞入，把某物塞进，突击式学习（尤指应考）以注alimitedamountoftime.【参考译文】他们不得不在限定的时间内，给一大堆匆忙涂写而成的笔试答卷批分。Andtheirwordcarriesweight.5.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.【参考译文】可他们的话/文字（这里指分数）有份量（有影响）。Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.【参考译文】这就是最终分析所归纳的一切。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇类似分类写作的文章。罗列了考试种种恶果。作者首先指出考试难以测定人的真正能力和水平，反而是适得其反。二是考试是忧虑的制造者，因为它决定了人的成败命运。三是考试促使学校进行应试技巧教育，否定了教会人思考、扩大视野。四是教师或者说测试人又累又饿，犯错误，还得在限定时间披阅成堆的试卷，他们的压力和考试者一样很大，而他们的话一一分数有份量，审判官的裁决，你有权上诉，而他们的裁决一一一笔定终身。最后引用“辍学者成为百万富翁”来点明测试这种形式对教育的坏影响。答案详解A考试对教育具有有害的影响。文章第一段就点明：考试是测试记忆的好方法，是测试在巨大压力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，却测不出一个人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指出：考试不是促进学生广泛阅读，反而限制其阅读；考试不能使学生追求更多的知识，而是诱导学生进行应付考试的突击式学习。他们降低了教学水平，因为他们剥夺了老师的一切自由。常常以考试结果而不是所教课程来评定老师，是他们不得不以他们所轻视的考试技巧来培训学生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。考试无效。这是考试后果的一个方面。C.考试对教育机构有利。这也是一个方面。D.考试对学生是一种负担。C批评的。第一段中作者明确指出，考试方法依旧，不能测出人的能力和水平。第二段点名，这种无用的考试决定人生的成败。第三段说考试最成功的考试者经常不是最佳的受教育者，他们是在胁迫下最佳获得考试技巧者,而好的教育应能培养人的思考。第四段涉及阅卷者又累又饿，常犯错误，不得不在限定时间披阅一大堆匆忙中七扭八歪写出的卷子。最后一句“我过去是一个是来岁的辍学者，现在我是一个年轻的百万富翁”画龙点睛地指出，考试指挥下的教育的失败。这一切都说明作者对考试的批评态度。嫌恶，厌恶。此答案从意义上说是对的。但语法不通，因为这是个东西，而is后要求是名词或形容词。B.赞成。D.漠不关心的。C考试。答案在第二段，考试是最终忧虑制造者，那是因为许多事情取决于考试：它们是我们社会中成功或失败的标志。你的未来可能全取决于这决定性的一天。教育。B.教育机构。D.学生自己。B培养学生进行思考。第三段第一句话点明：好的教育应该是培养学生自己思考。鼓励学生广泛阅读。教学生如何应考。C.教学生如何应考。D.掌握自己命运。B作对比，答案在最后一段倒数第二句“审判官裁决后，你有权力上诉，而披阅考卷人给分后，学生可没有上诉权”后面又谈及“一想到考试只对进行考试的机构有礼，未免太自私了。这酒是最终分析归纳的东西。”所以作者呼吁，可定还有许多更简便，更有效的评估人真正能力的方法。A.给出一个例子。C.表示老师是由考试结果评定好坏。这是第三段讲的不分内容，教师他们自己常由考试结果而不是所教课程优劣来评定。所以他们不得不对学生进行应试技巧教育，降低教学水平。D.表明审判官裁决更有效。阅读理解B1.WhichofthefollowingisdiscouragedbytheFrendsorganization?Tobuildmassivecomplexesforpublicamusement.TopreventpossibledamagestotheNationalPark.TohelpprotectandimprovetheParkforalltoenjoy.Tosponsorpublicationsandprojectsinlocalschool.()2.OneofthebenefitsformembersofFriendsisto.haveFriends'goodsfreeofchargevisitanyplacenotopentothepublictakepartinworkpartiesiftheywanttogivetalksintheirfieldsoncurrentissues()3.Thepurposeofthisposteristoinvitemorepeopleto.raisemoneyfortheFriendsorganizationjointheFriendsorganizationandbemembersofitworkasmanagersforPembrokeshireNationalPark

第二篇是应用文，是一份海报，关于国家公园的介绍以及征募会员介绍，话题和学生的生活有比较大的距离感，但是词汇未超出课标范围，学生完全可以通过信息的提炼分析答案。推理题。要注意题目问的是discouragedby…，通过文章第三大标题Activities第二段第一句wekeepaneyeonplanningapplications・・・suchasmassiveleisurecomplexes可以推断出选A是Friends所不支持的，为正确选项。细节题。根据题干，定位到第四大标题Benefits.从第五点”Satisfactionofparticipationinworkparties,forthosewillingandabletoinvolve.”可以看出选项C为正确选项。主旨题。文章一开头就抛出三个问题，可见这个组织的目的在于吸引更多的人能够加入其中，B为正确选项。由文章第二大标题Aims中的”weareavoluntaryorganization…”可见A选项错误。C，D选项都是文章没有提到的。第11组阅读理解——ABORDERCROSSINGSWhiletherearenorestrictionsontheamountofmoneythatyoucanbringacrosstheborder.YoumustreporttoboththeUSandCanadianborderenjoythelandscapeofPembrokeshireNationalPark

servicesamountsequaltoorgreaterthan$10.000.PERSONALEXEMPTIONSPERSONALEXEMPTIONS(免税)ONPURCHASESAMERICANSRETURNINGTOTHEUSLessthan48hours:$200US48hoursormore:$800USduty-freepersonalexemption.next$1.000USat3%Includingupto100cigarsand100cigarettes.CANADIANSRETURNINGTOCANADALessthan24hours:$50CAN48hoursormore:$400CANIncludingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.7daysormore:$750CANIncludingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.DOCUMENTATIONNEEDEDFORBORDERCROSSINGLANDORSEATOTHEUS(INCLUDINGFERRIES)Avalidpassportorpassportcard,oraNEXUScard.(ANEXUScardisaTrustedTravelerProgramthatprovidesquicktraveforpre-approved,lowrisktravelersthrou